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    Reports from University of Minnesota Advance Knowledge in Machine Learning (Machine Learning In Process Systems Engineering: Challenges and Opportunities)

    94-94页
    查看更多>>摘要：Investigators publish new report on Machine Learning. According to news reporting originating in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, “This ‘white paper’is a concise perspective of the potential of machine learning in the process systems engineering (PSE) domain, based on a session during FIPSE 5, held in Crete, Greece, June 27-29, 2022.” Financial support for this research came from National Science Foundation (NSF). The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from the University of Minnesota, “The session included two invited talks and three short contributed presentations followed by extensive discussions. This paper does not intend to provide a comprehensive review on the subject or a detailed exposition of the discussions; instead its aim is to distill the main points of the discussions and talks, and in doing so, highlight open problems and directions for future research.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “The general conclusion from the session was that machine learning can have a transformational impact on the PSE domain enabling new discoveries and innovations, but research is needed to develop domain-specific techniques for problems in molecular/material design, data analytics, optimization, and control.” This research has been peer-reviewed.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier

    Polish Academy of Sciences Reports Findings in Artificial Intelligence (Advancements in artificial intelligence-driven techniques for interventional cardiology)

    95-95页
    查看更多>>摘要：New research on Artificial Intelligence is the subject of a report. According to news originating from Warsaw, Poland, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “This paper aims to thoroughly discuss the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on clinical practice in interventional cardiology (IC) with special recognition of its most recent advancements. Thus, recent years have been exceptionally abundant in advancements in computational tools, including the development of AI.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Polish Academy of Sciences, “The application of AI development is currently in its early stages, nevertheless new technologies have proven to be a promising concept, particularly considering IC showing great impact on patient safety, risk stratification and outcomes during the whole therapeutic process. The primary goal is to achieve the integration of multiple cardiac imaging modalities, establish online decision support systems and platforms based on augmented and/or virtual realities, and finally to create automatic medical systems, providing electronic health data on patients. In a simplified way, two main areas of AI utilization in IC may be distinguished, namely, virtual and physical. Consequently, numerous studies have provided data regarding AI utilization in terms of automated interpretation and analysis from various cardiac modalities, including electrocardiogram, echocardiography, angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography as well as data collected during robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention procedures.”
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Reports Findings in Urinary Diversion (Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of its differential effect ...)

    96-97页
    查看更多>>摘要：New research on Surgery - Urinary Diversion is the subject of a report. According to news reporting originating from Kunming, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Robot-assisted laparoscopic cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion (iRARC) is increasingly being used in recent years. Whether iRARC offers advantages over open radical cystectomy (ORC) remains controversial.” Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, “This study aimed to compare the difference of perioperative outcomes, oncological outcomes and complications between iRARC and ORC. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CNKI databases were searched in July 2023 according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) statement. Studies were identified to be eligible if they compared perioperative outcomes, oncological outcomes and complications in patients who underwent iRARC with ORC. Twenty-two studies involving 7,020 patients were included. Compared to ORC, iRARC was superior for estimated blood loss [EBL WMD: -555.52; 95% CI, -681.64 to -429.39; P<0.001], blood transfusion rate [OR: 0.16; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.28; P<0.001], length of hospital stay [LOS WMD: -2.05; 95% CI, -2.93 to -1.17; P<0.001], Clavien-Dindo grades Ⅲ complication rate [30d: OR: 0.57; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.75; P<0.001; 90d: OR: 0.71; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.84; P<0.001], and positive surgical margin [PSM OR: 0.65; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.85; P=0.002]. However, iRARC had a longer operative time [OT WMD: 68.54; 95%CI 47.41 to 89.67; P<0.001] and a higher rate of ureteroenteric stricture [ UES OR: 1.56; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.11; P=0.003]. Time to flatus, time to bowel, time to regular diet, readmission rate, Clavien-Dindo grades <Ⅲ complication rate for iRARC were similar to that for ORC. Interestingly, the results of subgroup analysis revealed no difference in EBL between iRARC and ORC when the diversion type was neobladder. When the ileal conduit was selected as the diversion type, the LOS was similar in both procedures. Robot-assisted laparoscopic cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion appears to be superior to open radical cystectomy in terms of effectiveness and safety.”
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Data on Robotics Reported by Researchers at Chinese Academy of Sciences (Guidewire Endpoint Detection Based On Pixel-adjacent Relation During Robot-assisted Intravascular Catheterization: In Vivo Mammalian Models)

