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动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）/Journal Animal NutritionCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
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    Dietary curcumin alleviates intestinal damage induced by ochratoxin A in juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella):Necroptosis and inflammatory responses

    Piao ZhaoWei-Dan JiangPei WuYang Liu...
    119-132页
    查看更多>>摘要：Ochratoxin A(OTA)is one of the most common pollutants in aquatic feed.As a first line of defense,intestinal barriers could be utilized against OTA in order to prevent disorders.Natural product supple-mentation is one of the most popular strategies to alleviate toxicity induced by mycotoxins,but there is a lack of knowledge about how it functions in the teleost intestine.In this study,720 juvenile grass carp of about 11 g were selected and four treatment groups(control group,OTA group,curcumin[Cur]group,and OTA+Cur group)were set up to conduct a 60-day growth test.After the test,the growth perfor-mance and intestinal health related indexes of grass carp were investigated.The addition of dietary Cur could have the following main results:(1)inhibit absorption and promote efflux transporters mRNA expression,reducing the residuals of OTA,(2)decrease oxidative stress by reducing oxidative damage and enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes,(3)promote mitochondrial fusion proteins to inhibit the expression of mitotic proteins and mitochondrial autophagy proteins and enhance mito-chondrial function,(4)reduce necroptosis-related gene expression through inhibiting the tumor necrotic factor receptor-interacting protein kinase/mixed lineage kinase domain-like pathway,(5)reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway to alleviate the intestinal inflammatory response.In summary,the results suggested that Cur could alleviate OTA-induced intestinal damage by enhancing antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial function as well as reducing necroptosis and inflammation in the grass carp intestine.This study pro-vided a theoretical basis and production implications for dietary Cur that could improve growth per-formance and alleviate the intestinal damage induced by OTA in fish.
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    The evaluation of next-generation probiotics on broiler growth performance,gut morphology,gut microbiome,nutrient digestibility,in addition to enzyme production of Bacillus spp.in vitro

    Jacoba I.BromfieldShahram NiknafsXiaojing ChenJuhani von Hellens...
    133-144页
    查看更多>>摘要：Considerable research has been conducted into the efficacy of individual probiotics in broiler production,however information on the most effective combinations of synergistic Bacillus probiotic is lacking.This study investigated the impact of different Bacillus strain combinations in broiler chickens,as well as in vitro enzyme production.In experiment one,a total of 576 Ross 308 broilers at 1 d old were grown for 21 d across 6 treatments of maize-soybean diets(n=12 pens per treatment)to compare three different strain combinations(formulation 1[F1]:3 strains Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;F2:Bacillus coagulans and 2 strains B.amyloliquefaciens;F3:B.coagulans,Bacillus licheniformis and 2 strains B.amyloliquefaciens;F5:Bacillus subtilis,B.licheniformis and 2 strains B.amyloliquefaciens),positive control(PC),and a negative control antibiotic treatment group(NC).In Exp.2,a total of 360 one-day-old ROSS308 broilers were used to test five treatments(n=9)including PC,NC,F1 and F5(selected from Exp.1),and F4(Bacillus pumilis and 2 strains B.amyloliquefaciens)in a maize-soybean diet.B.amyloliquefaciens F1 demonstrated a sig-nificant improvement in feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared to F2 at d 14(1.49 vs 2.10;P=0.038)and the body weight(BW)at d 21(847.0 g vs 787.4 g)compared to other combinations(P=0.027).The FCR at d 21 tended to be lower in birds fed F1(1.46 vs 1.66)compared to the control(P=0.068).Probiotic treatments had significantly improved nutrient digestibility compared to the PC and NC.Also,probiotic treatments supported the growth of Streptococcus,a common commensal genus and reduced the abundance of genera that correlated with low weight gain such as Akkermansia.Experiment two revealed that F4 improved FCR(P＜0.001)and BW at 28 d(P=0.014).In vitro testing showed a high production of protease and amylase by Bacillus.Thus,the addition of Bacillus probiotics,particularly containing B.amyloliquefaciens strains and Bacillus pumilus,into the diet of broiler chickens improves production performance,nutrient digestibility,and allows the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota.
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    Increasing concentrations of dietary threonine,tryptophan,and glycine improve growth performance and intestinal health with decreasing stress responses in broiler chickens raised under multiple stress conditions

