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Industrial Crops and Products
Elsevier Science Publishers
Industrial Crops and Products

Elsevier Science Publishers

0926-6690

Industrial Crops and Products/Journal Industrial Crops and ProductsSCIISTPEI
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    Thermal behavior and flame retardancy of poplar wood impregnated with furfuryl alcohol catalyzed by boron/phosphorus compound system

    Zhang, LiangliangPeng, YaoWang, WangCao, Jinzhen...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要：The objective of this work was to improve the thermal stability and flame resistance of furfurylated wood via preparing a new multifunctional catalyst system containing boric acid (BA) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP). Here, poplar wood (Populus cathayana) was impregnated with furfuryl alcohol (FA)/BA/ADP solutions, followed by curing at 105 celcius to form a hydrophobic FA resin network within wood. When the BA/ADP system catalyzed in situ polymerization of FA inside the cell wall, the thermal stability was greatly enhanced with the decreasing of the prominent peak of mass-loss rate, the decomposition temperature, and the volatile gases. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the treated wood was as high as 34.4% and its flame retardancy was remarkably improved by suppressing the heat transfer and smoke generation and promoting the char formation during combustion. The flame retardancy index (FRI) value of BA/ADP-FA modified wood was improved by 217%, indicating a "good" flame retardant efficiency. The crosslinking structures like P-O-C and B-O-C bonds enhanced the thermal stability of char. Such resulted poplar wood with flame retardancy will be an excellent application prospect as engineering biomaterial.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Biomass accumulation, bioactive compounds and nutrient uptake in Centella asiatica (L.) in relation to organic nutrition in open-field and shade

    Priyanka, S. P.Sujatha, S.Smitha, G. R.Suryanarayana, M. A....
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The 3-year study at Bengaluru, India assessed the effects of genotypes and nutrient levels on resource use parameters in Centella asiatica production systems in open-field and 50% shade to develop economically viable production package. The biomass accumulation pattern indicated that there were year wise variations in biomass accumulation in open-field and 50% shade conditions, but cumulative dry biomass was similar in both production systems. The genotype Arka Divya showed consistent growth performance in both open-field and 50% shade conditions, but Arka Prabhavi performed better in 50% shade. Different nutrient levels showed similar trend on cumulative dry biomass in open-field as well as in 50% shade. The total yield of identified bioactive compounds was higher in open field (141.2 kg ha(-1)) than in 50% shade condition (110.5 kg ha(-1)) in second year. Similarly, asiaticoside yields were 22% higher in open-field over 50% shade condition. Genotypic variations were significant with respect to content and yield of bioactive compounds in both open-field and 50% shade. At higher nutrient level of Farm yard manure (FYM) 5 t + 125 kg N through FYM, the yield of bioactive compounds was significantly higher in open-field (193.0 kg yield of active compounds ha(-1)) than in 50% shade (165.6 kg yield of active compounds ha(-1)). The uptake of macronutrients was significantly higher in 50% shade than in open-field. The results highlight that C. asiatica can be grown both in full sunlight and 50% shade along with optimum nutrition, but open-field cultivation of C. asiatica would be profitable.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Sodium alginate-based coating incorporated with Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham. extract: Application in peach preservation

    Mou, LinyunLu, YaXi, YunguanLi, Ganpeng...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The extract from Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham. was used for postharvest peach preservation for the first time. Different extracts of A. vitifolia were obtained by liquid-liquid extraction based on the gradient polarity, which were analyzed and characterized through HPLC, TLC NMR data and related literatures. Seven saprophytic fungi were isolated and identified from rotting peaches, thus clarifying the main saprophytic fungi. The extracts have certain antifungal effects on above identified fungi. It was found that n-butanol extract/sodium alginate coating of A. vitifolia, which mainly contains triterpenoid saponins and sterol saponins has a good effect on preserving the quality and repelling insects of peach fruit. Bio-safety evaluation result shows that To+SA, PE+SA, EA+SA, nB+SA and W+SA coating are relatively safe. Taken together, these results illuminated that A. vitifolia extract could be used as a promising alternative of peach natural preservatives.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Synthesis of oleic-based primary glycol with high molecular weight for bio-based waterborne polyurethane

