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地学前缘(英文版)
地学前缘(英文版)

莫宣学

双月刊

1674-9871

geofrontier@cugb.edu.cn

010-82322283,82321855

100083

北京市海淀区学院路29号中国地质大学（北京）期刊中心

地学前缘(英文版)/Journal GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERSCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS (GSF) is a quarterly journal that publishes in English significant original research articles and high quality reviews of recent advances in all fields of Earth Sciences — including stratigraphy and paleontology, mineralogy and petrology, economic geology and minerals and fuel exploration, structural geology, lithospheric tectonics, environmental and engineering geology, hydrogeology, astrogeology, marine geology, and geophysics and geochemistry. Technical papers, case histories, reviews, and discussions are welcomed.
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    Lithium:A review of applications,occurrence,exploration,extraction,recycling,analysis,and environmental impact

    V.BalaramM.SantoshM.SatyanarayananN.Srinivas...
    1-46页
    查看更多>>摘要：The energy transition challenges faced by modern civilization have significantly enhanced the demand for critical metals like lithium resulting in improved methods to explore,extract,and utilize these metals.In this comprehensive review,we discuss the different types of lithium resources,factors,and mecha-nisms controlling lithium enrichment in various geological settings including terrestrial and marine envi-ronments.Diverse exploration strategies including geological,geophysical,mineralogical,geochemical,and remote sensing techniques including drone-based techniques for lithium exploration studies in dif-ferent terranes are summarized.An overview of the mining techniques,including beneficiation and extraction,and their principles,mechanisms,operations,and comparison of the various approaches and compatibility with different types of lithium deposits for obtaining maximum yield are evaluated.Lithium isotopic studies are useful in understanding geological processes such as past weathering events and riverine input into the oceans,as well as in understanding the source of lithium in diverse types of deposits.We also highlight the recent developments in other areas such as recycling,environmental impact,and state-of-the-art analytical techniques for determining lithium in different lithium ore depos-its and other geological materials.Our overview provides the latest developments and insights in the var-ious sectors related to lithium and prompt further developments to meet the growing demand for this valuable metal as the world transforms to clean energy.
      原文链接:
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    Assessment of coastal and mangrove vulnerability in the Andaman Island,Indian Ocean

    Biswajit MondalRupesh K.BhomiaAshis Kumar SahaRichard A.MacKenzie...
    47-60页
    查看更多>>摘要：Coastal regions are highly susceptible to the effects of global warming,including rising atmospheric and sea surface temperatures,increased cyclone frequency,and sea level rise.Thus,it is imperative to exam-ine coastal vulnerability to minimize the impact of multiple hazards and protect coastal resources,such as mangroves.Particularly in India studying the vulnerability of coastal zones of Andaman and Nicobar Islands which fall in seismic zone V is critical for conservation efforts.We conducted a vulnerability anal-ysis of coastal zones impacted by the 2004 earthquake,causing varying degrees of ground upliftment and subsidence.We compared coastal vulnerability among sites that experienced uplift,no change,and sub-sidence(the southern portion).Our analysis utilized the Coastal and Mangrove Vulnerability Index(CVI and MVI)to measure and compare vulnerability in six zones distributed along uplift and subsidence gra-dient.High-resolution satellite imagery including WorldView-2,3,and GeoEye-1 from year 2022 are uti-lized on this study.The CVI and MVI offers a good way to measure and compare vulnerabilities across sites and offer insights for better management.The CVI and MVI results indicate that approximately 34％of coastal grids and over 23％of mangrove grids across all zones are highly to extremely highly vul-nerable.Subsided zones were found to be more vulnerable than uplifted zones.These findings suggest that large-scale natural disturbances such as tectonic displacement have the potential to impact coastal vegetation and mangrove cover can become even more vulnerable.In conclusion,our study emphasizes the importance of vulnerability analyses in coastal regions,especially in areas prone to seismic activity.Our findings have direct implications for conservation and restoration efforts and underscore the need for continued monitoring and mitigation efforts to safeguard coastal resources for long-term sustainability.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
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    Using adjacency matrix to explore remarkable associations in big and small mineral data