    Hyun Woo KimJong Hyuk KimGi Ppeum HanDong Yong Kil...
    145-153页
    查看更多>>摘要：The current study aimed to compare the effects of increasing concentrations of dietary threonine(Thr),tryptophan(Trp),and glycine(Gly)on growth performance,stress biomarkers,and intestinal function in broiler chickens under multiple stress conditions.Five hundred sixty broiler chickens at 21 d old were randomly allotted to 5 treatments with 8 replicates.Birds in a positive control(PC)treatment were raised under low stock density(16.9 birds/m2 per cage)with recommended environmental conditions,whereas birds in 4 treatments were subjected to multiple stress conditions:a cyclic heat stress of 30±0.3 ℃ for 10 h and 23±0.2 ℃ for 14 h per day with high stock density(25.3 birds/m2 per cage).A basal diet was assigned to both PC and negative control(NC)treatments.Three additional diets were individually formulated to contain double concentrations of digestible Thr,Trp,or Gly+Ser compared with their concentrations in the basal diet.The experiment lasted for 14 d.Results showed that NC treatment had less growth performance(P＜0.001),jejunal goblet cell counts(P=0.018),and trans-epithelial electrical resistance(TEER;P＜0.001),but greater(P=0.026)feather corticosterone(CORT)concentrations than PC treatment.Thr treatment showed the least(P＜0.001)feed conversion ratio(FCR)among treatments under multiple stress conditions.Thr,Trp,and Gly treatments had less(P=0.026)feather CORT con-centrations,but had greater(P＜0.001)TEER than NC treatment.In conclusion,increasing concentrations of dietary Thr,Trp,or Gly improve the growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens with decreasing stress response under multiple stress conditions.
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    Artificial parasin Ⅰ protein(API)supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

    Congzhi ZouWanxin ZhaoShenggang YinXiaoyu Xiang...
    154-165页
    查看更多>>摘要：Diarrheas are common risks faced by piglets during the weaning period.This study investigated the alleviating effects of artificial parasin Ⅰ protein(API)on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)challenge.Sixty piglets were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basal diet(CON)or basal diet supplemented with API at 0,750,and 1500 mg/kg or antibiotics for 5 weeks.On d 15 and 25,piglets were challenged with ETEC K88 except for the CON group.Before the ETEC challenge(d 1-14),dietary API supplementation improved growth performance,and 750 mg API increased(P＜0.05)the average daily gain(ADG),decreased(P＜0.05)feed to gain ratio(F/G)and diarrhea index of weaned piglets.ETEC challenge(during d 15-35)reduced growth perfor-mance and increased(P＜0.01)the F/G,diarrhea rate,and diarrhea index.This event was accompanied by the numerically increased malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in serum and ileum,the decreased(P＜0.05)zonula-occludens-1(ZO-1)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the ileum,and the increased(P=0.04)secretory immunoglobulin A(slgA)protein in the ileum.Artificial parasin Ⅰ protein supplementation alleviated the negative impact of ETEC.The 750 mg/kg API inclusion elevated(P＜0.05)ADG and decreased(P＜0.05)F/G.Two levels of API decreased(P＜0.01)the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index.Meanwhile,API inclusion decreased(P＜0.01)the crypt depth in the jejunum,elevated(P＜0.05)villus height in the duodenum and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum,up-regulated(P＜0.05)ZO-1 gene,and down-regulated(P＜0.05)mucin-2 gene in the jejunum,and 1500 mg/kg API decreased(P＜0.01)sIgA level and down-regulated(P＜0.05)IL-1β gene in the ileum.Furthermore,750 mg/kg API elevated(P＜0.01)Bifidobacteria population and acetic acid concentrations in the cecal chyme.In conclusion,API supplementation alleviates the negative impact of ETEC on growth perfor-mance and intestinal health,thus can be applied as an antibiotic alternative in weaned piglets.
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    Dietary saccharin sodium supplementation improves the production performance of dairy goats without residue in milk in summer

    Xiongfei ZhangJirong LvJingtao HuiAo Wu...
    166-176页
    查看更多>>摘要：The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary saccharin sodium supplementation on production performance,serum biochemical indicators,and rumen fermentation of dairy goats in summer.Twelve Guanzhong dairy goats with similar body weight,days in milk,and milk yield were randomly divided into two dietary treatments:(1)CON:basal diet;(2)SS:basal diet+150 mg/kg saccharin sodium on the basis of dry matter.The experiment lasted 35 d,including 7 d for adaptation and 28 d for dietary treatments,sampling and data collection.Each dairy goat was housed individually in a clean separate pen with ad libitum access to diet and water.The goats fed SS diet had increased dry matter intake(DM1;P=0.037),4％fat corrected milk yield(P=0.049),energy corrected milk yield(P=0.037),milk protein yield(P=0.031),and total solids yield(P=0.036).Serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase(P=0.047)and concentrations of 70-kDa heat shock protein(P=0.090),malondial-dehyde(P=0.092),and total protein(P=0.057)were lower in goats fed SS diet than those fed CON diet.Supplementation of saccharin sodium tended to increase activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum(P=0.079).The concentrations of rumen total volatile fatty acid(P=0.042)and butyrate(P=0.038)were increased by saccharin sodium supplementation.Dietary supplementation of saccharin sodium increased the relative abundance of Lachnobacterium(P=0.022),Pseudoramibacter(P=0.022),Shut-tleworthia(P=0.025),and Syntrophococcus(P=0.037),but reduced the relative abundance of Pre-votella_1(P=0.037)and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_008(P=0.037)in rumen.Saccharin sodium was observed in feces and urine of goats fed diet supplemented with saccharin sodium,but saccharin sodium was undetectable in the milk of goats receiving SS diet.In conclusion,administration of saccharin sodium was effective in increasing fat and energy corrected milk yield by increasing DMI and improving rumen fermentation and antioxidant capacity of dairy goats in summer.In addition,saccharin sodium residue was undetectable in the milk.
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    Marine red yeast supplementation improves laying performance by regulating small intestinal homeostasis in aging chickens

    Yudian ZhaoSujin SiYangguang RenXing Wu...
    177-190页
    查看更多>>摘要：Recent studies have shown that age-related aging evolution is accompanied by imbalances in intestinal homeostasis.Marine red yeast(MRY)is a functional probiotic that has been shown to have antioxidant,immune and other properties.Therefore,we chose 900 healthy Hy-Line Brown hens at 433 d old as the research subjects and evaluated the correlation between intestinal health,laying performance,and egg quality in aged hens through the supplementation of MRY.These laying hens were assigned into 5 groups and received diet supplementation with 0％,0.5％,1.0％,1.5％,and 2％MRY for 12 weeks.The results showed that MRY supplementation increased egg production rate,average egg weight,and egg quality,and decreased feed conversion ratio and daily feed intake(P＜0.05).The MRY supplement improved antioxidant indicators such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),stimulated villus height,and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio(V/C ratio)in the in-testine(P＜0.05).It also regulated the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors(transforming growth factor-β[TGF-β],interleukin[IL]-1 β,IL-8,tumor necrosis factor-α[TNF-α])while increasing serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels(P＜0.05).Furthermore,MRY supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins(occludin and zonula occludens-1[ZO-1]),anti-apoptotic gene(Bcl-2),and autophagy-related proteins(beclin-1 and light chain 3I[LC3I])in the intestine(P＜0.05).The MRY supplement also led to an increase in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum,and the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes,and genera Bacteroides and Rikenella-ceae_RC9_gut_group.The LEfSe analysis revealed an enrichment of Sutterella and Akkermansia mucini-phila.In conclusion,the results of this experiment indicated that the additional supplementation of MRY can improve the production performance of laying hens and may contribute to the restoration and balance of intestinal homeostasis,which supports the application potential of MRY as a green and effi-cient feed additive for improving the laying performance in chickens.
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    Supplementation with dimethylglycine sodium salt improves lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth-retarded pigs

