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Journal of environmental biology
Journal of Environmental Biology
Journal of environmental biology

Journal of Environmental Biology

季刊

0254-8704

Journal of environmental biology/Journal Journal of environmental biologySCIISTPESCI
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    Utilization of mosses in metropolitan green spaces: A biological way to lessen temperature and contamination

    Afroz Alam
    ⅰ-ⅱ页
    查看更多>>摘要：The difficulties of air pollution, heat islands, and biodiversity impairment are worsening due to indiscrimenate growth and expansion of metropolises. Amongst the concrete jungles, one species of organism stands out as a potential confederate in dealing with these issues: Mosses, commonly known as bryophytes along with liverworts and hornworts, are typically ignored but provide incomparable aid to improve metropolitan environments. Comprising select moss species in metropolitan green zones may deliver a supportable, organic response to some of the most tenacious metropolitan complications. Mosses have an exclusive capacity to engross and clean airborne pollutants. Mosses have perhaps the best air purifying and oxygenating abilities in comparison to other plants, thereby providing one of the best natural air filters, serving to clean the air. Mosses have natural capacity to engross and metabolize fine dirt, altering hazardous particles into natural and harmless biomass, besides conserving and dispersing large amount of moistness, which freshens the air. The species that have been evaluated for their air-purifying capabilities are Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm., Barbula unguiculata Hedw. and Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. Interestingly, all these species are almost cosmopolitan in distribution with a broad habitat range, including metropolitan areas (Katia et al., 2025).
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    Eco-friendly fabrication principles of microbial fuel cells using nanotechnology principles for the sustainable energy production-A review

    T. AbiraamavalliS. Karthick Raja Namasivayam
    319-328页
    查看更多>>摘要：A promising environmentally friendly bioenergy device called a microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses bacterial biofilms as biocatalysts to convert organic matter into power.Because MFCs provide potentially new prospects for sustainable energy production from biodegradable and reusable waste materials, their design and use have drawn significant attention. However, novel fabrication methods should be needed for an effective functioning of Microbial fuel cell. The present study explores the concepts of nanotechnology principles for MFC fabrication which can be used to enhance the performance of MFC. The integration of nanotechnology principles into MFC fabrication offers exciting prospects for advancing sustainable energy and environmental technologies. Methods for improving MFC performance by altering the conventional fabrication techniques of the components for rapid transfer of electrons, improved conductivity, corrosion resistance, biofilm adhesion and biocompatibility with nanotechnology principles has discussed. Role of nanomaterials like nanoparticles, nano tubes and nanocomposites mainly polymeric nanocomposites in fabrication technology explored clearly. Afurther study will help in addressing the main challenge in scaling up MFCs, which is the external energy required to begin the circuit to extract energy and investigating the long-term impact of nanocomposite-based MFCs on ecosystems.Continued research and innovation in this field are essential for realizing the full potential of nanomaterial-based MFCs in practical applications.
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    Methionine supplementation improves freezability of Jamnapari Buck semen

    K. AlamS. SrivastavaS.K. VermaA. K. Verma...
    329-335页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aim: The study aimed to assess the effect of methionine supplementation as a semen additive to augment the freezability of Jamnapari buck semen. Methodology: Atotal of forty-eight ejaculates were collected from four Jamnapari bucks (n=12×4) twice a week using an artificial vagina from October to November 2023. The sperm concentration was estimated using a photometer and semen was diluted with tris-citrate-fructose-yolk extender and divided into four equal aliquots (control, T1, T2 and T3) and methionine was added @ 0,2,2.5, and 5.0 mM in C., T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The post-diluted and frozen-thawed semen was evaluated for sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, sperm abnormalities, sperm plasma membrane integrity, sperm penetration distance, and enzyme leakage (AST, ALT, ACP and AKP). Results: Methionine applied @ 2.0 and 5.0 mM in the extender seemed to be less effective at maintaining sperm structural integrity and functionality in comparison to the 2.5 mM treatment. The inclusion of 2.5 mM methionine has significantly enhanced the freezability of Jamnapari buck semen. Interpretation: In conclusion, methionine in tris-citrate-fructose-yolk extender can improve the sperm quality and fertility potential of post-thawed spermatozoa of Jamnapari buck.
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    First report on biometric parameters and life-history priors of whitespot sandsmelt Parapercis alboguttata (Gunther, 1872) from North-eastern Arabian Sea

