期刊,法庭科学研究（英文） 2024年卷1期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

法庭科学研究（英文）

司法鉴定科学研究院

主办单位：司法鉴定科学研究院

出版周期：季刊

国际刊号：2096-1790

电子邮箱：fsr@ssfjd.cn

电　　话：021-62716211

邮政编码：200063

地　　址：上海光复西路1347号

法庭科学研究（英文）/Journal Forensic Sciences ResearchCSCD北大核心

查看更多>>Forensic Sciences Research［CN 31-2116/D，ISSN 2096-1790（Print），ISSN 2471-1411（Online）］，是中华人民共和国司法部主管、司法鉴定科学研究院主办的官方英文杂志，2015年正式建刊，是目前国内唯一一本面向国际的以法医学专业为主的法庭科学领域的英文季刊。Forensic Sciences Research与泰勒-弗朗西斯出版集团（Taylor & Francis Group）合作，采取完全开放获取（Open Access，OA）的办刊模式，所有刊载内容均可免费浏览下载。致力于实时跟进、全面展示国内外法庭科学研究领域的高水平原创性科技成果和理论研究成果，引领和促进学科的发展，立足国内，面向国际，建设国内外法庭科学领域的学术交流平台。Forensic Sciences Research目前被新兴资源引文索引（ESCI，Emerging Sources Citation Index）、PubMed Central（PMC）、Elsevier公司二次文献数据库（Scopus）、Directory of Open Access Journals（DOAJ）、ProQuest、HeinOnline法学全文数据库、中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）来源期刊核心库、万方数据收录。作为一本同行评议期刊，Forensic Sciences Research发表法庭科学内不同领域研究成果，包括法医学（病理学、临床学、精神病学、毒理学、物证学、人类学、毒物分析等），刑事技术，文检鉴定，微量物证鉴定，交通事故鉴定，与法庭科学相关的理化检查、生物学、生物医学、电子证据、司法会计、教育研究、司法鉴定体制研究等。栏目包括论著、综述、短篇报道、技术报道、案例报道等。

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How new nanotechnologies are changing the opioid analysis scenery?A comparison with classical analytical methods

Muhammad UsmanYawar BaigDonatella NardielloMaurizio Quinto...

1-14页

查看更多>>摘要：Opioids such as heroin,fentanyl,raw opium,and morphine have become a serious threat to the world population in the recent past,due to their increasing use and abuse.The detection of these drugs in biological samples is usually carried out by spectroscopic and/or chromatographic techniques,but the need for quick,sensitive,selective,and low-cost new analytical tools has pushed the development of new methods based on selective nanosensors,able to meet these requirements.Modern sensors,which utilize"next-generation"technologies like nanotechnology,have revolutionized drug detection methods,due to easiness of use,their low cost,and their high sensitivity and reliability,allowing the detection of opioids at trace levels in raw,pharmaceutical,and biological samples(e.g.blood,urine,saliva,and other biological fluids).The peculiar characteristics of these sensors not only have allowed on-site analyses(in the field,at the crime scene,etc.)but also they are nowadays replacing the gold standard analytical methods in the laboratory,even if a proper method validation is still required.This paper reviews advances in the field of nanotechnology and nanosensors for the detection of commonly abused opioids both prescribed(i.e.codeine and morphine)and illegal narcotics(i.e.heroin and fentanyl analogues).

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Improving the strategy to identify historical military remains:a literature review and Y-STR meta-analysis

Melinda R.MitchellJanet ChaselingLee JonesToni White...