    Wang, LiXiang, JunWang, SonghangSun, Zhe...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Oleic acid, as a renewable resource, exists in almost every vegetable oil, especially olive and camellia oils, which has promising prospects for the preparation of bio-based polymers. In this study, a novel oleic-based primary glycol (OPG) was synthesized from methyl oleate (MO, derived from vegetable oil) via Claisen condensation and thiol-ene photo-click reactions and used as an alternative to petroleum-based glycol for the preparation of biobased waterborne polyurethane (BWPU), and the differences in reactivity between the OPG and petroleum-based polypropylene glycol (PPG) and properties between BWPU and petroleum-based waterborne polyurethane (PWPU) were investigated. The yield of OPG was approximately 90%, the degree of functionality was 2.0, the hydroxyl value was about 155 mg KOH g-1 and the molecular weight (Mw) varied from 296 g mol- 1 to 560 g mol- 1 and 716 g mol- 1 after the chain extension of Claisen condensation and thiol-ene photo-click reactions. In comparison with PPG, OPG exhibited lower activation energy towards IPDI, and the values showed an order of OPG (Ea/Eo=71.25/74.20 kJ mol- 1) < PPG600 (Ea/Eo=106.83/108.03 kJ mol- 1) < PPG1000 (Ea/Eo=129.20/ 129.37 kJ mol- 1). Correspondingly, the end point of pre-polymerization appeared in 80 min for OPG and 420 min, 840 min for PPG600 and PPG1000 at 80 degrees C without catalyst, demonstrating that OPG had higher reactivity. Because of the difference in hydrophobicity, the minimum amount of hydrophilic extender used to obtain stable WPU emulsions was 7 wt% for OPG and 3.5 wt% for PPG respectively. The resulting BWPU films possessed good mechanical properties, including higher tensile strength (19.78 MPa) and Young's modulus (206.61 MPa). But the thermal stability (Td5% <= 250 degrees C) and low temperature resistance (Tg >= 28 degrees C) of BWPU films were inferior to that of PWPU films.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Fabrication of polyurethane porous composite films using biomass-based Juncus effusus fibers for oil removal from water

    Zhou, SijieLiu, XinZhang, ChunhuaXu, Weilin...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Oil spills cause serious ecological threats to aquatic life. High-performance polymer composite films using biomass fibers for rapidly removing oil from wastewater are exceptionally attractive due to sustainable development and high efficiency. Herein, we report a novel polymer composite film composed of polyurethane (PU) and biomass-based Juncus effusus (JE), which was fabricated using the nonsolvent induced phase separation method. The Juncus effusus/polyurethane (JEPU) composite films exhibited a highly controllable porous structure with the addition of JE powders. Owing to the strong hydrogen-bond interactions between biomass JE and PU matrix, the JEPU composite films showed good interface compatibility and enhanced mechanical property. Tensile stress-strain measurements demonstrated that the 2%JEPU showed tensile strength and strain of 1.14 MPa and 280.61%, respectively. Furthermore, the JEPU composites possess desirable hydrophobicity/oleophilicity with a water contact angle of 127 degrees, exhibiting a good oil absorption capacity. The developed JEPU composite films may broaden the application range of industrial crops and products in eliminating oil contaminants from water.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Isolation of industrially valuable alpha-Cedrol from essential oil of Platycladus orientalis (Thuja orientalis) leaves using linear gradient counter current chromatography

    Rehman, RafiaZubair, MuhammadBano, AfsarHewitson, Peter...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：alpha-Cedrol, a monoterpene alcohol, is an industrially valuable compound used in different productions due to its diverse pharmacological and therapeutic effects. This paper reports the isolation of this compound from essential oil of Platycladus orientalis (Thuja orientalis) leaves using high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) for the first time. Two different methodologies were developed with hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (HEMWat) solvent systems used in reversed phase linear gradient elution mode. In the first method, the gradient from HEMWat 17 (1/1/1/1) to 27 (19/1/19/1) solvent systems allowed isolation of 29.8 mg of high purity alpha-cedrol crystals with 86.6% recovery from 50 mg/mL sample solution as well as isolation of other components. In the 2nd method gradient from HEMWat 23 (4/1/4/1) and 27 (19/1/19/1) solvent systems of narrower polarity range resulted in doubling sample concentration to 100 mg/mL. Also the 2nd method reduced the elution time of alpha-cedrol to just 70 min with comparatively higher amount (65.72 mg) and percent recovery (94.58%) as compared to previous run.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Taxonomic and evolutionary impacts of anatomical and morphological characters in the genus Epilobium L. (Onagraceae)

    Rahimi, SedighehSheidai, MasoudKoohdar, FahimehMehrabian, Ahmad-Reza...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：The genus Epilobium with about 200 species is known as a complex plant group with controversial taxonomy and species relationship. A few evolutionary studies have been performed in the genus and less is known about Epilobium speciation events in different parts of the world. The present study was performed on 18 Epilobium species growing in Iran with the aim to produce data on taxonomic implementation of morphological and anatomical features and also to study the evolutionary impacts of the same characteristics on the genus speciation. Anatomical characters were found to be of taxonomic value and could differentiate Epilobium species. The studied taxa and their replicates formed separate clades in cluster analysis. PCA revealed that quantitative anatomical characters like overall width of the xylem, and overall width of brain parenchymal, are discriminating features of the studied species. Character mapping and evolutionary signal analysis indicated the evolutionary significance of these quantitative characteristics in speciation events within Epilobium genus. Phylo heatmaps constructed for qualitative anatomical characteristics revealed an irregular and inter-mixed distribution of these characters over phylogenetic tree.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Hydroxyl crosslinking reinforced bagasse cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite films as biodegradable packaging

