查看更多>>摘要：Diacylglycerol (DAG) has been drawing increased global attention due to its health benefits; however, there is a biggest challenge raised by 3-monochloropropyl esters (3-MCPDEs) and glycidyl esters (GEs) during its preparation and concentration. Herein, a model firstly was clarified and evaluated for the preparation of 48.9% DAG achieved by enzymatic glycerolysis of soybean oil in a solvent-free system though Response Surface Methodology. Subsequently, the resulted DAG was concentrated to 79.7%, involving 75.1% 1,3-diacylglycerol and 24.9% 1,2-diacylglycerol due to the steric effect and/or acyl migration, thought two-stage short path molecular distillation (SPD), and 3-MCPDEs and GEs were concomitantly evaluated during the concentration. Comparative investigation of various SPD parameters (e.g., temperature, scraping speed and feed rate), temperature was dominant and dependency in both 3-MCPDEs and GEs formation during the primary molecular distillation. However, it has a less effect on the formation of 3-MCPDEs and more effect on levels of GEs during the secondary molecular distillation process. Nonetheless, the DAG and chloride increases the probability of formation of both 3-MCPDEs and GEs. The results may promote the engineering production of DAG with high purity and quality.
查看更多>>摘要：Proanthocyanidin has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties and other health benefits. In this study, we successfully generated a novel delivery system, hollow proanthocyanidin cube cages, for cargo molecule encapsulation. First, ZIF-8 particles were prepared and etched with proanthocyanidins. Second, by accurately adjusting the ZIF-8 particle size and etching time, yolk shell metal polyphenol frameworks and hollow proanthocyanidin cube cages with various sizes were obtained. The structural and thermal properties of these yolk shell structures and hydrophilic hollow cages were analyzed. To test their potential application as functional component carriers, we loaded cypress essential oil in the hollow proanthocyanidin cube cages. These cages showed good loading capacity (26 wt%) and antimicrobial activity, especially for Aspergillus niger. In conclusion, hollow proanthocyanidin cube cages with a definite spatial structure are promising alternative carriers with potential applications in food, cosmetic, and medical fields.
查看更多>>摘要：Nobiletin is a citrus flavonoid with poor water solubility, which limits its application. To investigate the effects of emulsions on the bioavailability of nobiletin, long-chain triglycerides (LCT, i.e., corn oil) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) were used in combination with bergamot oil at different mixing ratios (i.e., 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) as the oil phase to produce nobiletin-encapsulating emulsions by high-pressure homogenization. The emulsion stability, digestion fate, and bioavailability of nobiletin were systematically investigated. The results showed that triacylglycerol-bergamot oil at the ratio of 1:3 was the most stable. The hydrolysis rate of triacylglycerol-bergamot oil emulsions increased with increasing triacylglycerol: bergamot oil ratio. The total bioavailability of nobiletin in corn oil-bergamot oil emulsions was higher than that of pure bergamot oil and MCT-bergamot oil emulsions during in vitro digestion, due to the higher hydrolysis rate of corn oil-bergamot oil and greater solubilization capacity of micelles formed by bile salts and long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from corn oil. Nobiletin bioavailability was highest in the 3:1 corn oil: bergamot oil emulsion. This simulated digestion study may be useful for designing emulsion-based delivery systems to control the bioavailability of hydrophobic nutrients.
查看更多>>摘要：Sulfite is a restricted food additive in various food preservatives. In our previous study, the sulfite was effectively removed by casein in shrimp samples. In this paper, the possible desulfite mechanism were explored by examining the interaction of casein with sulfite by fluorescence quenching spectroscopy, Ultraviolet (UV) adsorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The binding constant (K-S), binding thermodynamics, and the interaction effect on the casein's conformation were investigated. The results showed that casein bound with sulfite via hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, with Ks values of 1.07 x 10(5) at 293 K and 2.78 x 10(4) at 307 K respectively. The secondary structures and the conformation of casein were changed due to the interaction between casein and sulfite, with a decrease in positive Cotton effect, indicating the casein-sulfite interaction reduced the structural stability of beta-sheet folding of casein. As a result, this work provides the theoretical basis for the desulfite mechanism for the sulfite removal by casein in food processing.
查看更多>>摘要：Total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, CIELAB color, tocols and carotenoids were determined in whole kernels of four different pigmented (yellow, red, blue and purple) maize genotypes. The aim of this work was devoted i) to characterize the anthocyanin profile, ii) to compare the bioactive phytochemical substances, iii) to promote the introduction of new pigmented maize genotypes. Anthocyanins detected were mainly eight: cyanidin, petunidin, pelargonidin and peonidin-3-glucoside and their malonated derivatives. Acylated anthocyanins were far more abundant than glycosilated anthocyanins. Among the pigmented maize samples, the purple kernel genotype showed the highest concentration of anthocyanins. Color analysis of individual kernels of the four maize samples showed difference between the average L*a*b* values, detecting high correlations between L*, C* and Hue. Anthocyanins were negatively significantly correlated versus L*, C* and Hue. Considerable differences in phytochemical contents were observed between the genotypes. Principal Component Analysis provided a good summary of the results; it accounted for about 91% of total variance and clearly discriminated the four genotypes based on their specific chemical composition. Purple kernel maize genotype showed a higher content of total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, whereas yellow maize showed higher content in carotenoids and red maize resulted dominant in total tocols.