15-22页

查看更多>>摘要：The identification of historical military remains by Unrecovered War Casualties—Army(UWC-A)currently relies on Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat(Y-STR)testing when maternal relatives are not available,or when a mitochondrial DNA match does not provide sufficient certainty of identification.However,common Y-STR profiles(using Yfiler™)between sets of remains or families often prevent identification.To resolve these cases,an investigation of additional Y-DNA markers is needed for their potential inclusion into the DNA identification strategy.The number of genetic transmissions between missing soldiers and their living relatives needs to be considered to avoid false exclusions between paternal relatives.Analysis of 236 World War Ⅰ/Ⅱ(WWI/Ⅱ)era pairs of relatives identified up to seven genetic transmissions between WWII soldiers and their living relatives,and nine for WWI.Previous Y-STR meta-analyses were published approximately 10 years ago when rapidly mutating markers were relatively new.This paper reports a contemporary literature review and meta-analysis of 35 studies(which includes 23 studies not previously used in meta-analysis)and 23 commonly used Y-STR's mutation rates to inform the inclusion of additional loci to UWC-A's DNA identification strategy.Meta-analysis found mutation data for a given Y-STR locus could be pooled between studies and that the mutation rates were significantly different between some loci(at P＜0.05).Based on this meta-analysis,we have identified two additional markers from PowerPlex® Y23 for potential inclusion in UWC-A's identification strategy.Further avenues for potential experimental exploration are discussed.

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Bullet ricochet mark plan-view morphology in concrete:an experimental assessment of five bullet types and two distances using machine learning

Metin I.ErenJay RomansRobert S.WalkerBriggs Buchanan...

23-32页

查看更多>>摘要：Bullet ricochets are common occurrences during shooting incidents and can provide a wealth of information useful for shooting incident reconstruction.However,there have only been a small number of studies that have systematically investigated bullet ricochet impact site morphology.Here,this study reports on an experiment that examined the plan-view morphology of 297 ricochet impact sites in concrete that were produced by five different bullet types shot from two distances.This study used a random forest machine learning algorithm to classify bullet types with morphological dimensions of the ricochet mark(impact)with length and perimeter-to-area ratio emerging as the top predictor variables.The 0.22 LR leaves the most distinctive impact mark on the concrete,and overall,the classification accuracy using leave-one-out cross-validation is 62％,considerably higher than a random classification accuracy of 20％.Adding in distance to the model as a predictor increases the classification accuracy to 66％.These initial results are promising,in that they suggest that an unknown bullet type can potentially be determined,or at least probabilistically assessed,from the morphology of the ricochet impact site alone.However,the substantial amount of overlap this study documented among distinct bullet types'ricochet mark morphologies under highly controlled conditions and with machine learning suggests that the human identification of ricochet marks in real-world shooting incident reconstructions may be on occasion,or perhaps regularly,in error.

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A bibliometric analysis of research trends for missing persons globally and in East Asia from 2000 to 2021

Zixuan ZengIshmael DikelediYehui Lv

33-45页

查看更多>>摘要：A bibliometric analysis was performed to explore the current research status and development trends for missing persons globally and in East Asia and to identify research hotspots and frontiers relating to this topic.A search was conducted to identify relevant literature on missing persons using the Web of Science Core Collection database for the period 2000-2021.Subsequently,a knowledge map was constructed using CiteSpace software to perform a visual analysis of the distribution of authors and institutions,journals,and national/regional distribution;citation frequency;high-frequency keywords;and emerging research hotspots.The results showed firstly that discussions on missing persons and related topics in East Asia are held at the regional scale.There is a paucity of research on this topic,which has been conducted on a limited scale,lacks depth and possibly innovation,and entails limited discussion in this region.Secondly,there is a lack of social science research on missing persons and related topics worldwide.Thirdly,relevant research in East Asia should continue to preserve its own characteristics,effectively addressing current issues and enabling more people to participate in social science-oriented discussions focusing on the topic of missing persons.This approach provides a promising direction for pursuing the sustainable development of the topic of missing persons.

