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Energy sources, Part A. Recovery, utilization, and environmental effects
Taylor and Francis
Energy sources, Part A. Recovery, utilization, and environmental effects

Taylor and Francis

季刊

1556-7036

Energy sources, Part A. Recovery, utilization, and environmental effects/Journal Energy sources, Part A. Recovery, utilization, and environmental effectsSCIISTP
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    Thermodynamic system analysis of calcium carbide based on incomplete combustion oxygen-thermal method

    Weihua LiuBo WeiTao YangJianjiang Wang...
    1-17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Research of calcium carbide production is of great importance to the utilizationof coal. In order to improve productivity and reduce energy consumption.The thermal system in an oxygen thermal process (OTM) calciumcarbide furnace was analyzed. This work established a thermodynamicmodel to analyze the effects of material temperature, ash yield, fixed carboncontent and heat loss on calcium carbide purity and total coke consumption.The results showed that the total coke consumption for the synthesis of 1 kgof calcium carbide decreased, the purity of calcium carbide increased, andthe effect of heat loss decreased as the temperature of the material enteringthe reaction area increased. And the effect of coke temperature was muchmore important than the CaO temperature. Ash yield in the coke should notexceed 20%, otherwise, the purity of calcium carbide produced can’t satisfythe industrial requirement (acetylene productivity is 260 L/kg). In addition,the temperature of the material must be between 1151 ~ 1862℃ to meet therequirements of high energy utilization.
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    Enhancing conventional steam power plant performance through feed water heating repowering

    Jamshid NaeimiMojtaba BiglariSaadat ZirakIraj Jafari Gavzan...
    18-34页
    查看更多>>摘要：Repowering of old steam power plants is a viable solution to increase powerand improve efficiency. This study investigates the feasibility of feed waterheating repowering for the Neka steam power plant by considering theinfluences of steam mass flow rate on the condenser performance and theheat rate of the new cycle. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted usingthe first and second laws of thermodynamics and heat transfer relations ineach scheme. The effect of increasing the steam mass flow rate on theperformance of the condenser and the cycle was also investigated. Therepowered cycle was simulated using Thermoflow software, and the resultswere validated with small errors. The results showed that replacing low andhigh-pressure heaters with new heat exchangers increased the power of thesteam unit and the repowered cycle, energy, and exergy efficiencies by15.7%, 49.3%, 5.93%, and 2.17%, respectively. Although the condenser pressureincreased by 19 millibars, leading to a 0.63% increase in the heat rate,the total heat rate of the repowered cycle improved by 4.62%. Overall, thefindings demonstrate that feed water heating repowering can be an effectivestrategy to increase the efficiency and power of conventional steam powerplants.
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    Spectroscopic verification of biodiesel synthesis from turpentine tree oil through two-step chemical reactions: investigation of the use of synthesized biodiesel and acetone as fuel additives in diesel engines

    Halis DevirenErdal Cilgin
    35-53页
    查看更多>>摘要：In this research, the influence of acetone addition in diesel engines wasassessed, examining its implications on combustion, performance, and emissions.Biodiesel was synthesized from turpentine oil via a dual-step processinvolving esterification and transesterification, validated through FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance confirmedthe presence of methyl esters while Gas Chromatography-MassSpectrometry facilitated the biodiesel component analysis. Tests on mixedfuels, conducted under varied load settings at 1500 rpm, showcased thatintroducing acetone to diesel escalated in-cylinder pressures, heat releaserates, and gas temperatures but mitigated pressure rise rates. In contrast, itsincorporation in the diesel/biodiesel blend revealed a decline in the aforementionedparameters and an enhancement in pressure rise rates.Specifically, diesel with acetone yielded a 2.72% and 8.07% reduction inbrake specific fuel consumption and carbon monoxide emissions, respectively.However, brake thermal efficiency marginally elevated by 0.01%,accompanied by a 4.19% surge in nitrogen oxide emissions. Incorporatingacetone in the diesel/biodiesel blend led to a 1.13% reduction in brakethermal efficiency and a notable 7.53% cut in nitrogen oxide emissions,while brake specific fuel consumption and carbon monoxide emissionsrose by 1.14% and 3.61%, respectively. These effects of acetone necessitateadditional research to explore its potential as an additive.
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    Analysis of inner flow and outflow characteristics of different scramjet elliptical holes