    Kaiwen BaiLuyi JiangTian Wang
    191-202页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorder in intrauterine growth retar-dation(IUGR)pigs and the potential alleviating effects of dimethylglycine sodium salt(DMG-Na).A total of 60 male newborn piglets were selected for this study.Within each litter,one normal birth weight(NBW)male piglet(1.53±0.04 kg)and two IUGR male piglets(0.76±0.06 kg)were chosen based on their birth weight.The piglets were divided into three groups for the study:NBW pigs received a PBS gavage and a common basal diet(NBW-C group),IUGR pigs received the same PBS gavage and common basal diet(IUGR-C group),and IUGR pigs received a 70-mg DMG-Na gavage along with a common basal diet supplemented with 0.1％DMG-Na(IUGR-D group).At 150 d of age,all piglets underwent euthanasia by exsanguination following electrical stunning,after which plasma,liver,and longissimus dorsi(LM)samples were promptly collected.The IUGR-D group demonstrated improvements in plasma parameters(P＜0.05),with lower triglyceride and free fatty acid(FFA)values,and hormone levels(P＜0.05),with lower growth hormone,insulin,and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values.Restoration of lipid metabolism was observed(P＜0.05),with lower triglyceride and FFA,and higher hepatic lipase and total lipase values in the liver,and lower triglyceride and FFA values in the LM.Mitochondrial ETC complexes showed increased levels(P＜0.05),including higher complex Ⅲ values in the liver,and higher complex Ⅰ,complex Ⅲ,and complex Ⅴ values in the LM.Enhanced levels of energy metabolites were noted(P＜0.05),with higher NAD+,NAD+/NADH,adenosine triphosphate,and mtDNA values,and lower NADH values in the liver and LM.Additionally,meat quality parameters showed improvement(P＜0.05),with higher pH 24 h and a*values,and lower drip loss 48 h,L*,and b*values.The expressions of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function-related genes and proteins were upregulated(P＜0.05)compared to the IUGR-C group.In conclusion,it was indicated that IUGR pigs experienced lipid metabolism disorders and diminished performance.However,supplementation with DMG-Na showed promise in mitigating these adverse physiological effects by safeguarding body tissues and modulating energy metabolism.
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    Combined intestinal microbiota and transcriptomic analysis to investigate the effect of different stocking densities on the ability of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)to utilize Chlorella sorokiniana

    Hang YuanMinghua XieJian ChenNaijie Hu...
    203-219页
    查看更多>>摘要：Aiming to investigate the impact of different stocking densities on the ability of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)to utilize Chlorella sorokiniana(CHL),a 3 × 2 factorial design stocking experiment was used in this study.Specifically,shrimp was fed with two dietary protein sources(fishmeal[FM]and CHL)at low(LSD;100 per m3),medium(MSD;200 per m3)and high(HSD;300 per m3)stocking densities for 8 weeks.The growth performance and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus(1.0 × 107 CFU/mL)of shrimp decreased with the increase of stocking density,but dietary CHL improved this result.Differences between the CHL and FM groups for V.parahaemolyticus resistance were significant only under high-density conditions(P＜0.05).Significant interactions between stocking density and protein source were found on the activities of catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and phenol oxidase(PO),and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the hepatopancreas and the activities of intestinal amylase,most of which were significantly different between CHL and FM groups only at high stocking density(P＜0.05).Analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that dietary CHL increased the alpha di-versity of intestinal microbiota,inhibited the colonization of pathogenic bacteria and enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria.Transcriptomic results showed that at high stocking densities,differ-entially expressed genes(DEGs)in the FM vs CHL group were mostly upregulated and primarily enriched in immune and metabolic related pathways including Toll,immune deficiency(Imd)and glycolysis-gluconeogenesis pathways.Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between the top ten intestinal bacteria at the genus level and markedly enriched DEGs,also more were detected under high density situations.In conclusion,CHL has great potential as a novel protein source in the intensive farming of shrimp.
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    Research progress on cottonseed meal as a protein source in pig nutrition:An updated review