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Improving accuracy of age estimates for insect evidence—calibration of physiological age at emergence (k)using insect size but without"k versus size"model

J?drzej Wydra?ukasz SmagaSzymon Matuszewski

46-51页

查看更多>>摘要：Postmortem interval may be estimated based on the age of insect evidence collected on a death scene.Reference data that are used in such estimation frequently comprise thermal summation constant(i.e.k),which is equal to the insect age upon completion of immature development expressed in accumulated degree-days or degree-hours(ADD or ADH).Essentially,k is a central point of an insect group and it may poorly represent insect evidence that is near the limits of variation for the group.Accordingly,it was postulated to calibrate k for particular insect evidence and insect size and sex were found to be useful for this purpose in some of the species.However,the calibration is only possible by using the model that correlates k with insect size.Since very few such models were published,this lack of data limits the calibration of k in forensic casework.In this article,we develop a formula that is useful for the calibration of k without the use of"k versus size"model(and related datasets).The formula uses k from the general thermal summation model for a species(with its standard error),size range for the species(retrieved from entomology literature),and size measurements for particular insect evidence.The calibration of k with the formula was validated using the Creophilus maxillosus(Coleoptera:Staphylinidae)and Necrodes littoralis(Coleoptera:Silphidae)datasets.It was particularly useful while analyzing unusually small and large insects,in case of which the formula reduced the inaccuracy of k from the general model on average by～25 ADD in C.maxillosus and～40 ADD in N.littoralis.We discuss the limitations and prospects of the calibration protocol that employs the formula.

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Systematical explorations of forensic feature and population genetic diversity of the Chinese Mongolian group from northwest China via a self-constructed InDei panel

Xuebing ChenHui XuWei CuiMing Zhao...

52-59页

查看更多>>摘要：This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphisms and population characteristics of Chinese Mongolian group from northwest China(NCM)through a self-developed panel including 43 autosomal insertion/deletion(A-InDel)polymorphism genetic markers.Herein,288 unrelated healthy individuals from the NCM group were employed to obtain the genetic data of 43 A-InDels through multiplex PCR amplification and InDel genotyping using capillary electrophoresis platform.In addition,multiplex population genetic analyses were performed between the NCM group and 27 reference populations.There were no deviations at 43 loci from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the NCM group.The observed heterozygosity(Ho)values ranged from 0.312 8 to 0.559 2,and the combined power of discrimination(CPD)and cumulative probability of exclusion(CPE)values in the NCM group were 0.999999999999 999 99877 and 0.999814,respectively.The forensic parameter values indicated that this panel was polymorphic and informative in the NCM group and could be used as an effective tool for forensic personal identification.Furthermore,the results of pairwise genetic distances,principal component analysis,multidimensional scaling analysis,phylogenetic tree construction,and admixture analysis among the NCM group and 27 reference populations revealed that there were closer genetic relationships between the NCM group and East Asian populations,especially Chinese Hui group(CHH)from the northwest China,which is consistent with the geographical location.These present findings contributed to the ongoing genetic explorations and insights into the genetic architecture of the NCM group.

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Dissimulation in forensic psychiatric evaluations,a case-control study of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-Ⅲ

Roberta RisolaGabriele MandarelliIgnazio GrattaglianoAnna Cassano...

60-65页

查看更多>>摘要：The possible tendency of subjects to decrease,hide,or omit symptomatic aspects of their mental functioning is one of the main problems in forensic psychological and psychiatric evaluations.We aimed at verifying the possible existence of significant differences in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-Ⅲ(MCMI-Ⅲ)scales scores between a sample of dissimulators(n=40)and their non-dissimulator counterpart matched by age,sex,and diagnosis.Cases and comparisons were retrieved from the archive of a single university forensic psychiatric centre between 2013 and 2022.Results showed statistically significant higher scores in the sample of dissimulators in the Desirability,Histrionic,Narcissistic,and Compulsive MCMI-Ⅲ scales than in the comparison sample.Point biserial correlation test disclosed a strong positive correlation between the Desirability,Histrionic,Narcissistic,and Compulsive scales of the MCMI-Ⅲ and being in the dissimulator group of subjects while a negative correlation emerged for all the other scales except drug dependence.

