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Industrial Crops and Products
Elsevier Science Publishers
Industrial Crops and Products

Elsevier Science Publishers

0926-6690

Industrial Crops and Products/Journal Industrial Crops and ProductsSCIISTPEI
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    Long-term cell suspension culture of Thymus persicus (Lamiaceae): A novel approach for the production of anti-cancer triterpenic acids

    Bakhtiar, ZibaMirjalili, Mohammad Hossein
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Triterpenic acids (TAs) such as betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid (OA), and ursolic acid (UA) are well-known natural compounds found in many plant taxa possessive a wide spectrum of biological activities and potential medicinal uses. Thymus persicus has been already reported as a rich source of TAs. Nowadays, long-term culture is an efficient technique in increasing biosynthesis and production of specialized metabolites in the plant cell suspension cultures with the possibility of stimulation, metabolic regulation, permeabilization, and up-scaling to bioreactors. In the present study, both batch and long-term cell suspension culture (CSC) of the plant were developed for the production of these compounds. A maximum specific cell growth rate of 5.7 g day(-1), a doubling time of 42 h, and the highest cell viability (94.7%) throughout the growth period were measured. The highest cell fresh weight in CSC and its long-term culture was 100.63 +/- 4.2 and 171.6 +/- 4.1 g L-1 at day 21 and 35 of culture, respectively. A positive correlation between cell growth and the content of TAs in long-term culture was observed. The plant cells produced the highest levels of TAs in the mid-exponential phase and held their production stability during the long-term culture period. The highest content (mg 100 g(-1) DW) of BA (163.11 +/- 4.3) was measured in the second week of culture, while the maximum level of OA (10.22 +/- 0.1) and UA (11.01 +/- 0.4) was recorded in the third week of culture period. The present findings can be interestingly considered for further commercial production of valuable TAs at large-scale cultures in bioreactors.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    A cyclic process for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of lactic acid pretreated reed

    Chen, MinghaoTong, HaoLiu, HuanLu, Jie...
    7页
    查看更多>>摘要：This research aims to explore a green, economical and recyclable pretreatment method to enhance the enzymatic digestibility of reed. In this study, lactic acid (LA) as a kind of weak organic acid was used to pretreat reed. The results of orthogonal experiments showed that temperature was the most dominant influencing factor for the pretreatment process. Linear experiments conducted the optimum temperature for LA pretreatment of reed was 150 degrees C. Under this condition, the lignin removal reached 90.46%, glucan recovery was 89.80%, glucan digestibility was 66.43%, and the final sugar yields reached 60.70%. LA fermentation using the liquid obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis. The sugar acids conversion rate was 37.89%, which was 17.05% higher than that obtained by fermentation of pure glucose. Moreover, the product lactic acid can be widely used either as feed or to prepare polylactic acid and it also can continue to be used in the pretreatment of reed.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Recent advances in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass and its degraded products to levulinic acid: A synergy of Bronsted-Lowry acid and Lewis acid

    Azlan, Nadiah Syafiqah MohdYap, Chiew LinGan, SuyinRahman, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul...
    25页
    查看更多>>摘要：Levulinic acid (LA) imparts carboxylic acid and ketone bifunctionality, serving as a highly versatile platform chemical for the production of various value-added products. The sustainable production of LA through the biorefinery route especially from the lignocellulosic biomass feedstock is particularly attractive in view of its lower cost and environmentally benign process. However, a large scale of biomass conversion faces several bottlenecks typically due to the recalcitrance of raw material, low selectivity of catalyst and limitation of mass transferring. Bifunctional catalysts emerging from the synergistic coupling of Bronsted-Lowry acid and Lewis acid have significantly improved the cellulose conversion to LA in tandem reactions, which may even be accomplished in a one-pot conversion which is otherwise difficult to achieve. The variability arises from the complementary functional sites allowing ample opportunity for tuning in favor of the needs, shedding light in breaking through the bottlenecks. This paper reviews the current-state-of-art and development of various bifunctional catalysts including mineral acid-based, heteropolyacid-based, ionic liquid-based, carbon-based and silica-based catalysts, with respect to their synergistic effects on the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass and its degraded products to LA. The pertinent factors such as the catalyst acidity, surface area and porosity as well as reaction conditions are discussed alongside. Lastly, the methods of analyzing synergistic effects via synergy factor, frontier orbital theory , thermodynamic study are outlined to provide a tentative directive framework of bifunctional catalysts.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of different polar ginsenosides on rheumatoid arthritis

    Feng, JingYu, YuanSong, LinmengZhang, Ruoyu...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Traditional ethnic medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of such conditions. Ginsenosides have prominent pharmacological activities, and their antirheumatoid effects have been gradually explored, but their mechanism of action is not precisely known. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the therapeutic effects of different polar ginsenosides on RA and to explore the metabolic patterns of ginsenosides in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model using untargeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). The efficacy was evaluated by CIA model-related pathological indexes and histopathological parameters. This study provides a new basis for the cultivation of ginseng and the transformation and development of low-polar ginsenosides. Polar ginsenosides changed the urine metabonomics with respect to catecholamine biosynthesis and the metabolism of vitamin B6. In addition to the above changes, carnitine synthesis, phytanic acid peroxisomal oxidation, oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, malate-aspartate shuttle, and glucose-alanine cycle were also altered by less-polar ginsenosides. This experiment has shown that less-polar ginsenosides can alleviate inflammatory symptoms to a greater extent than polar ginsenosides.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Complementary effects of torrefaction and pelletization for the production of fuel pellets from agricultural residues: A comparative study

    Sarker, Tumpa R.Azargohar, RaminStobbs, JarvisKarunakaran, Chithra...
    13页
    查看更多>>摘要：Torrefaction is an effective technique to produce high quality coal-like material, which can be used as a sub-stitute of coal in combustion or gasification processes. Combination of torrefaction and pelletization can be a promising technique for production of fuel pellet for long term storage and overseas transportation without deterioration of its quality. In the current study, two production pathways (I: co-pelletization of torrefied biomass, II: torrefaction of biomass pellet) have been compared in terms of fuel pellet quality (physical, me-chanical, thermal, and hydrophobicity). Characteristics of pellets produced via co-densification of canola hull, oat hull with mustard meal were investigated. Although up to 75 wt% of oat hull/canola hull was successfully pelletized with mustard meal, 50:50 ratio of oat hull/ canola hull: mustard meal was optimum ratio based on pellet properties. Co-pelletization of torrefied biomass with raw biomass makes competitive quality pellet without use of external additives, high temperature and high pressure. Additionally, the higher heating value, energy density, hydrophobicity increased, and atomic ratios (H/C and O/C) decreased after torrefaction in both cases. Synchrotron-based computed tomography showed that porosity and diameter of cavity enlarged signifi-cantly for torrefied pellet than that for pellet produced from torrefied biomass. However, the moisture uptake rate for torrefied pellet is lower than that for torrefied biomass pellet. Higher heating values of pellet were more or less similar for pellets obtained from both pathways. In terms of energy consumption throughout the whole procedure, scheme II is slightly more intense as it requires more energy during grinding while scheme I requires more energy for pelleting. Therefore, co-pelletization of torrefied biomass was more effective considering overall energy consumption and fuel pellet product quality.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Metabolome and whole transcriptome analyses reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying terpenoids biosynthesis in Sapindus mukorossi fruits

    Xue, TingZheng, XuehaiChen, DuoZhang, Tianyu...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Sapindus mukorossi fruit has been widely used as a source of daily necessities, cosmetics, biomedicine, and biodiesel due to its high terpenoids content. However, a systematic inventory of the regulatory mechanisms of terpenoids biosynthesis at different stages of fruit growth is still lacking. Here, we identified 50 terpenoid metabolites by terpenoid-targeted metabolomics and found that the most abundant kinds of terpenoids are triterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. Mukurozioside and pyishiauoside of sesquiterpenoids were significantly upregulated in the mature fruit (S3) compared with the young fruit (S1) and mid-mature fruit (S2), indicating that they may be important factors leading to a high content of terpenoids. A total of 1669 differentially expressed (dif) lncRNAs, 13 dif-circRNAs, 219 dif-miRNAs, and 17,529 dif-mRNAs were identified by wholetranscriptome data. Enrichment analysis showed that these dif-RNAs were significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, metabolic process, and plant hormone signal transduction. Co-expression and ceRNA network analysis showed that lncRNA:MSTRG.18127.1 was positively correlated with gma-miR156k, SmHSF14, and SmAXY4, regulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Correlation analysis between transcriptome and metabolite profiling showed that SmSE, Sm beta-AS, SmCYP716A, SmUGT73, SmUGT94, SmTPS1, and SmTPS26 are key regulatory genes and that the upregulation of these genes may be beneficial to terpenoids biosynthesis. These findings can help elucidate the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of terpenoids biosynthesis in S. mukorossi and provide a biological basis for genomics-enabled improvements in molecular breeding.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Preparation of bio-based polyurethane hydroponic foams using 100% bio-polyol derived from Miscanthus through organosolv fractionation