    Xiang QueJingyi HuangJolyon RalphJiyin Zhang...
    61-74页
    查看更多>>摘要：Data exploration,usually the first step in data analysis,is a useful method to tackle challenges caused by big geoscience data.It conducts quick analysis of data,investigates the patterns,and generates/refines research questions to guide advanced statistics and machine learning algorithms.The background of this work is the open mineral data provided by several sources,and the focus is different types of associations in mineral properties and occurrences.Researchers in mineralogy have been applying different tech-niques for exploring such associations.Although the explored associations can lead to new scientific insights that contribute to crystallography,mineralogy,and geochemistry,the exploration process is often daunting due to the wide range and complexity of factors involved.In this study,our purpose is implementing a visualization tool based on the adjacency matrix for a variety of datasets and testing its utility for quick exploration of association patterns in mineral data.Algorithms,software packages,and use cases have been developed to process a variety of mineral data.The results demonstrate the effi-ciency of adjacency matrix in real-world usage.All the developed works of this study are open source and open access.
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    Adopting the margin of stability for space-time landslide prediction-A data-driven approach for generating spatial dynamic thresholds

    Stefan StegerMateo MorenoAlice CrespiStefano Luigi Gariano...
    75-92页
    查看更多>>摘要：Shallow landslide initiation typically results from an interplay of dynamic triggering and preparatory conditions along with static predisposition factors.While data-driven methods for assessing landslide susceptibility or for establishing rainfall-triggering thresholds are prevalent,integrating spatio-temporal information for dynamic large-area landslide prediction remains a challenge.The main aim of this research is to generate a dynamic spatial landslide initiation model that operates at a daily scale and explicitly counteracts potential errors in the available landslide data.Unlike previous studies focus-ing on space-time landslide modelling,it places a strong emphasis on reducing the propagation of land-slide data errors into the modelling results,while ensuring interpretable outcomes.It introduces also other noteworthy innovations,such as visualizing the final predictions as dynamic spatial thresholds linked to true positive rates and false alarm rates and by using animations for highlighting its application potential for hindcasting and scenario-building.The initial step involves the creation of a spatio-temporally representative sample of landslide presence and absence observations for the study area of South Tyrol,Italy(7400 km2)within well-investigated ter-rain.Model setup entails integrating landslide controls that operate on various temporal scales through a binomial Generalized Additive Mixed Model.Model relationships are then interpreted based on variable importance and partial effect plots,while predictive performance is evaluated through various cross-validation techniques.Optimal and user-defined probability cutpoints are used to establish quantitative thresholds that reflect both,the true positive rate(correctly predicted landslides)and the false positive rate(precipitation periods misclassified as landslide-inducing conditions).The resulting dynamic maps directly visualize landslide threshold exceedance.The model demonstrates high predictive performance while revealing geomorphologically plausible prediction patterns largely consistent with current process knowledge.Notably,the model also shows that generally drier hillslopes exhibit a greater sensitivity to certain precipitation events than regions adapted to wetter conditions.The practical applicability of the approach is demonstrated in a hindcasting and scenario-building context.In the currently evolving field of space-time landslide modelling,we recommend focusing on data error handling,model interpretabil-ity,and geomorphic plausibility,rather than allocating excessive resources to algorithm and case study comparisons.
      原文链接:
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    The transition from backarc extension to Andean growth:Insights from geochronologic,sedimentologic,and structural studies of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks in south-central Chile(36°S)

    Alfonso EncinasNicolás HenríquezDaniel CastroDarío Orts...
    93-117页
    查看更多>>摘要：Many studies propose a significant shift in the tectonic and paleogeographic evolution of the Andes in south-central Chile and Argentina during the Late Cretaceous.It has been proposed that the preceding Jurassic-Early Cretaceous extensional regime that resulted in a low-relief volcanic arc and the backarc Neuquén basin came to an end,giving way to shortening and Andean growth from the Late Cretaceous onward.Nevertheless,there are disagreements regarding the timing and nature of this transition to Andean orogenesis.To address these issues,we conducted geochronologic(U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar),sedi-mentologic,and structural studies on Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the Río Maule area(Principal Cordillera,Chile,36°S).From our findings and prior analyses,we propose the fol-lowing tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the region.(1)Marine deposition of the Tithonian-Hauterivian Banos del Flaco Formation took place in an extensional backarc basin.(2)After a～40 Myr hiatus,fluvial deposits of the Colimapu Formation and volcanic rocks of the Plan de los Yeuques Formation accumulated during the Cenomanian-Danian.Whereas the Colimapu Formation displays evi-dence of syndepositional shortening,the Plan de los Yeuques Formation exhibits synextensional growth strata.Contrary to other studies,our results suggest that the Chilean part of the Principal Cordillera was largely a zone of active deposition rather than an elevated fold-thrust belt during the Late Cretaceous.We propose that sedimentation occurred within a series of relatively stable intermontane subbasins gener-ated by shortening,followed by extension.(3)After a～20 Myr hiatus,middle Eocene to early Miocene(Lutetian-Aquitanian)accumulation of a thick succession of andesitic lavas and minor clastic sediments of the Abanico Formation occurred in an intraarc extensional basin.(4)Finally,major shorten-ing and uplift of previously deposited Mesozoic-Cenozoic rocks took place throughout the Neogene.This phase constituted the primary contractional deformation in the Andes of south-central Chile and Argentina.In terms of the transition to early Andean deformation,we propose that structural deforma-tion did not generate a major,regional-scale fold-thrust belt during the late Albian-Santonian.Modest extension,tectonic quiescence,or low-magnitude shortening seem to have dominated during the early to middle Cenozoic.
      原文链接:
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    Modeling hydrological consequences of 21st-Century climate and land use/land cover changes in a mid-high latitude watershed

    Chuanqi LiuChi XuZhijie ZhangShengqing Xiong...
    119-136页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Naoli River Basin(NRB),a pivotal agricultural production area in China,is poised to undergo substan-tial impacts on water resources due to projected climate and land use/cover(LULC)changes.Despite its significance in the context of China's expanding farmland construction in the NRB,there exists limited research on the potential repercussions of future shifts in runoff,soil water content(SWC),and evapo-transpiration(ET)on crop productivity and water availability(both in terms of quantity and timing).This study employs future LULC maps and an ensemble of ten CMIP6 Global Climate Models(GCMs)across three scenarios to drive the well-calibrated distributed hydrological model,ESSI-3.The objective of present study is aimed on projecting hydrological consequences under climate and land use/land cover changes in near-term(2026-2050),middle-term(2051-2075),and far-term(2076-2100)future in com-parison to the baseline period of 1990-2014.Results consistently indicate an increase trend in annual average ET,runoff,and SWC in the NRB across all three future periods under the three SSP scenarios.LULC changes emerge as the primary driver influencing regional hydrological processes in the near future.Notably,under high-emission scenarios,monthly runoff and SWC are projected to significantly increase in March but decrease in April during the middle and far future periods compared to the base-line.This shift is attributed to the anticipated warming of winter and spring,leading to a transition in peak snowmelt from April to March.Concurrently,the expansion of cropland intensifies crop evapotran-spiration demand,potentially exacerbating water stress during the early stages of crop growth in April.The findings underscore the importance of addressing the substantial impacts of climate change and land use planning on regional water cycling processes.Early planning to mitigate water shortages during the initial stage of future crop growth is crucial for ensuring food security and managing water-related chal-lenges in the NRB and neighboring mid-high latitude regions.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
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    Middle Paleozoic metamorphic and sedimentary events in the central Korean Peninsula and their geological implications

    Byung Choon LeeSung Won KimBo Young LeeChang Whan Oh...
    137-162页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Middle Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the central Korean Peninsula(Gyeonggi Massif,Hongseong-Imjingang,and Okcheon zone of Okcheon Belts)remains controversial.Particularly,the occurrence of high-grade metamorphism and sedimentation need further examination.In this study,we conducted zir-con U-Pb-rare earth element analyses from in the ultramafic-mafic complex in the central Korean Peninsula(Cheonan and Gapyeong areas)and the Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks in the Okcheon Zone of the Okcheon Belt to constrain the timing of maximum depositional and metamorphic ages.We also examined the metamorphic P-T-t path from garnet-bearing amphibolite in the central Korean Peninsula by pseudosection modeling and geothermobarometer.The results show that(i)some of the ultramafic-mafic complex and metasedimentary rocks in the central Korean Peninsula formed during the Middle Paleozoic(ca.450-374 Ma);(ii)garnet-bearing amphibolite underwent successive metamor-phism from amphibolite facies condition(7.5-8.0 kbar and 540-630 ℃)at pre-peak stage to granulite facies condition(10.9-11.8 kbar and 740-820 ℃)at peak stage,and then retrograded into amphibolite facies condition(5.7-7.7 kbar and 530-670 ℃)along the clockwise P-T path during ca.403-362 Ma.This and previous studies suggest that the central Korean Peninsula underwent subduction-related oro-genic events during the Middle Paleozoic era,and it is well correlated to those of the orogenic events in the North Qinling belt.
      原文链接:
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    The resource-based Kuznets curve hypothesis:An empirical exploration