    97-98页
    查看更多>>摘要：New research on Robotics is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx editors, research stated, “Existing surgical guidewire endpoint localization methods in X-ray images face challenges owing to their small size, simple appearance, nonrigid nature of objects, low signal-to-noise ratio of X-ray images, and imbalance between the number of guidewire and background pixels, which lead to errors in surgical navigation. An eight-neighborhood-based method for increasing the localization accuracy of guidewire endpoint to improve the safety of interventional procedures is proposed herein.” Financial supporters for this research include National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), National Key Research and Development Plan, Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen Advanced Animal Study Service Center, AAS.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Ningbo University of Finance and Economics Reports Findings in Artificial Intelligence (Dynamics of labor and capital in AI vs. non- AI industries: A two-industry model analysis)

    98-99页
    查看更多>>摘要：New research on Artificial Intelligence is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of Ningbo, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx editors, the research stated, “There is an imbalance in the development of artificial intelligence between industries. Compared to non-AI enterprise, AI- enterprise will save labor, enhance innovation capabilities, and improve production efficiency.” Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, “By constructing a two-industry model of AI and non-AI enterprise, this paper finds that with the development of artificial intelligence in the same industry, the AI enterprise will occupy a dominant position, attracting labor and capital from the non-AI enterprise into the AI enterprise. In different industries, the development of artificial intelligence improves the production efficiency of the enterprise. However, due to the price effect, non-AI enterprise benefits more. Labor and capital flow from AI enterprise to non-AI enterprise. In order to promote the improvement of production efficiency in the whole society, the government can tax non-AI enterprise and subsidize them to AI enterprise. Taxation promotes the degree of automation and the improvement of production efficiency, but it has only a short-term effect on the development of AI. At the same time, taxation inhibits the development of non-AI enterprise, and there is a high risk of unemployment. When both industries use artificial intelligence for production, the labor share and the capital share of the two industries will tend to the same value.”
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Researcher from Northeastern University Reports Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of Artificial Intelligence (Doubly stochastic subdomain mining with sample reweighting for unsupervised domain adaptive person re-identification)

    99-99页
    查看更多>>摘要：Investigators publish new report on artificial intelligence. According to news reporting out of Shenyang, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx editors, research stated, “Clustering-based unsupervised domain adaptive person re-identification methods have achieved remarkable progress.” Our news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Northeastern University: “However, existing works are easy to fall into local minimum traps due to the optimization of two variables, feature representation and pseudo labels. Besides, the model can also be hurt by the inevitable false assignment of pseudo labels. In order to solve these problems, we propose the Doubly Stochastic Subdomain Mining (DSSM) to prevent the nonconvex optimization from falling into local minima in this paper. And we also design a novel reweighting algorithm based on the similarity correlation coefficient between samples which is referred to as Maximal Heterogeneous Similarity (MHS), it can reduce the adverse effect caused by noisy labels.”
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Research from University of Edinburgh Broadens Understanding of Machine Learning (Designing optimal behavioral experiments using machine learning)

    99-100页
    查看更多>>摘要：Investigators publish new report on artificial intelligence. According to news originating from Edinburgh, United Kingdom, by NewsRx editors, the research stated, “Computational models are powerful tools for understanding human cognition and behavior. They let us express our theories clearly and precisely and offer predictions that can be subtle and often counter-intuitive.” Funders for this research include University of Edinburgh; Epsrc Centre For Doctoral Training in Data Science. Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from University of Edinburgh: “However, this same richness and ability to surprise means our scientific intuitions and traditional tools are ill-suited to designing experiments to test and compare these models. To avoid these pitfalls and realize the full potential of computational modeling, we require tools to design experiments that provide clear answers about what models explain human behavior and the auxiliary assumptions those models must make. Bayesian optimal experimental design (BOED) formalizes the search for optimal experimental designs by identifying experiments that are expected to yield informative data. In this work, we provide a tutorial on leveraging recent advances in BOED and machine learning to find optimal experiments for any kind of model that we can simulate data from, and show how by-products of this procedure allow for quick and straightforward evaluation of models and their parameters against real experimental data. As a case study, we consider theories of how people balance exploration and exploitation in multi-armed bandit decision-making tasks. We validate the presented approach using simulations and a real-world experiment. As compared to experimental designs commonly used in the literature, we show that our optimal designs more efficiently determine which of a set of models best account for individual human behavior, and more efficiently characterize behavior given a preferred model.”
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL

    Dalian University of Technology Researcher Publishes Findings in Robotics (Fixed-time sliding mode estimator-based distributed formation control for multiple nonholonomic mobile robots)

    100-101页
    查看更多>>摘要：New research on robotics is the subject of a new report. According to news originating from Dalian, People’s Republic of China, by NewsRx editors, the research stated, “This paper proposes a fixed-time estimator-based distributed formation controller for a system consisting of multiple nonholonomic mobile robots, taking into consideration the stability of individuals and the effectiveness of internal communication.” Funders for this research include National Key Research And Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Fundamental Research Funds For The Central Universities. The news editors obtained a quote from the research from Dalian University of Technology: “The desired trajectory of the formation is given by the virtual leader whose state is available only to some followers, and the information interaction within the followers is localized. To begin with, a distributed fixed-time sliding mode estimator is designed for each follower to estimate the state information of the virtual leader within a fixed time. Subsequently, based on the estimator, a formation controller is designed according to the trajectory tracking error of each follower.”
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Sage

    Study Results from Nanyang Technological University Provide New Insights into Robotics (Untethered Soft Robots for Future Planetary Explorations?)

    101-102页
    查看更多>>摘要：Research findings on Robotics are discussed in a new report. According to news reporting from Singapore, Singapore, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, “In recent years, robotic vehicles have been deployed for planetary exploration purposes, surveying extraterrestrial terrains in search for possible signs of life and also to learn more about these unfamiliar worlds. While deploying robotic technologies for such space missions represents a significant milestone for humanity, these untethered robots may have limited dexterity and robustness due to them having rigid bodies.” Financial support for this research came from Nanyang Technological University. The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Nanyang Technological University, “Therefore, there is potential to send untethered soft robots that are far more dexterous, robust, and functional than their rigid counterparts for planetary explorations in the future. Herein, some of the key advantages of deploying untethered soft robots for future planetary explorations are discussed. Also, some brief insights into how the environmental conditions on extraterrestrial terrains may affect the actuation, fabrication, and locomotion of soft robots are provided.”
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Wiley

    Study Results from University of Ljubljana Provide New Insights into Artificial Intelligence (Towards Improved Knowledge About Waterrelated Extremes Based On News Media Information Captured Using Artificial Intelligence)

    102-103页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fresh data on Artificial Intelligence are presented in a new report. According to news originating from Ljubljana, Slovenia, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, “Recent advances in machine learning have enabled near real-time retrieval of information from textual documents impacting a wide range of knowledge domains. This advantage makes of the insight extracted from text-based documents (e.g., reports and news) on water-related events an invaluable source of information that complements traditional approaches.” Funders for this research include European Commission Joint Research Centre, Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency, University of Ljubljana by Development Fund for UNESCO Chair on Water-related Disaster Risk Reduction, European Research Council (ERC). Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the University of Ljubljana, “By leveraging machine learning, we can not only characterize the event and determine its magnitude or phases of extreme weather event, but also identify its core elements. This is especially crucial in the current era of climate change, where extreme weather events such as floods or thunderstorms are becoming more frequent and unpredictable. By improving our ability to detect and analyse such events, we can enhance our alert systems and take more effective action to mitigate their impact. In this paper we discuss the role of worldwide media observation in extracting and estimating hydrological characteristics of floods, droughts, and heat waves, through the analysis of three case studies, complementing the information provided by traditional monitoring and measurement methods as an earlier but weaker signal. The results presented in this study indicate that the news media signal can be regarded as relatively good proxy of flood dynamics. It can capture the temporal dynamics of the event, and, in some cases, there could be a clear up to 1-day lag between the peak discharge values (i.e., the most extreme flood situation) and the peak in the number of published news. This lag can be attributed to the time needed by journalists to respond to the situation in publishing related news articles covering the event. Our result show that national and regional news can cover well local events. When compared to floods, drought conditions are less explicitly detected from the media. Our result show that European April 2022 drought did not produce much activity in the media while the combination of drought and extreme heat in July 2022 yielded a significant media coverage throughout the Europe. Hence, this can be attributed to the fact that hydrological drought such as low river flows do not attract much attention by the media unless there is a significant impact on the society.”
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • Elsevier