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    University of Bristol Reports Findings in Gene Therapy (Exploring bias risks in artificial intelligence and targeted medicines manufacturing)

    19-20页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Biotechnology - Gene T herapy is the subject of a report. According to news reporting originating in Br istol, United Kingdom, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "Though artificia l intelligence holds great value for healthcare, it may also amplify health ineq ualities through risks of bias. In this paper, we explore bias risks in targeted medicines manufacturing." Financial support for this research came from Future Targeted Healthcare Manufac turing (FTHM) Hub. The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from the University of Bri stol, "Targeted medicines manufacturing refers to the act of making medicines ta rgeted to individual patients or to subpopulations of patients within a general group, which can be achieved, for example, by means of cell and gene therapies. These manufacturing processes are increasingly reliant on digitalised systems wh ich can be controlled by artificial intelligence algorithms. Whether and how bia s might turn up in the process, however, is uncertain due to the novelty of the development. Examining stakeholder views across bioethics, precision medicine, a nd artificial intelligence, we document a range of opinions from eleven semi-str uctured interviews about the possibility of bias in AI-driven targeted therapies manufacturing. Findings show that bias can emerge in upstream (research and dev elopment) and downstream (medicine production) processes when manufacturing targ eted medicines. However, interviewees emphasized that downstream processes, part icularly those not relying on patient or population data, may have lower bias ri sks. The study also identified a spectrum of bias meanings ranging from negative and ambivalent to positive and productive. Notably, some participants highlight ed the potential for certain biases to have productive moral value in correcting health inequalities. This idea of ‘corrective bias' problematizes the conventio nal understanding of bias as primarily a negative concept defined by systematic error or unfair outcomes and suggests potential value in capitalizing on biases to help address health inequalities."
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    Royal London Hospital Reports Findings in Psoriatic Arthritis (AI in Psoriatic D isease: Scoping Review)

    20-21页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Autoimmune Diseases an d Conditions - Psoriatic Arthritis is the subject of a report. According to news reporting out of London, United Kingdom, by NewsRx editors, research stated, "A rtificial intelligence (AI) has many applications in numerous medical fields, in cluding dermatology. Although the majority of AI studies in dermatology focus on skin cancer, there is growing interest in the applicability of AI models in inf lammatory diseases, such as psoriasis." Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Royal London Hospit al, "Psoriatic disease is a chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated systemic cond ition with multiple comorbidities and a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Advanced treatments, including biologics and small molecules, have tran sformed the management of psoriatic disease. Nevertheless, there are still consi derable unmet needs. Globally, delays in the diagnosis of the disease and its se verity are common due to poor access to health care systems. Moreover, despite t he abundance of treatments, we are unable to predict which is the right medicati on for the right patient, especially in resource-limited settings. AI could be a n additional tool to address those needs. In this way, we can improve rates of d iagnosis, accurately assess severity, and predict outcomes of treatment. This st udy aims to provide an up-to-date literature review on the use of AI in psoriati c disease, including diagnostics and clinical management as well as addressing t he limitations in applicability. We searched the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase using the keywords ‘AI AND psoriasis OR psoriatic arthritis OR psoriatic disease,' ‘machine learning AND psoriasis OR psoriatic arthritis OR psoriatic di sease,' and ‘prognostic model AND psoriasis OR psoriatic arthritis OR psoriatic disease' until June 1, 2023. Reference lists of relevant papers were also cross- examined for other papers not detected in the initial search. Our literature sea rch yielded 38 relevant papers. AI has been identified as a key component in dig ital health technologies. Within this field, there is the potential to apply spe cific techniques such as machine learning and deep learning to address several a spects of managing psoriatic disease. This includes diagnosis, particularly usef ul for remote teledermatology via photographs taken by patients as well as monit oring and estimating severity. Similarly, AI can be used to synthesize the vast data sets already in place through patient registries which can help identify ap propriate biologic treatments for future cohorts and those individuals most like ly to develop complications. There are multiple advantageous uses for AI and dig ital health technologies in psoriatic disease."
      原文链接:
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    Research Conducted at Victoria University Wellington Has Provided New Informatio n about Machine Learning (Modular Multitree Genetic Programming for Evolutionary Feature Construction for Regression)