    Xie, YuanjianPan, YuanfengCai, Pingxiong
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：To improve the packaging applicability of cellulose-based film, cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (Cel/PVA) composite films were prepared via crosslinking the hydroxyl groups (-OH) among cellulose and PVA as well as the dehydration/etherification between -OH of adjacent PVA chains. The structure and morphology, mechanical/barrier properties, water resistance, food preservation and degradation behavior in soil of the films were comprehensively characterized. The results indicated that the cellulose-based film (Cel/PVA-10-H) containing 10% PVA thermal-treated at 165 celcius possessed the best overall performance, which was mainly attributed to the crosslinked structure formed by the hydroxyl groups of cellulose and PVA. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) reached 77.17 MPa and 9.96%, respectively, which were approximately 220% and 97% higher than those of cellulose/PVA blend film without crosslinking. Moreover, the mechanical properties and oxygen permeability (2.04 x 10-5 cm3 mm-1 d-1 atm- 1) of Cel/PVA-10-H film were less sensitive to high humidity (RH > 80%), indicating that the cellulose-based composite crosslinked film possessed excellent water resistance. The results from cherry preservation and degradation tests in soil demonstrated that the as-prepared films kept the freshness of the fruits well and possessed excellent biodegradability.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics reveals chemical differences of Cannabis leaves from different regions of China

    Li, Chao-RanYang, Liu-XiuGuo, Zi-FanYang, Hua...
    8页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cannabis sativa L. is an industrial and medicinal crop that originated in Eurasia. Its female inflorescence is usually used as a drug because of its high content of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), while the stem and leaf have great potential as sustainable sources of fiber and fuel. In this study, we used an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS)-based untargeted metabolomics strategy to profile the metabolome differences among those Cannabis leaves collected before flowering from Xinjiang, Qinghai and Sichuan Provinces. Kruskal-Wallis test, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to compare and discover the chemical characterization of the collected samples. Finally, potential high-contribution features were identified as 13 flavonoids (including C-glycoside and O-glycoside) and 1 cannabinoid based on high resolution MS and MS/MS information, in which 4 flavonoids were unambiguously identified by reference standards. Cannabis leaves from Xinjiang and Qinghai accumulated higher flavonoid glucuronides, while flavonoid glycosides were more abundant in those from Sichuan. However, for the cannabinoids, such as Delta(9)-THC and CBD, there were no significant differences in leaves, even those samples shown difference genotypes. Our results indicating that flavonoids variation in Cannabis leaves has potential ability of chemotypic marker and geographical marker, and may improve the practical and economic value of Cannabis leaves.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Economic viability of industrial hemp production in Turkey

    Ceyhan, VedatTurkten, HaticeYildirim, CagatayCanan, Selime...
    9页
    查看更多>>摘要：Recent developments in industrial hemp sector have resulted in several differentiations in production, marketing, logistic and consumption pattern of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Therefore, the study examined the economic viability of industrial hemp production in Turkey. Research data were collected from industrial hemp producers by using structured questionnaire and from Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and other stakeholders such as merchants, retailer, and e-marketing platform through semi structured interview. Efficiency measures generated by data envelopment analysis (DEA), strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis and profitability measures were used to explore economic viability of industrial hemp production. Research findings showed that hemp stalk production cost per kilogram of only hemp fiber growing and dual-purpose growing were US $0.29/kg and US $0.41/kg, respectively. Dual-purpose growing model had the highest net revenue per hectare. Industrial hemp had the competitive advantage over fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), while reverse was the case for cotton fiber and seed production (Gossypium sp.). Based on the findings of efficiency analysis, the mean economic, allocative, and technical efficiencies were 0.77, 0.92, and 0.84, respectively. Productive efficiency level of dual-purpose growing was higher comparing with other growing models. Research findings also showed that farm level hemp production and processing hemp by modern technology was economically viable, while the viability of processing hemp by conventional technology was not profitable in Turkey. The results of SWOT analysis revealed that lacking data, problems related mechanism of hemp markets, hemp value chain, production, lacking research and development (R&D), and legislation problems were main issues in Turkey. The study suggests encouraging the R&D activities and investments in hemp breeding and genetics, and developing processing facility of hemp farms to produce fiber and seed-based product. Producing hemp with appropriate cropping system and increasing technical knowledge of hemp farmers, especially on sex determination may positively affect the economic viability of hemp production.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier