查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The first natural product isolation studies of Nothofagus gunnii (Hook.f.) Oerst and Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.f.) Oerst have been undertaken. A previously unreported stilbene derivative, pinosylvin monoacetate, was isolated from the leaves of N. gunnii, in addition to 14 known compounds; including the flavonoids galangin, pinobanksin, catechin and quercetin; sesquiterpenoids such as, ilicol and (+)-β-costol acetate; 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxychalcone and pinosylvin. Four known flavonoid natural products, catechin, quercetin, ayanin, and avicularin were isolated from the leaves of N. cunninghamii. This study reveals that N. gunnii is a rich source of flavonoid, chalcone and stilbene compounds, while primarily hydroxyflavonoid compounds are found in N. cunninghamii. The isolated phytochemicals are consistent with the evolutionary relationships suggested to exist among Nothofagus species.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Eight new compounds (1–8), along with three known related compounds (9–11) were isolated from the leaves of Sauropus spatulifolius Beille. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by means of spectrometric and the modified Mosher's method. Among the new compounds, compounds 1 and 2 were identified as ethyl 3, 6-anhydro-2-deoxy-β-D-arabino-hexofuranoside (1) and ethyl 3, 6-anhydro-2-deoxy- hexofuranoside (2). Compounds 3–5 were the 2-acetylpyrrole derivatives and identified as 2-(2-acetyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-4-hydroxybutyric acid (3), methyl 4-(2-acetyl-lH-pyrrol- 1-yl) butanoate (4) and 1, 4-bis (2-acetyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) butane (5), respectively. Compound 6 was elucidated as 7-megastigmane-3, 8, 9-triol. Compounds 7, 8 were identified as kaempferol-3-O-2-deoxy-β-D-glucoside (7) and kaempferol-3-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1–6)-2-deoxy-β-D-glucoside (8). In addition, the cytotoxic activities of all the compounds were also evaluated, where compounds 3, 5, 7, 9\10 and 11 exhibited the magnificent inhibition activity on lung fibroblast differentiation induced by TGF-β1with low toxicity against the RLE-6TN cell.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Since glucolipid metabolism disorders is often the mono-target therapy fails in managing blood glucose and lipid levels and the other complications, it is urgent and necessary to seek for the new potential drugs or functional food acting on multi-targets. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic dual activities of the root, stems and leaves of Desmodium caudatum, which is used for traditional Chinese medicine, was evaluated. Twelve extracts with different extraction conditions were prepared and extract 9 was find to exhibit potential inhibitory activities of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), α-glucosidase, and pancrelipase, as well as promote cellular glucose consumption and reduce cellular content of lipid. Five flavonoids were isolated and identified from extract 9, among which 8-prenylquercetin exhibited potent α-glucosidase (IC50 = 4.38 μM) and FBPase (IC50 = 3.62 μM) dual inhibitory activity, which were 75-fold higher than acarbose (IC50 = 330.10 μM) and comparable with AMP (IC50 = 2.92 μM). In addition, 8-prenylquercetin was able to promote glucose consumption and reduce lipid content. Besides, an efficient synthesis of the most potent 8-prenylquercetin was developed from inexpensive and commercially available rutin in 21% overall yield by 6 steps, which lay the foundation of preparation sufficient amount for follow-up study.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Caged-polyprenylated xanthonoids represent a rare class of natural products. This type of compounds is mainly isolated from Genus Garcinia. Phytochemical studies on the leaves and twigs of Garcinia oligantha led to the isolation of four new caged-polyprenylated xanthonoids, oliganthone C–F (1–4), and two new simple xanthones (5–6), oliganthaxanthone D and oliganthaxanthone E. Eight known other polyprenylated xanthones (7–14) including five caged-polyprenylated xanthonoids (7–11) were also isolated. Their structures were elucidated based on the analyses of extensive spectroscopic data. All the isolated compounds except for 5, 6 and 14 showed cell viability reducing effect against human lung cancer A549 cells. Compounds 1–3 were proved to be potential apoptosis inducing agents.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Four new chlorinated bisabolene-type sesquiterpenoids (1–4) were isolated during the phytochemical investigation of an acetone extract of the whole plant of Parasenecio rubescens. The structures of 1–4 were determined by analysis of their HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was established through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines (B16 mouse melanoma, HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma, and MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma), as well as their antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Monilia albicans. As a result, compounds 1–4 displayed a certain degree of antimicrobial activities.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The authors regret having misclassified the endophyte Talaromyces fugus isolated from Epilobium angustifolium, that should be T. fusiformes and not marneffei. Our article needs therefore correction. Our attention to this error was raised by this note sent to the Editor of Fitoterapia by Qian Du Duqian and Franklin Wang-Ngai Chow: We are writing to express our thoughts on the research article entitled “A norbisabolane and an arabitol benzoate from Talaromyces marneffei, an endophytic fungus of E. angustifolium”, published in Fitoterapia 153 (2021), 104,948. The author claimed that they have isolated a strain of Talaromyces marneffei from the plant E. angustifolium, based on the morphology on PDA plate and BLAST analysis of the of the DNA sequences from the ITS1–5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA gene region. The sequence for their isolate had been deposited in the GenBank with the accession no. MK849927. T. marneffei (formerly Penicillium marneffei) is indeed a human pathogenic dimorphic fungus causing talaromycosis (formerly penicilliosis) in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, including cancer, HIV positive, organ transplant, and autoimmune diseases patients. T. marneffei grows as mycelial form with red diffusible pigment below 30 °C and grow as yeast form when it is above 30 °C. Although researchers have spent years to look for the environmental reservoir, the only confirmed reservoir of T. marneffei is bamboo rat (Rhizomys). Although the authors claimed that their isolate from “E. angustifolium” is T. marneffei, the culture plate photo in the graphical abstract did not show characteristics red diffusible pigment. We therefore BLAST the sequence of MK849927 and limit to theagainst the rRNA/ITS database of “Internal transcribed spacer region (ITF) from Fungi type and reference material”“Sequences from type material”. The result returns 99.66% sequences similarity to “Talaromyces fusiformis strain CBS 140637” (accession no. NR_169911.1) instead ofwhile there is only 95.54% sequence similarity to “Talaromyces marneffei CBS 388.87” (accession no. NR_103671.2). We believe that the authors were misled by incorrectly deposited annotated ITS sequences from non-type material sequence database previously. We further investigate if the morphology of their isolate is similar to T. fusiformis by comparing the culture photos of this article to Fig. 12 of the article “New Talaromyces species from indoor environments in China” PMID: 28070136, and found that it is indeed very similar to T. fusiformis. All together with the ITS sequence and the morphology, we believe that their isolate was indeed T. fusiformis but not T. marneffei. Qian Du Duqian Department of Adult Intensive Care Unit, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Franklin Wang-Ngai Chow Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021The aim of this study is to investigate the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of nobiletin by evaluating the expression of cytokines associated with inflammatory reactions in an autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. A total of 60 male C57BL/6 mice aged between 8 and 10 weeks were used. Mice were divided into six groups (n = 10 mice per group): control, EAE, low-prophylaxis, high-prophylaxis, low-treatment and high-treatment. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and pertussis toxin. Nobiletin was administered in low (25 mg/kg) and high (50 mg/kg) doses, intraperitoneally. The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of nobiletin on brain tissue and spinal cord were evaluated by expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFNγ), IL-6, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) using immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Prophylactic and therapeutic use of nobiletin inhibited EAE-induced increase of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 activities to alleviate inflammatory response in brain and spinal cord. Moreover, nobiletin supplement dramatically increased the IL-10, TGF-β and IFNγ expressions in prophylaxis and treatment groups compared with the EAE group in the brain and spinal cord. The results obtained from this study show that prophylactic and therapeutic nobiletin modulates expressions of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in brain and spinal cord dose-dependent manner in EAE model. These data demonstrates that nobiletin has a potential to attenuate inflammation in EAE mouse model. These experimental findings need to be supported by clinical studies.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.This review describes the chemical composition and biological properties of essential oils from plants of the Ocotea genus, from different origin. This taxon belongs to the Laureaceae family, which in turn, is best known for medicinal use, often related to the essential oils. The text includes studies about Ocotea species distributed mainly on the South American continent, but also reporting species located in North America and Africa. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Ecuador are countries with highest number of species mentioned in the review. Also, the major components of each essential oil, its chemical structures, as well as the description and extent of biological activities related to essential oils are detailed in this review. Finally, the text discusses the chemical and biological aspects of these studies in a comparatively way, also informing additional data such as yield, biome of origin and pharmacobotanical location.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.Four new iboga-type alkaloids, ervaoffines H-K (1–4), along with five known compounds were obtained from the aerial parts of Ervatamia officinalis. The absolute configurations of 1–4 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. The isolates were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 1, 5, 6, and 9 showed potential inhibitory effect of NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 and RAW264.7 cells.
查看更多>>摘要：? 2021 Elsevier B.V.The biochemical class of the polymethoxylated flavonoids represents uncommon phenolic compounds in plants presenting a more marked lipophilic behavior due to the alkylation of its hydroxylic groups. As a polymethoxylated flavone, which concerns a different bioavailability, artemetin (ART) has been examined in vitro against lipid oxidation and its impact on cancer cells has been explored. Despite this flavone only exerted a slight protection against in vitro fatty acid and cholesterol oxidative degradation, ART significantly reduced viability and modulated lipid profile in cancer Hela cells at the dose range 10–50 μM after 72 h of incubation. It induced marked changes in the monounsaturated/saturated phospholipid class, significant decreased the levels of palmitic, oleic and palmitoleic acids, maybe involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, ART compromised normal mitochondrial function, inducing a noteworthy mitochondrial membrane polarization in cancer cells. A dose-dependent absorption of ART was evidenced in HeLa cell pellets (15.2% of the applied amount at 50 μM), coupled to a marked increase in membrane fluidity, as indicate by the dose-dependent fluorescent Nile Red staining (red emissions). Our results validate the ART role as modulatory agent on cancer cell physiology, especially impacting viability, lipid metabolism, cell fluidity, and mitochondrial potential.
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