    Mehmet Akif DestekTanaya SahaGamze DestekAvik Sinha...
    163-174页
    查看更多>>摘要：Countries face the risk of natural resource curse because of making their economic growth excessively dependent on natural resources.Although excessive resource dependence causes such a risk,it is inevi-table that resource-rich countries will need resource rent up to a certain level of economic maturity.On the other hand,transferring the wealth achieved after this maturity level to productive investment areas also reduces the resource dependency levels of countries.In this context,countries that capture the pos-sible inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and resource dependence can escape the curse.Based on this,the aim of this research is to determine the validity of the Kuznets type relationship between resource dependence and economic growth for the first time in the literature.Nine nations that rely heavily on natural resources are used as a sample for this.The countries with a share of total resource rent in national revenue greater than 25％are taken into consideration throughout the selection process for these countries.Using novel panel data methodologies,the effects of capital accumulation,public spending,foreign direct investment,and economic growth on the dependence on natural resources is examined from 1993 to 2021.The results reveal that capital accumulation reduces resource dependency while foreign investments and government size increases it.In addition,the Resource-Based Kuznets curve concept is supported by empirical data demonstrating an inverted-U-shaped relationship between economic growth and resource dependence for these nations.The thresholds derived from the parame-ters show that Saudi Arabia and Kazakhstan are well beyond this cutoff.The Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo,on the other hand,remain a long way from this threshold.Furthermore,Iraq,Mongolia,Iran,and Azerbaijan have national incomes that are close at the threshold.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
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    A transient shift in equatorial hydrology and vegetation during the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2

    Gaurav SrivastavaHarshita BhatiaPoonam VermaYogesh P.Singh...
    175-182页
    查看更多>>摘要：The equatorial evergreen forests nourish the world's biodiversity hotspots and are considered the lungs of the Earth.However,their future survival is uncertain,due to anthropogenically increased carbon emis-sions and changes in the hydrological cycle.Understanding the changes in the hydrological cycle in the equatorial region due to an increase in carbon emission is of prime importance.The early Paleogene hyperthermal events are potential analogs to understand the consequences of high carbon emission on the hydrological cycle.In this communication,we quantify the terrestrial seasonal climate using the plant proxy and infer that during the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 when atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was＞1000 ppmv near the palaeo-equator(～0.6°N),the rainfall decreased signif-icantly,leading to the expansion of deciduous forests.This study raises important questions about the future survival of equatorial rainforests and biodiversity hotspots under increased carbon emissions.
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    Interpretability and spatial efficacy of a deep-learning-based on-site early warning framework using explainable artificial intelligence and geographically weighted random forests

    Jawad FayazCarmine Galasso
    183-197页
    查看更多>>摘要：Earthquakes pose significant risks globally,necessitating effective seismic risk mitigation strategies like earthquake early warning(EEW)systems.However,developing and optimizing such systems requires thoroughly understanding their internal procedures and coverage limitations.This study examines a deep-learning-based on-site EEW framework known as ROSERS(Real-time On-Site Estimation of Response Spectra)proposed by the authors,which constructs response spectra from early recorded ground motion waveforms at a target site.This study has three primary goals:(1)evaluating the effec-tiveness and applicability of ROSERS to subduction seismic sources;(2)providing a detailed interpreta-tion of the trained deep neural network(DNN)and surrogate latent variables(LVs)implemented in ROSERS;and(3)analyzing the spatial efficacy of the framework to assess the coverage area of on-site EEW stations.ROSERS is retrained and tested on a dataset of around 11,000 unprocessed Japanese sub-duction ground motions.Goodness-of-fit testing shows that the ROSERS framework achieves good per-formance on this database,especially given the peculiarities of the subduction seismic environment.The trained DNN and LVs are then interpreted using game theory-based Shapley additive explanations to establish cause-effect relationships.Finally,the study explores the coverage area of ROSERS by training a novel spatial regression model that estimates the LVs using geographically weighted random forest and determining the radius of similarity.The results indicate that on-site predictions can be considered reli-able within a 2-9 km radius,varying based on the magnitude and distance from the earthquake source.This information can assist end-users in strategically placing sensors,minimizing blind spots,and reduc-ing errors from regional extrapolation.
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