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Research on likelihood ratio evaluation method of fingerprint evidence based on parameter estimation method

Kang LiYishi HanYaping Luo

66-83页

查看更多>>摘要：Fingerprints with similar morphological characteristics but from different individuals can lead to errors in individual identification,especially when dealing with large databases containing millions of fingerprints.To address this issue and enhance the accuracy of similar fingerprint identification,the use of the likelihood ratio(LR)model for quantitative evaluation of fingerprint evidence has emerged as an effective research method.In this study,the LR fingerprint evidence evaluation model was established by using mathematical statistical methods,such as parameter estimation and hypothesis testing.This involved various steps,including database construction,scoring,fitting,calculation,and visual evaluation.Under the same-source conditions,the optimal parameter methods selected by different number of minutiae are gamma and Weibull distribution,while normal,Weibull,and lognormal distributions were the fitting parameters selected for minutiae configurations.The fitting parameters selected by different number of minutiae under different-source conditions are lognormal distribution,and the parameter methods selected for different minutiae configurations include Weibull,gamma,and lognormal distributions.The results of the LR model showed increased accuracy as the number of minutiae increased,indicating strong discriminative and corrective power.However,the accuracy of the LR evaluation based on different configurations was comparatively lower.In addition,the LR models with different numbers of minutiae outperformed those with different minutiae configurations.Our study shows that the use of LR models based on parametric methods is favoured in reducing the risk of fingerprint evidence misidentification,improving the quantitative assessment methods of fingerprint evidence,and promoting fingerprint identification from experience to science.

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Collaborative exercise:analysis of age estimation using a QIAGEN protocol and the PyroMark Q48 platform

Marie-Louise KampmannJan FleckhausClaus B?rstingHelena Jurtikova...

84-89页

查看更多>>摘要：Human age estimation from trace samples may give important leads early in a police investigation by contributing to the description of the perpetrator.Several molecular biomarkers are available for the estimation of chronological age,and currently,DNA methylation patterns are the most promising.In this study,a QIAGEN age protocol for age estimation was tested by five forensic genetic laboratories.The assay comprised bisulfite treatment of the extracted DNA,amplification of five CpG loci(in the genes of ELOVL2,C1orf132,TRIM59,KLF14,and FHL2),and sequencing of the amplicons using the PyroMark Q48 platform.Blood samples from 49 individuals with ages ranging from 18 to 64 years as well as negative and methylation controls were analyzed.An existing age estimation model was applied to display a mean absolute deviation of 3.62 years within the reference data set.

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Corpse identification in mass disasters and other violence:the ethical challenges of a humanitarian approach

Vina VaswaniLuciana CaenazzoDerek Congram

90-94页

查看更多>>摘要：In October 2022,the Centre for Ethics of Yenepoya University hosted a national workshop entitled:"Respect for human dignity of the unidentified dead from mass disasters and other violence:strategies for the ethical management of biological samples and personal data".The aim was to explore and share experience and ethical considerations regarding the management and identification of human remains in the event of disasters,with the purpose to arrive at a general consensus about what constitutes the ethical foundation of the management of unidentified human remains in forensic practice and,in particular,contextualizing this in India.The main ethical consideration that emerged was tracing the missing and identifying the dead are crucial to maintaining or restoring basic human rights and responsible relief activities.Identification is not only an organizational and scientific achievement but,regardless of circumstances,also necessarily and always an activity with significant political,epistemic,and philosophical relevance and consequence.In India,it could be important to consider new legal provisions for the management of human samples so that this would provide a starting point for the treatment of human remains managed for forensic purposes with uniformity in the country.Another important step in which governments should take part regards the involvement and education of the general public to develop their interest in this important goal.In the field of forensic anthropology,artificial intelligence can support,through the use of algorithms,the decision-making process that leads to the identification of the victim or its remains.Furthermore,they can be used to extract new knowledge from huge databases and shorten identification through computer automation of data binding activities.Applying artificial intelligence tools in forensic sciences to collect new information from massive datasets to enhance knowledge,and reduce human subjectivity and errors,provides a greater scientific basis that could improve the strength of the evidence and support the admissibility of expert evidence.In light of the general lack of national/international guidance about ethical oversight for identification and care of human remains,the fact that regulations are frequently not adequate to govern ethical aspects,we hope that an internationally recognized body should develop such guidance in collaboration with relevant organizations.

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