    Kang ZhangBifeng YinShenghao YuHekun Jia...
    54-70页
    查看更多>>摘要：The elliptical hole has the potential to promote jet breakup and improveatomization and mixing quality. The flow behavior in the nozzle and theoutflow characteristics have an important influence on the atomization andmixing process of the downstream fuel. Therefore, the inner cavitation flowprocesses and outflow characteristics for elliptical holes for scramjet engineat injection pressures of 3 MPa and 5 MPa were investigated using theVolume of Fluid (VOF) method and Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The numericalfindings demonstrated that the cavitation region and vortex structures ofelliptical holes mainly appeared on the long axial plane. The cavitationintensity of elliptical holes was weaker than that of the circular hole.Compared with the circular hole, the gas phase volume fraction of ellipticalhole with the aspect ratio of 4 was reduced by about 22.1 and 21.1%respectively under 3MPa and 5MPa injection pressure. The application ofelliptical holes inhibited the generation of cavitation and had large mass flowrate and flow coefficient. The mass flow rate of the elliptical hole with theaspect ratio of 4 was the largest, and the mass flow rate increased by about5.1% compared with that of the circular hole. Elliptical holes showeda smaller velocity coefficient and a larger area coefficient when cavitationexisted. The elliptical hole with the aspect ratio of 4 held the smallest velocitycoefficient and largest area coefficient, with the difference of 12.1% and18.9% respectively from the circular hole. Another important point wasthat elliptical holes enhanced the turbulent disturbance at the hole outlet,which facilitated the breakup of downstream jet.
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    Improvement of vertical axis wind turbine performance by using the optimized adaptive flap by the Taguchi method

    Himmet Erdi Tanueruen
    71-90页
    查看更多>>摘要：In light of the growing use of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) in urbansettings, research is increasingly focusing on passive control methods to enhanceVAWT efficiency. This study aims to refine VAWT performance by optimizing anadvanced turbine design equipped with an adaptive flap on the blade, focus onthe power coefficient (C_P). Using the Taguchi method, the optimization incorporatedfive control factors: flap position (l_d), flap length (l_f), flap angle (θ), flap tiplength (l_t), and angle of the flap tip length (α_(tip)). The study employed an L_(16) (5~4)orthogonal array design. At a 2.62 tip speed ratio (TSR), all models underwentcomputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The influence of each factor wasassessed using the ANOVA (Analysis of variance), and C_P predictions were madebased on these factors through Regression Analysis (RA). The results revealedoptimal configurations of l_d = 0.65c, l_f = 0.15c, θ = 70°, l_t = 0.06c, and α_(tip) = 8,leading to a CP 74.01% greater than a conventional VAWT. ANOVA ranked factorcontributions as: l_d > l_t > θ > l_f > α_(tip), with l_d contributing 39.58% and α_(tip) only1.34%. Predictions from the RA aligned well with the numerical findings. Inconclusion, the adaptive flap design enhances performance by expanding thewake and amplifying the vortices behind the turbine blade.
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    Numerical analyses on the feasibility of TC type nozzles in ocean thermal energy Conversion turbines

    Qingfen MaJie HuangHui LuHongfeng Luo...
    91-110页
    查看更多>>摘要：The turbine is a crucial component in harnessing ocean thermal energy(OTE), and the impact of the nozzle on turbine performance is significant.TC-profile nozzles have been proven to operate efficiently in air turbinesunder high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. However, their performancein ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) turbines usingorganic working fluids (low-temperature and low-pressure) still requiresfurther research. Therefore, we focused on a practical 100 kW OTEC turbineequipped with different types of TC-profile nozzles. Three-dimensionalnumerical models were established, and the simulation results demonstratedthat the turbine efficiency using TC-3A was generally higher thanother turbines, reaching an optimal efficiency of 89.4%. The turbine canoperate efficiently at deviations from the design point of + 10.27% or−31.39% in mass flow rate, ±3℃ in inlet temperature, and + 20% or−11.43% in rotor speed during off-design conditions. The results revealedthe adaptability of TC-3A nozzles to the OTEC environment and theirexcellent off-design performance. The study could provide valuable guidanceand references for the application of TC-type nozzles in the field ofOTEC turbines.
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    Parametric optimization applied to design a high-performance vaneless-diffuser for CO_2 centrifugal compressor

    Eloy GasparinVitor MattosFabio SaltaraPaulo Eduardo Mello...
    111-130页
    查看更多>>摘要：Carbon-dioxide (CO2) centrifugal compressors are machines with high potential ofusage in power generation plants and oil industry as it achieves high thermalefficiency in the Brayton cycles and contributes to oil production through thecapture and storage of CO_2 (CCS) in EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) systems. Highlevels of static pressure at the outlet are desired for EOR applications, which areusually obtained through the insertion of vanes in the diffuser. This work intends toincrease vaneless-diffuser static pressure recovery by modifying only its meridionalprofile, ensuring a broader range of off-design operation when compared to vaneddiffusers and attending to the fluctuations of mass flow and rotation expected inEOR practical applications. Therefore, a parametric optimization through surrogatemodel coupled to CFD was performed with three different objective functions thatwere submitted to single-optimization through the NSGA-II method: Maximizetotal-to-total polytropic efficiency, minimize total pressure loss coefficient or maximizestatic pressure recovery coefficient. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis wasconducted using Morris Elementary Effects and SS-ANOVA. The results indicatedthat the optimized geometries increased the total-to-total polytropic efficiency by2.9%, reduced the total pressure loss coefficient by 24.0% and increased the staticpressure recovery coefficient at the design point by 11.4%, which is discussed indetail after a careful phenomenology assessment. The strategy adopted in thepresent work through a combination of Sensitivity Analysis, surrogate models andCFD increased the vaneless-diffuser static pressure recovery without the need ofinserting vanes in the diffuser, which avoid instabilities in the equipment andwould restrict its range of off-design operation.
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    Investigating the influence of nano-silica incorporation on mechanical characteristics of steel fiber-reinforced concrete to mitigate solid waste and environmental contamination

    Anbuchezian AshokanRatchagaraja DhairiyasamySilambarasan Rajendaran
    131-147页
    查看更多>>摘要：Using nano-silica and steel micro-fibers in high-strength concrete has gainedattention due to their potential to reduce solid waste and environmentalpollution. In this study, the impact of nano-silica inclusions on the mechanicalproperties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete, referred to as “Micro-Concrete Reinforced with Steel Fibers Embedding Nano-Silica” (MRSFEN),was assessed. MRSFEN mixtures were prepared with 0%, 1%, and 2% nanosilicacontent and 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% steel micro-fiber content. Testsshowed a 17%-32% increase in compressive strength and a 12%-29%increase in tensile strength by adding 1%-2% nano-silica across all fibercontents. Incorporating 1%-3% steel micro-fibers resulted in 18–25 MPahigher compressive strength, 6–12 MPa higher tensile strength, and 10%-35% higher flexural strength relative to non-fiber concrete. However, workabilityreduced by 15%-30% with 3% fiber content. The combined use ofnano-silica and steel micro-fibers enhanced strength and ductility, with theoptimum composition identified as 1% nano-silica with 2% steel micro-fibersbased on the mechanical performance. The results indicate the potential oftailored MRSFEN mixtures to improve the mechanical properties of steelfiber-reinforced concrete, with benefits in reducing solid waste and mitigatingenvironmental contamination.
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    The effect of spray nozzles failure on SO_2 removal efficiency

    Halil Ibrahim GonulMehmet BilenSait Kizgut
    148-159页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study was carried out on an absorber in the body of flue gas desulphurizationsystem (FGD) of a coal-fired power plant. In this study, efficiencylosses caused by the clogging or breaking of the spray nozzles were examined.These abovementioned problems of spray nozzles are the most commonamong the many factors affecting the sulfur retention efficiency.Although energy and exergy analysis is very common to optimize the systemefficiency of FGD units, failure of spray nozzles in absorbers might be themain reason in terms of low FGD units efficiency and low SO_2 removal rates.In this study, firstly locations of clogged or damaged nozzles are determinedby examining a total of 240 nozzles (3 × 80). After the replacement of thebroken spray nozzles, increase in the efficiency of A-B, B-C, A-C andA-B-C spray lines were observed as 9.14%, 3.77%, 10.56%, 9.72%, respectively.Depending on the washing zone of the nozzles, if one nozzle isdamaged, it causes the efficiency to decrease between 0.24% and 0.36%.
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    Evaluating the efficiency of the enhanced ultrasonic–assisted hydrogen peroxide degradation of low–rank coal biogenic gas

    Baihui SongLi WuHuaizhen LiXiaolin Li...
    160-170页
    查看更多>>摘要：The efficiency of biogas formation from low-rank coal was improved throughultrasonic-assisted hydrogen peroxide degradation. We investigated variousaspects of this process, including the mass of the small-molecule organicmatter, changes in the composition of biogas components in three systems,and alterations in the microscopic morphology of coal before and afterbiogas formation. Our analytical methods included UV-vis spectrophotometry,drainage gas collection method, gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy. Optimal pretreatment conditionswere identified with an ultrasonic power of 400 W, a reaction time of 90 min,and a reaction temperature of 60℃. The biogenic methanogenic cycle wasdelineated into three stages, with the raw coal and filtrate systems exhibitingfast and slow gas production stages during the first and second stages,respectively. In contrast, the residual coal system displayed slow and fastgas production stages during these stages. Methane yields were measured at270.72 μmol g~(−1) (raw coal), 303.50 μmol g~(−1) (residual coal), and 293.43 μmolg~(−1) (filtrate). Pretreated coal exhibited biomethane yields (residual coal andfiltrate) approximately 120% higher than untreated raw coal. Notably, thegas-forming potential of the filtrate should not be underestimated.Ultrasonic-assisted hydrogen peroxide pretreatment disrupted the macromolecularreticulation structure within the raw coal, resulting in the openingof a portion of the aromatic ring structure. This innovative approach offersa novel strategy for augmenting biomethane production from low-rank coaland furnishes a scientific foundation for advancing industrial applications.
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