    N.K. SuyaniD.T. VaghelaR. MridulaK. M. Rajesh...
    336-348页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the sex ratio, biometric characteristics, and life-history traits oiParapercis alboguttata along North-eastern Arabian Sea. Methodology: The statistical analysis of sex ratio, morpho-meristic characteristics, length-weight relationships, condition factors, and life-history features of P. alboguttata were examined for one year from September 2022 to August 2023 for both sexes. Results: The mean sex ratio manifested male dominance (1F∶1.29M), which significantly deviated from the 1∶1 ratio (x~2=6.891; p＜0.05). All the 29 morphometric characteristics subjected to univariate ANOVA showed significant (p＜0.001) differences between male and female specimens. Head morphometrics found in the intermediate to environmentally controlled category suggested that these characteristics were inconsistent. Allometric morphometric relationships revealed isometry with TL and allometry with HL for most morphometric parameters. The b value of length-weight relationships of combined sexes depicted significant (p＜0.05) deviation from 3 indicating hypoallometric growth (b＜3) with absolute fitness of growth model (r~2＞0.982). Mean relative condition factor was found near unity (≈1) in different month and size groups. Corporeal status based on allometric condition factor proclaimed that the species spawn twice a year from October to December and April to August. Sex ratio in different size groups and size at first sexual maturity (L_m) revealed that P. alboguttata is a protogynous hermaphrodite. Interpretation: The current findings proclaimed that the stock is likely to be overfished due to large removal of mega-spawners.Therefore, the study recommends the optimum harvest size of the species between 15.8 and 19.3 cm, to ensure the sustainability of the whitespot sandsmelt fishery.
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    Investigating the potential of Bismuth vanadate to combat multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

    V. AswathyS. SajithR. ShakilaS. Vijayanand...
    349-356页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aim: This study investigated the efficiency of BiVO_4 nanoparticles (BiVO_4NPs) against drug-resistant bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methodology: The study employed a multifaceted approach, evaluating the ablity of BiVO_4 NPs to inhibit bacterial growth, reduce viable cell counts over time, and hinder biofilm formation. Furthermore, the investigation explored the NPs impact on virulence factors using protease and hemolysin inhibition assays. Results: The findings showed the potent efficacy of BiVO_4 NPs against A. baumannii and MRSA. Notable results included the formation of clear inhibition zones up to 19 and 15 mm, indicating the antimicrobial activity against both pathogens. BiVO_4 NPs also effectively inhibited biofilm formation, reduced bacterial adherence, and inhibited virulence factors, underscoring their potential as effective agents against drug-resistant bacteria and suggesting promising applications in medical implants and anti-microbial research. Interpretation: Overall, this study provides compelling evidence supporting the potential use of BiVO_4 Nps as an antimicrobial agent and a promising candidate for addressing various human health concerns.
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    Trait association analysis under abiotic stresses in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. & Coss.): Unraveling relationships and significance

    K. SrivastavaS. SahaR.K. VermaA. Patel...
    357-364页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aim: The present study was conducted to estimate the character association among yield and its associated traits and identify tolerant genotypes of Indian mustard under abiotic stress condition. Methodology: 70 genotypes and 5 check varieties of Indian mustard, viz., RH-749, NRCHB-101, RH-406, Giriraj, and Kranti were sown in augmented block design, for two consecutive seasons during Rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22, under three conditions, viz., timely sown, drought and late sown (terminal heat stress) at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The morphological and physiological data were observed to determine the traits associated with seed yield under abiotic stress condition. The heat susceptibility index (HSI) and drought susceptibility index (DSI) were calculated based on seed yield to categorize genotypes according to their response under stress condition. Results: Plant height, biological yield, secondary branches, number of silique on main raceme and silique per plant showed significant positive correlation with seed yield per plant under all three conditions, and the highest positive direct effect on seed yield/plant under all three conditions as per path analysis was exhibited by biological yield and harvest index. Genotypes viz., HUJM-07-06, PM-25 and Vaibhav were found to be most heat tolerant whereas Urvashi, RB-50 and BPR-543-2 were found to be most drought tolerant. Interpretation: It can be interpreted that direct selection for such traits may aid in improving seed yield per plant under stress condition and thus, be used in breeding programs to select genotypes suitable under stress environment.
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    Diallel analysis of growth trait inheritance in mulberry (Morus sp.)

    K.R. HarikaS. SusikaranP. TejasreeB. K. M. Bharathi...
    365-372页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aim: To assess the combining abilities of four mulberry genotypes to identify genetic variations that can enhance growth traits and improve hybridization outcomes. Ultimately, the study aims to optimize parental selection for better production in mulberry and bringing advancements in mulberry breeding. Methodology: Griffing approach of full diallel mating design (Model 1 and Method 1) was used where parents, F1 hybrids and F1 hybrids reciprocals were included. Results: V1 and MR2 excelled in general combining ability (GCA) for growth traits. Positive specific combining effects (SCA) were observed in V1×G4 and G4×V1 crosses. Higher specific combing ability variance and significant reciprocal combing ability (RCA) indicate strong non-additive gene action and maternal inheritance. Interpretation: The study highlights V1 and MR2 as superior combiners with high positive GCA, emphasizing the importance of parent interactions. Non-additive gene action, indicated by higher SCA variance, suggests focusing on these interactions for breeding. The crosses V1×G4 and G4×V1 showed strong SCA effects, offering promise for improving growth and mulberry productivity in sericulture.
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    Genetic variability, association and principal component analysis for agronomical traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

    A. MishraC.M. SinghV. SharmaH. Kumar...
    373-381页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aim: This study aimed to assess the extent of genetic variability in 205 diverse green gram genotypes for agronomical traits and to identify the most effective traits for consideration in development of high yielding cultivars in mungbean. Methodology: The 205 diverse genotype including five checks of mungbean were evaluated in augmented block design-I with eight blocks. In each block, the 30 genotypes (25 genotypes + 5 checks) were grown in paired rows of 4 m length with 45 × 10 cm spacing. The mean data from selected plants across all the genotypes and checks were analyzed for genetic variability parameters (PCV, GCV, h_(bs)~2, GAM), Correlation, Path Analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: The high estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability (h_(bs)~2) along with high genetic advance over mean were observed for number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster,number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant. The present study indicated that seed yield per plant had significant and positive correlation with harvest index, biological yield per plant, number of pods per plant and number of pods per cluster, and also highly influenced by these traits both directly and indirectly. PCA analysis revealed that out of thirteen principal components, five Pcs (PC1 to PC5) had eigenvalue of ＞1.0 explaining 19.20%, 16.10%, 11.90%, 10.70% and 8.10%, respectively, accounted for 66% of total variation indicated the strong association of PCs and traits studied. PCA suggested that traits such as vegetative period, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant and harvest index were the principal discriminatory traits. Interpretation: It is suggested that selection based on harvest index, biological yield per plant, number of pods per plant and number of pods per cluster may result in improvement of seed yield in mungbean.
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    Evaluation of diverse okra germplasm for identification of source of resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

    B.H. GawadeZ. KhanK.K. GangopadhyayC.D. Pandey...
    382-388页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aim: The present study was carried out to identify the okra germplasm resistant to root-knot nematode for cost effective and environment friendly management of root-knot-nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Methodology: A total of 239 diverse accessions (acc.) of okra were evaluated under net house conditions. Experiments were conducted in 10 cm diameter pots filled with 500 g soil with challenge inoculation of 1000 second stage juveniles of root-knot nematodes. Resistance assessment was done after 42 days of inoculation based on the number of root galls developed. The resistant accessions were identified and re-evaluated under controlled conditions to validate the resistance. Results: Based on root galling index, host response of 239 accessions (acc.) was observed as Immune (0 acc), resistant (8 acc), moderately resistant (19 acc), moderately susceptible (28 acc), susceptible (145 acc) and highly susceptible (46 acc). Repeated evaluation of 8 resistant accessions of okra (EC306737, EC305619, EC360672, EC360927, IC022232, IC117074, IC255758 and IC39140) showed consistent root-knot nematode resistance by these accessions. Final population and reproduction factor of root-knot nematode were found significantly low in identified resistant accessions. Interpretation: These eight identified accessions are novel for root-knot nematode resistance and therefore, important for future use in crop breeding programmes for root-knot nematode resistance in okra.
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    Distribution and molecular characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Aceria guerreronis associated with coconut

    A. SudhaP.S. KavithaM. RajeshG. Preetha...
    389-399页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aim: A survey was conducted in major coconut-growing areas of Tamil Nadu in order to determine the presence of a fungus Aceria guerreronis, and a mite Lasiodiplodia theobromae and their interactive effects. The objective of the study was to ascertain the interaction, pathogenicity and cross infectivity reaction to infection. Methodology: Pathogenicity studies demonstrated the intensity of pest incidence, both individually and in combination, through morphological and molecular studies. Interestingly, interactions in a few crops were confirmed through PCR amplification. Results: The survey revealed a significant positive correlation between mite and fungus infestations and GPS location (x~2 = 2114.22, df = 1; P ＜ 0.001). Molecular studies identified product sizes of 347 bp for Lasiodiplodia theobromae KKLT01 and 500 bp for Aceria guerreronis KKAG01. Cross-infectivity tests demonstrated that toddy palm and arecanut experienced the same effects as coconut, which was confirmed through PCR amplification. Interpretation: The present study shows that apart from mite infestation, the fungus also play a major role in increasing infestation and the interaction was positively correlated for cross infectivity. The results of the present study will help to restructure the existing management strategy.
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