    21-22页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Investigators publish new report on Ma chine Learning. According to news reporting originating in Wellington, New Zeala nd, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "Evolutionary feature construction i s a key technique in evolutionary machine learning, with the aim of constructing high-level features that enhance performance of a learning algorithm. In real-w orld applications, engineers typically construct complex features based on a com bination of basic features, reusing those features as modules." Funders for this research include Marsden Fund (NZ), Science for Technological I nnovation Challenge (SfTI) Fund, New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation an d Employment (MBIE), Huayin Medical, New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovatio n and Employment (MBIE). The news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Victoria University W ellington, "However, modularity in evolutionary feature construction is still an open research topic. This article tries to fill that gap by proposing a modular and hierarchical multitree genetic programming (GP) algorithm that allows trees to use the output values of other trees, thereby representing expressive featur es in a compact form. Based on this new representation, we propose a macro paren t-repair strategy to reduce redundant and irrelevant features, a macro crossover operator to preserve interactive features, and an adaptive control strategy for crossover and mutation rates to dynamically balance the tradeoff between explor ation and exploitation. A comparison with seven bloat control methods on 98 regr ession datasets shows that the proposed modular representation achieves signific antly better results in terms of test performance and smaller model size."
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    Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Reports Findings in Rob otics (Impact of robotic surgery on postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction f ollowing minimally invasive colorectal surgery: incidence, risk factors, and ... )

    22-23页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on Robotics is the subjec t of a report. According to news reporting out of Liuzhou, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx editors, research stated, "Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfu nction (POGD) is a common complication following colorectal surgery. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of POGD after minimally inva sive surgery and to assess the relationship between robotic surgery, POGD, and t heir outcomes." Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from the Fourth Affiliat ed Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, "Patients who had undergone minimally invasive colorectal surgery at our institution between July 2018 and November 2 023 were retrospectively enrolled. POGD was diagnosed based on the presence of t wo or more intestinal symptoms within 72 h or more after surgery. Risk factors w ere identified through regression analyses, and the impact of POGD on outcomes w as assessed using linear regression.The association between those factors was as sessed using subgroup analysis and hierarchical regression. A total of 226 patie nts were included in the analysis, including 33 with POGD. POGD occurred in 14.6 % of patients, with a lower incidence in robotic surgery (7.3% ) than in laparoscopic surgery (19.8 %). Multivariate analysis indic ated that robotic surgery had a protective effect, while blood loss exceeding 50 ml was an independent risk factor for POGD. POGD was also correlated with longe r length of stays and higher costs. The association between POGD, length of stay , and cost varied depending on the surgical platform. Robotic surgery exacerbate d the effect of POGD on short-term outcomes, which aligned with the observed sig nificant interaction effect. POGD remains a prevalent postoperative disease."
      原文链接:
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    University of Sevilla Researchers Add New Study Findings to Research in Artifici al Intelligence (Possibilities and challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the teaching and learning process of Journalism Writing. The experience in Spanish . ..)

    23-24页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Current study results on artificial in telligence have been published. According to news originating from the Universit y of Sevilla by NewsRx editors, the research stated, "The research aims to asses s the possibilities and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) for the devel opment of the teaching and learning of journalistic writing techniques in the un iversity educational context." Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from University of Sevilla: "The main objective consists of analysing the abilities of AI to solve the compo sition of different journalistic texts¸ both informative and opinion, and the qu ality of the result, as well as other applications of AI in journalistic writing . The text tries to contribute to the knowledge on the use of AI by teachers and students in the teaching and learning process. A mixed methodology has been use d to develop the research: on the one hand, descriptive and comparative, based o n surveys to university professors in Spain specialised in this subject and to s tudents taking related contents in their studies, also in this context; on the o ther hand, an experimental research is included among professors trained in the field of Journalistic Writing, who are asked for the qualified correction of an exam, anonymous, actually carried out with the AI system, ChatGPT. After weighin g the results, each of them is interviewed in depth about the quality of the tex ts, their strengths, and weaknesses. The results show that AI is beginning to be used in the university context by students and professors. In the specific fiel d of journalistic writing, its use for the moment is limited to assisting tasks in the writing process or suggesting topics, while the automatic generation of c ontent is not widely accepted due to the ethical implications that it entails, e specially those related to the originality of content."
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    Findings on Robotics Detailed by Investigators at Southeast University (Mobility and Kinematic Bifurcation Analysis of Origami Plate Structures)

    24-25页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Investigators discuss new findings in Robotics. According to news reporting originating in Nanjing, People's Republic of China, by NewsRx journalists, research stated, "Bifurcation behavior analysis is the key part of mobility in the application of origami-inspired deployable s tructures because it opens up more allosteric possibilities but leads to control difficulties. A novel tracking method for bifurcation paths is proposed based o n the Jacobian matrix equations of the constraint system and its Taylor expansio n equations." Financial supporters for this research include The work presented in this articl e was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1937202 and 51878147) and Civil Aerospace Technology Research Project, China (D 030202)., National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), Civil Aerospace T echnology Research Project, China.
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    Studies Conducted at Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications on Robotic s Recently Published (A Petri nets-based modeling method for multi robot path pl anning)

    25-26页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Research findings on robotics are disc ussed in a new report. According to news originating from Xi'an University of Po sts and Telecommunications by NewsRx editors, the research stated, "The construc tion of lunar bases is one of the core enabling technologies in current lunar ex ploration and development plans of various countries." Our news reporters obtained a quote from the research from Xi'an University of P osts and Telecommunications: "However, to eliminate the constraints of high tran sportation costs and limited manned space technology, a new research plan is to employ multi robot teams to build lunar bases. The key to this solution is how t o achieve path planning for complex tasks for multiple robots. Therefore, this a rticle takes the exploration and collection area, lunar soil collection, and lun ar soil transportation in the lunar base construction scene as complex task inpu ts, and studies a multi robot path planning modeling method based on Petri net m odel. Firstly, a Petri net model for multi robot motion was constructed. Meanwhi le, linear temporal logic(LTL) language was used to describe the related tasks o f lunar base construction. Finally, simulation validation was conducted in Matla b software and compared with the modeling method using switching systems."
      原文链接:
    • NETL
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    Study Findings from University Health Network Provide New Insights into Lupus (S ystemic Lupus Erythematosus Phenotypes Formed From Machine Learning With a Speci fic Focus On Cognitive Impairment)

    26-27页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Data detailed on Autoimmune Diseases a nd Conditions - Lupus have been presented. According to news reporting out of To ronto, Canada, by NewsRx editors, research stated, "To phenotype SLE based on sy mptom burden (disease damage, system involvement and patient reported outcomes), with a specific focus on objective and subjective cognitive function. SLE patie nts ages 18-65 years underwent objective cognitive assessment using the ACR Neur opsychological Battery (ACR-NB) and data were collected on demographic and clini cal variables, disease burden/activity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), depression, anxiety, fatigue and perceived cognitive deficits." Funders for this research include Arthritis Society of Canada, Canadian Institut es of Health Research (CIHR), Physician's Services Incorporated, Province of Ont ario Early Research Award, Lupus Research Alliance.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
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    Studies from Bentley University Yield New Information about Robotics (The Impact of Consumer Socioeconomic Status On Their Preferences for Human Versus Robot Se rvice Agents In Luxury Shopping Contexts)

    27-28页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-Investigators discuss new findings in Robotics. According to news reporting out of Waltham, Massachusetts, by NewsRx e ditors, research stated, "Service industries are increasingly utilizing service robots to substitute or collaborate with human service providers. Extant literat ure mainly focuses on studying the usability of service robots and found that co nsumers with high socioeconomic status (SES) have an advantage in adopting new t echnology, given their high educational level and abundant resources." Our news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Bentley University, "However, little research has paid attention to the psychological preference of low SES consumers when facing the choice of service robots and human service ag ents. This research investigates how consumers' SES influences their concerns an d expectations when facing interpersonal interactions in services and, in turn, affects their preferences for service agents (robot vs. human). Across four stud ies, we found that low SES consumers are more concerned of being evaluated by hu man service agents in luxury shopping contexts, leading to the preference for in teracting with service robots. In contrast, high SES consumers display a higher expectation of receiving preferential treatment from human service agents, but i t does not increase high SES consumers' preference for human service agents over service robots. Furthermore, we found that varying the service environment (i.e ., a store located in a neighborhood matches with low SES consumers' status) att enuated low SES consumers' preference for service robots."
      原文链接:
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    Researchers from Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Detail Research in Robotics and A rtificial Intelligence (Psychophysics of user acceptance of social cyber-physica l systems)

    28-28页
    查看更多>>摘要：By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Robotics & Machine Learning Daily News Daily News-New research on robotics and artificia l intelligence is the subject of a new report. According to news reporting origi nating from Sofia, Bulgaria, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "A mini- review of the literature, supporting the view on the psychophysical origins of s ome user acceptance effects of cyber-physical systems (CPSs), is presented and d iscussed in this paper." The news editors obtained a quote from the research from Bulgarian Academy of Sc iences: "Psychophysics implies the existence of a lawful functional dependence b etween some aspect/dimension of the stimulation from the environment, entering t he senses of the human, and the psychological effect that is being produced by t his stimulation, as reflected in the subjective responses. Several psychophysica l models are discussed in this mini-review, aiming to support the view that the observed effects of reactance to a robot or the uncanny valley phenomenon are es sentially the same subjective effects of different intensity. Justification is p rovided that human responses to technologically and socially ambiguous stimuli o bey some regularity, which can be considered a lawful dependence in a psychophys ical sense."
      原文链接:
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    • NSTL