    Li, HongweiWang, BingShui, HengfuWei, Qin...
    12页
    查看更多>>摘要：A novel bio-based polyurethane (BPU) hydroponic foam was developed by substituting up to 100% of petroleum-derived polyol with bio-polyol derived from cost-effective organosolv fractionation of Miscanthus in an acetic acid-water (9/1, v/v) mixed solvent. The optimal operating conditions for organosolv fractionation were determined to be 100 ? for 120 min with 10% H2SO4 (based on dry biomass), yielding ~38% bio-polyol and ~56% crude cellulose. The obtained bio-polyol contains a significant amount of active hydroxyl groups as determined by FTIR and H-1 NMR spectra analyzes, with a hydroxyl number of 157 mg KOH/g and a low weight-average molecular weight (Mw = 1900 g/mol). All BPU foam samples were evaluated for their foaming, physical, mechanical, and morphology properties. When compared to a reference foam, all BPU foams had a high open cell content of 70-80% and a maximum water absorption capacity of ~1180%.& nbsp; At 10% deformation, all BPU foams had comparable compressive strengths ranging from 27 kPa to 38 kPa. SEM analysis revealed that all BPU foams, especially the 100% BPU-4 foam sample, had an average cell size of 176 mu m, which was comparable to that of a reference foam (172 mu m). TGA analysis indicated that these foam samples were thermally stable at temperatures up to 200 ?. This research work demonstrated that the BPU foams containing up to 100% bio-polyols, with their high open cell content and high water absorption capacity, as well as relatively low mechanical strength and good cell uniformity and thermal stability, would find hydroponic application as horticultural growing media.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Development of organic porous material from pineapple waste as a support for enzyme and dye adsorption

    Veeramalai, SangeethaRamlee, Nurfadhila NasyaMahdi, Hilman IbnuManas, Nor Hasmaliana Abdul...
    16页
    查看更多>>摘要：The transformation of agricultural wastes such as pineapple waste into valuable product such as biochar will be of great advantage. Biochar is a black carbon produced by pyrolysis which can act as good adsorbent for organic substances due to the high porosity characteristic. Due to the instability and the non-recyclability factor of free enzymes, the use of immobilized enzyme is getting more attraction. Furthermore, biochar or activated carbon (AC) has been widely used in industries to adsorb pollution such as dye. In this study, process pyrolysis was used to convert pineapple waste biomass (PWB) into useful adsorbent such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) for lipase immobilization and RBBR dye adsorption. Several steps such as impregnation of PWbB with nitric acid, and process pyrolysis of pineapple waste at various temperatures and residence time have been performed. Studies of characterization of biochar such as Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer - Emmett - Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were accomplished to analyze the differences in performance. The performance of BC in lipase immobilization and RBBR dye adsorption were investigated by varying parameters i.e. initial concentration, physical size of PWB (grounded and non-grounded pineapple waste (PW) biomas) and physical size of BC (crushed and non-crushed BC). The achievements of generated BC were compared with commercial AC. The result shows the highest amount of protein adsorbed during immobilization was achieved at F500 1 h PWbB (92.99%). Meanwhile, the maximum dye removal was achieved at F 600.5 h PWbB (83.59%). Adsorption kinetics studies insinuate that the overall process follows the pseudo-first-order where the process was influenced by intraparticle and film diffusion while equilibrium isotherm studies is best described by Langmuir isotherm models. As a conclusion, the conventional liability burden of pineapple waste is possible to be transformed into valuable commodity especially for waste treatment.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Formulation optimization and characterization of carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsions: In vitro antibacterial activity/mechanism and safety evaluation

    Liu, QiWang, ZixuanMukhamadiev, AbdughafforFeng, Jianguo...
    10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Practical application of carvacrol in different fields including foods and biopesticides is limited because of its instability and water insolubility. To overcome these problems, carvacrol can be loaded into nanoemulsions. In this study, carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsions (CNs) were formulated and characterized, and the most suitable emulsifier was selected. The optimized formula of CNs by Box-Behnken design was: carvacrol 5%, emulsifier (Tween-80) at 8% and the shearing time of 7 min. The antibacterial activity of this optimum formulation of CNs was evaluated by the measurement of inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration, and mini-mum bactericidal concentration. The antibacterial mechanism of CNs was also studied by scanning electron microscopy, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and intracellular lysate leakage. CNs damaged the structure of bacterial cells and the permeability of bacterial cell membrane, resulting in the leakage of cellular contents from bacteria. Also, at the same concentration, CNs had a higher cell survival rate and less apoptosis compared with commercial carvacrol aqueous solution; therefore, CNs had a higher biological safety. The final formulation solved the volatility and instability of carvacrol during use, along with providing a new technology for preparing CNs with a long-term stability and good antibacterial activity.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Advantages of MW-assisted water extraction, combined with steam explosion, of black alder bark in terms of isolating valuable compounds and energy efficiency

    Arshanitsa, AlexandrPonomarenko, JevgenijaLauberte, LigaJurkjane, Vilhelmine...
    14页
    查看更多>>摘要："Green " extraction of black alder bark using deionized water as an alternative to organic solvents and microwave (MW) induced heating instead of convective/conductive heating was studied. An extractor of original construction with the MW capacity of 2.4 kW, equipped with a pressurized extraction chamber (V = 1350 cm(3)) and a condenser section, was used. The MW-assisted heating of the suspension up to the desirable temperature was performed with a uniform high rate of ~ 30 & nbsp;C min(-1). The yield of the black alder bark water extracts obtained by MW-assisted extraction varied from 15.4% to 26.4% (on bark dry matter) increasing with increasing extraction temperature (70-150 C) and increasing duration of the isothermal step of extraction (0-30 min). The electricity consumption per dry weight of obtained products needed for MW-assisted heating of the substrate containing suspension varied from 6.2 to 32.0 kWh kg(-1) being higher at higher extraction temperature and longer duration of isothermal heating step. UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, GC-FID, Py-GS/MS/FID, UV spectroscopy methods revealed that the main constituents of the obtained black alder bark water extracts were diarylheptanoids, condensed tannins, carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, lignin related phenols. The MW induced depolymerization of alder bark cell wall constituents (hemicellulose, lignin) evidenced by Py-GC/MS/ FID, GC-FID, wet chemistry analyses of extracts and bark residues after extraction, resulted in the disruption of the bark cell wall and isolation of metabolites bound within it by microwaves-assisted extraction (MAE). Therefore, the black alder bark water extracts, obtained by MAE at 70-110 C, compared to those isolated by advanced accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) at a given temperature, have higher diversity and higher contents of different groups of phenolic extractives, including a higher content of their major class in alders - diarylheptanoids. The increase of the extraction temperature above 110 C and the duration of extraction up to 30 min led to an increase of the content of carbohydrates and noticeable decrease of phenolics content in extracts, including the dominating diarylheptanoid oregonin. The content of oregonin, having a high antioxidant activity and valuable biological activities, was in focus of our research and practical interest. MAE with dynamic heating to 90 C without keeping of isothermal heating is the most attractive for obtaining of oregonin-enriched extracts, containing up to 57% of oregonin, in contrast to ASE water extracts with the maximum oregonin content of 39%. In this regime, two-fold less energy consumption (7 vs 15 kWh kg(& nbsp;-1)) and two and a half times more productivity (1.5 vs 0.6)% min(-1) was achieved in comparison to the case of the ASE method used as reference.
      原文链接:
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier