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动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）/Journal Animal NutritionCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
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    Selenomethionine alleviates chronic heat stress-induced breast muscle injury and poor meat quality in broilers via relieving mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress

    Jinzhong JingJiayi WangXiaoyu XiangShenggang Yin...
    363-375页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the present study,the chronic heat stress(CHS)broiler model was developed to investigate the po-tential protection mechanism of organic selenium(selenomethionine,SeMet)on CHS-induced skeletal muscle growth retardation and poor meat quality.Four hundred Arbor Acres male broilers(680±70 g,21 d old)were grouped into 5 treatments with 8 replicates of 10 broilers per replicate.Broilers in the control group were raised in a thermoneutral environment(22±2 ℃)and fed with a basal diet.The other four treatments were exposed to hyperthermic conditions(33±2 ℃,24 h in each day)and fed on the basal diet supplied with SeMet at 0.0,0.2,0.4,and 0.6 mg Se/kg,respectively,for 21 d.Results showed that CHS reduced(P＜0.05)the growth performance,decreased(P＜0.05)the breast muscle weight and impaired the meat quality of breast muscle in broilers.CHS induced protein metabolic disorder in breast muscle,which increased(P＜0.05)the expression of caspase 3,caspase 8,caspase 9 and ubiquitin proteasome system related genes,while decreased the protein expression of P-4EBP1.CHS also decreased the antioxidant capacity and induced mitochondrial stress and endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in breast muscle,which increased(P＜0.05)the ROS levels,decreased the concentration of ATP,increased the protein expression of HSP60 and CLPX,and increased(P＜0.05)the expression of ER stress bio-markers.Dietary SeMet supplementation linearly increased(P＜0.05)breast muscle Se concentration and exhibited protective effects via up-regulating the expression of the selenotranscriptome and several key selenoproteins,which increased(P＜0.05)body weight,improved meat quality,enhanced antiox-idant capacity and mitigated mitochondrial stress and ER stress.What's more,SeMet suppressed protein degradation and improved protein biosynthesis though inhibiting the caspase and ubiquitin proteasome system and promoting the mTOR-4EBP1 pathway.In conclusion,dietary SeMet supplementation in-creases the expression of several key selenoproteins,alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress,improves protein biosynthesis,suppresses protein degradation,thus increases the body weight and improves meat quality of broilers exposed to CHS.
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    Mannanase improves the growth performance of broilers by alleviating inflammation of the intestinal epithelium and improving intestinal microbiota

    Xiaodan ZhangHuiping XuLu GongJiao Wang...
    376-394页
    查看更多>>摘要：This experiment aimed to discuss and reveal the effect and mechanism of mannanase on intestinal inflammation in broilers triggered by a soybean meal diet.In this experiment,384 Arbor Acres broilers at 1 d old were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups.The broilers were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet,a low-energy diet(metabolizable energy reduced by 50 kcal/kg),and a low-energy diet supple-mented with 100 mg/kg mannanase for 42 d.The low-energy diet increased feed conversion ratio from 0 to 42 d,reduced ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)in the ileum(P＜0.05).It also reduced cecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),such as acetic acid(P＜0.05).Compared with low-energy diets,the addition of mannanase increased body weight at 42 d,promoted the digestibility of nutrients,and maintained the morphology and integrity of the intestinal epithelium of broilers(P＜0.05).In addition,mannanase upregulated the expression of claudin-1(CLDN1)and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)in the jejunum at 21 d,downregulated the expression of ileal NF-κB,and increased the content of isobutyric acid in the cecum of broilers(P＜0.05).The results for the ileal microbiota showed that a low-energy diet led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum of broilers.The addition of mannanase increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus-KC45b and Lactobacillus johnsonii in broilers.Further-more,a low-energy diet reduced the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the intestine of broilers and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and phosphoinositol metabolism.Mannanase increased the relative abundance of Odoribacter,promoted energy metabolism and N-glycan biosynthesis,and increased the activities of GH3 and GH18.It is concluded that mannanase could improve the growth performance of broilers by reducing the expression of NF-κB in the ileum,increasing the production of SCFA in the cecum,suppressing intestinal inflammation,balancing the intestinal microbiota,reducing damage to the intestinal barrier,and improving the efficiency of nutrient utilization to alleviate the adverse effects caused by the decrease in dietary energy level.
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    Complexed amino acid minerals vs.bis-glycinate chelated minerals:Impact on the performance of old laying hens

    Marcos J.B.SantosMaria C.M.M.LudkeLeandro M.SilvaCarlos B.V.Rabello...
    395-408页
    查看更多>>摘要：The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals(Zn,Mn,and Cu)from complexed amino acid minerals(ZMCAA)and bis-glycinate chelated minerals(ZMCGly)in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality,yolk mineral deposition,intestinal morphometry,and bone charac-teristics.From 78 to 98 weeks of age,400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a ran-domized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment.Treatments were distributed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement using either Zn,Mn,and Cu of ZMCAA or ZMCGly source at 2 levels:low(20,20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and Cu,respectively)or high(40,40,and 7 mg/kg of Zn,Mn,and Cu,respectively).The analysis of variance was performed,and in cases where differences were observed,the means were compared using Tukey's test(P＜0.05).The source and level of trace mineral supplemen-tation had a significant impact on the performance of laying hens.Hens fed ZMCAA had higher egg production(P=0.01),egg weight(P=0.02),egg mass(P=0.01),and lower feed conversion ratio(P=0.05)compared to those fed ZMCGly.The ZMCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height(P=0.01),albumen weight(P=0.01),and eggshell thickness(P＜0.01).The deposition of Zn(P＜0.01),Mn(P＜0.01),and Cu(P＜0.01)in the egg yolk was greater for hens received ZMCAA.Tibia weight(P=0.04)and bone densitometry(P＜0.01)in the tibia were higher with ZMCAA supplementation.In the small intestine,ZMCAA resulted in longer villi(P=0.02)and shorter crypt depth(P=0.01)in the duodenum.Jejunum and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals(P＜0.05).Laying hens fed ZMCAA exhibited superior performance,egg quality,deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk,and bone density compared to hens fed ZMCGly.In this study,older laying hens supplemented with ZMCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.
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    Retinoic acid alleviates rotavirus-induced intestinal damage by regulating redox homeostasis and autophagic flux in piglets

    Xin LaiAimin WuBing YuHui Yan...
    409-421页
    查看更多>>摘要：Rotaviruses(RV)are a major cause of severe gastroenteritis,particularly in neonatal piglets.Despite the availability of effective vaccines,the development of antiviral therapies for RV remains an ongoing challenge.Retinoic acid(RA),a metabolite of vitamin A,has been shown to have anti-oxidative and antiviral properties.However,the mechanism by which RA exerts its intestinal-protective and antiviral effects on RV infection is not fully understood.The study investigates the effects of RA supplementation in Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire(DLY)piglets challenged with RV.Thirty-six DLY piglets were assigned into six treatments,including a control group,RA treatment group with two concentration gradients(5 and 15 mg/d),RV treatment group,and RV treatment group with the addition of different concentration gradients of RA(5 and 15 mg/d).Our study revealed that RV infection led to extensive intestinal ar-chitecture damage,which was mitigated by RA treatment at lower concentrations by increasing the villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio(P＜0.05),enhancing intestinal stem cell signaling and pro-moting intestinal barrier functions.In addition,15 mg/d RA supplementation significantly increased NRF2 and HO-1 protein expression(P＜0.05)and GSH content(P＜0.05),indicating that RA supple-mentation can enhance anti-oxidative signaling and redox homeostasis after RV challenge.Additionally,the research demonstrated that RA exerts a dual impact on the regulation of autophagy,both stimulating the initiation of autophagy and hindering the flow of autophagic flux.Through the modulation of autophagic flux,RA influence the progression of RV infection.These findings provide new insights into the regulation of redox hemostasis and autophagy by RA and its potential therapeutic application in RV infection.
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    Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin:Emphasis on fowl and swine

    Edwin T.MoranMichael R.Bedford
    422-428页
    查看更多>>摘要：Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes.Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance.Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients,the effect varying with the nutrient concerned.On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion,phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+.Even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior.Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation.Partially crystalized Ca2+near the enzyme's active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure.Thus,phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms;interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+,destabilizing pepsin;binding some dietary proteins directly,further compro-mising gastric proteolysis.Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum,Ca2+and other cations re-bind with accessible anions,phytic acid being a significant contender.Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes(e.g.Ca2+,Zn2+)which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors(e.g.Zn2+)to increase enzyme activity.Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage.After mucin granule release,Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation.Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer(USWL).Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with its associated Na+.This partly explains increased mucin and Na+losses noted with high phytate diets.This review suggests that phytic acid binding of Ca2+and less so Zn2+is the basis for the diversity in nutrient losses encountered and that such losses are in proportion to dietary phytate content.
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    Development of small intestinal barrier function and underlying mechanism in Chinese indigenous and Duroc piglets during suckling and weaning periods

    Sujuan DingYating ChengMd Abul Kalam AzadQian Zhu...
    429-442页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study explored the developmental changes in small intestinal barrier function and the potential regulatory roles of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different breeds of piglets during suckling and weaning periods.Taoyuan black(TB),Xiangcun black(XB),and Duroc(DR)piglets(10 litters per breed;half male and half female)were selected for sampling to evaluate the intestinal barrier-related indexes and intestinal microbiota and metabolites at 1,10,21(weaned),and 24(3 d after weaning)d old.The results showed that weaning led to severe shedding of small intestinal microvilli and sparse microvilli arrangement.D-lactate level in the ileum of TB and XB piglets during suckling and weaning periods was lower(P＜0.01)than that of DR piglets,as well as the ileal diamine oxidase level at 1 d old.The expression level of mucin 1 was higher(P＜0.05)in the ileum of TB and XB piglets than that of DR piglets,and it was the highest in the ileum of TB piglets at 21 d old.The expression levels of mucin 2 and mucin 13 were higher(P＜0.10)in TB and XB piglets than those of DR piglets at 21 d old,whereas mucin 2 and mucin 13 in the ileum of TB and XB piglets were higher(P＜0.05)than those of DR piglets at 24 d old.TB and XB piglets had a lower relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella at 21 and 24 d old,but they had higher Streptococcus at 1 and 24 d old than DR piglets(P＜0.01).Differential metabolites between the three breeds of piglets were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation,steroid biosynthesis,and bile acid synthesis.Collectively,these findings suggest that different pig breeds present differences in the development of the small intestinal barrier function.Compared with DR piglets,TB and XB piglets had higher intestinal permeability during the suckling period and a stronger intestinal mechanical barrier after weaning.Moreover,intestinal microbiota and metabolites are the key factors for developing small intestinal barrier functions in different breeds of piglets.
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    Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate intestinal damage and improve lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)fed a high carbohydrate diet by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress

    Liulan ZhaoLiangshun ChengYifang HuXiaohui Li...
    443-456页
    查看更多>>摘要：High-carbohydrate(HC)diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate(SA)and sodium butyrate(SB)and impair the gut health of largemouth bass;however,SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals.Thus,the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass.The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets,including a low-carbohydrate diet(9％starch)(LC),a high carbohydrate diet(18％starch)(HC),and the HC diet supple-mented with 2 g/kg SA(HCSA),2 g/kg SB(HCSB)or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB(HCSASB).The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks.A total of 525 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00±0.20 g were used.The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate(P＜0.05)and ameliorated serum parameters(alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase,glutamate transaminase,and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)(P＜0.05).And,importantly,dietary SA and SB repaired the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of zonula occludens-1,occludin,and claudin-7(P＜0.05),reduced HC-induced intes-tinal damage,and alleviated intestinal inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating HC-induced in-testinal endoplasmic reticulum stress(P＜0.05).Further results revealed that dietary SA and SB reduced HC-induced intestinal fat deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis(P＜0.05).In summary,this study demonstrated that dietary SA and SB attenuated HC-induced intestinal damage and reduced excessive intestinal fat deposition in largemouth bass.
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