查看更多>>摘要：Consumers tend to reduced-fat products recently due to health concerns, which create a need to design reduced-fat products either changing the recipes or the processes. In the last decade, baking was introduced to reformulated potato chips production to low-fat chips; however it might lead to higher acrylamide formation due to increased processing time. In this study, vacuum baking and combined conventional and vacuum baking processes were introduced as new baking technologies to mitigate acrylamide in baked reformulated potato chips. The acrylamide reduction in vacuum-baked potato chips ranged from 72 to 98% when compared with conventional-baked one (6 min, 200 degrees C) whose moisture content (4.83%) was similar to all vacuum- (4.07%-4.77%) and combined-baked samples (4.42%-4.57%). The surface browning was significantly different (p < 0.05) during vacuum baking compared to others due to the difference of the heat transfer in the corresponding ovens. Higher L* and lower a* values were observed in vacuum- and combined-baked chips compared to conventional ones. Sensory analysis showed that vacuum-baked samples were more appreciated than the others in texture and overall acceptability (p < 0.05). Vacuum and combined processes might be considered as alternative baking technologies for safer reformulated potato chips.
查看更多>>摘要：The use of Schleiferilactobacillus (S.) harbinensis M1 as a starter culture, has been shown to improve the organoleptic quality of fermented soymilk, but its contribution to nutrient transformation and health-related functionality remains unclear. This study characterized the biotransformation of carbohydrates, isoflavones, proteins and free amino acids, as well as the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of soymilk fermented by S. harbinensis M1. After fermentation, soybean carbohydrates were mainly converted into lactic acid (76.68 mmol/L) and acetic acid (8.19 mmol/L), isoflavone glucosides (daidzin and genistin) were partially converted to aglycones (daidzein and genistein). Soybean proteins were extensively hydrolyzed into oligopeptides and free amino acids, and the soluble peptide fraction (451-189 Da) increased from 4.6% to 86%. Whole-genome sequencing of S. harbinensis M1 revealed a 3,592,195 bp circular chromosome with 53.02% (G + C) content and 3375 coding genes. Metabolic prediction revealed the enzymes required for carbohydrate/pyruvate metabolism and isoflavone biotransformation. The whole proteolytic system was predicted, including peptide transport system and 66 genes encoding proteinases/peptidases. S. harbinensis M1 significantly (p < 0.05) improved the antioxidant activity and antiproliferative effects of soymilk against HepG2/MCF-7 cells. These findings suggest that S. harbinensis M1 can be used as a proteolytic starter-culture to make functional fermented foods.
查看更多>>摘要：Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms that adhere to the surface of certain substances and produce extracellular polymers to improve their resistance to stress. However, only some Bifidobacterium strains can form biofilms on abiotic surfaces. The study evaluated the biofilm-forming abilities of six Bifidobacterium strains on grape seed flour (GSF) with a particle size of 80-120 mu m. Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis formed weak biofilms, whereas Bifidobacterium pseudo, Bifibacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum formed strong biofilms on GSF. B. pseudo cells formed biofilm particles with a diameter of 2 mm, and their cell numbers reached 2.04 x 10(9) CFU/g at 32 h. There were almost no viable cells in the culture without GSF after 60 h; however, the number of biofilm cells on GSF was still over 10(6) CFU/g, indicating that biofilms improve cell survival. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the following stages in the bifidobacterial biofilm formation process: adsorption to GSF, secretion of extracellular substance, biofilm maturation and dispersal, and cell death. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that GSF is beneficial for Bifidobacterial biofilm growth, providing a theoretical basis for the production of highly resistant probiotics in the food industry.
查看更多>>摘要：Nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds is an emerging field in food and pharmaceutical industries. In present work, essential oil was extracted from aerial parts of hyssop and encapsulated in chitosan-pea protein isolate nano-complex using a nanoprecipitation method. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the formation of nano-complex for maximizing the retention rate of hyssop essential oil (HEO) loaded in the nano-matrix and minimizing the average particle size simultaneously. The optimum nano-matrix formation were of chitosan/pea protein isolate ratio of 2.12 (w/w) and essential oil/chitosan-pea protein isolate ratio of 1.88 (w/v). Under these conditions, the retention rate of HEO and the average particle size were 81.2% and 216.4 nm, respectively. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated the success of HEO encapsulation. The formed nanoparticles illustrated a spherical shape and regular distribution as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antioxidant activity of HEO-loaded chitosan-pea protein isolate nano-complex was higher than free HEO. Similarly, the encapsulated HEO had a high antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The encapsulated HEO at 2 mg/mL concentration significantly decreased both the incidence and disease severity of gray mold on strawberries during storage at 4 degrees C. These findings imply that HEO-loaded chitosan-pea protein isolate nano-complex is a promising case to be used for novel applications in pharmaceutical and food industries.
查看更多>>摘要：Potato blackleg and tuber soft rot diseases, caused by the pectinolytic bacteria Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp., result in severe yield losses worldwide. Early detection of pectinolytic bacterial infections is an important tool in disease management for sustainable potato production. The main goal of the current study was to profile the volatile composition of tubers inoculated with pectinolytic bacteria, in order to identify biomarkers for inoculation with different pathogens.
NSTL
Elsevier