Abstract
Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have come closer to their commercialization because of their high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), substantially enhanced stability, and low-cost and scalable manufacturing. However, toxic lead (Pb) as an indispensable component in high-performance PSCs remains an outstanding issue challenging the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology; toxic and water-soluble lead can leak out of perovskite layers under severe weather conditions, resulting in great potential pollution to soil and underground water. It is therefore essential to develop a closed-loop management of lead from preventing Pb leakage from perovskite solar modules during the device service life to recycling Pb from end-of-life modules. Here we highlight the recent advances in the sustainable management of Pb in PSCs from the above two aspects, and provide a brief outlook for the further development of lead management in PSCs.
NSTL