    An TaoJiahao WangBin LuoBowen Liu...
    220-233页
    查看更多>>摘要：At a global level,the supply of protein sources is insufficient to support the current magnitude of pig production.Moreover,given the exorbitant expense of conventional protein feed options like soybean meal and fish meal,it becomes imperative to promptly explore alternative sources of protein feed for the sustainable advancement of the pig industry.Cottonseed meal,a by-product from the extraction of cottonseed oil,exhibits significant potential as a protein source for pig feed owing to its high protein content,high yield,low cost,well-balanced amino acid composition,and sufficient accessibility.How-ever,cottonseed meal possesses several anti-nutritional factors,especially gossypol,which adversely affect growth and reproductive performance,resulting in the limited utilization of cottonseed meal in pig feed.To maximize the benefits of cottonseed meal and promote its application in pig production,it is imperative to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding its nutritional value and current utilization.In this review,we initially presented a summary of the nutritional values of cottonseed meal,primary anti-nutritional factors,and effective approaches for improving its utilization as a protein source feed.Subsequently,we comprehensively summarized the latest research progress of cottonseed meal appli-cation in pig nutrition over the past decade.The outcome of this review serves as a theoretical foun-dation and practical guidance for the research and application of cottonseed meal in pig nutrition and promotes the reduction of soybean meal utilization in the pig industry.
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    Dietary black soldier fly oil enhances growth performance,flesh quality,and health status of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

    Hailin YuanJunru HuXiangce LiQiuxuan Sun...
    234-245页
    查看更多>>摘要：The study aimed to assess the effects of dietary black soldier fly oil(BSFO)on the growth performance,flesh quality,and health status of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides).Six iso-nitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated by substituting fish oil and soybean oil(1/2,wt/wt)with BSFO in per-centages of 0％,20％,40％,60％,80％,and 100％,respectively.The diets were fed to 960 fish(initial body weight=16.5 g)in four replicates for 8 weeks.Indicators related to growth performance,body composition,hematology,flesh quality,expression of genes related to inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis,and the response of fish to Aeromonas veronii challenge were analyzed.The results showed that the weight gain rate was numerically improved in all BSFO substitution groups,ranging from 9.3％to 44.0％compared to the control group.The highest survival rate and the lowest hepatosomatic index and condition factor were observed in the BFSO20 group.In terms of flesh quality,the water-holding capacity of the dorsal muscle was elevated with higher levels of dietary BSFO.However,significant changes in texture properties(cohesiveness,gluing,and chewiness)were observed in the BSFO20 group(P＜0.05).Six hematological parameters related to glycolipid and liver function were optimized in most of the BFSO substitution groups.Furthermore,the expressions of six inflammation-and apoptosis-related genes(IL-1β,Bcl-xl,BAX,caspase8,TNF-α,and IL-10)were significantly affected by dietary BSFO(P＜0.05).Following bacterial challenge,the seven-day cumulative survival rates of fish were considerably increased from 10.0％in the control group to 60.0％and 66.7％in the BSFO80 and BSFO100 groups,respectively.One-variable linear regression analysis revealed that various parameters related to fish growth,flesh quality,and health status were significantly influenced by dietary BSFO substitution levels in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.05).In conclusion,substituting around 20％of dietary fish oil and soybean oil with BSFO is promising in improving the growth performance and flesh quality of M.salmoides.However,to enhance immunity and disease resistance,it is recommended to further in-crease the inclusion of BSFO in the diet.
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