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工程（英文）
工程（英文）

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2095-8099

工程（英文）/Journal EngineeringCSTPCDCSCD北大核心SCI
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    An Ultracompact Spoof Surface Plasmon Sensing System for Adaptive and Accurate Detection of Gas Using a Smartphone

    Xuanru ZhangJia Wen ZhuTie Jun Cui
    86-94页
    查看更多>>摘要：Resonantly enhanced dielectric sensing has superior sensitivity and accuracy because the signal is mea-sured from relative resonance shifts that are immune to signal fluctuations.For applications in the Internet of Things(IoT),accurate detection of resonance frequency shifts using a compact circuit is in high demand.We proposed an ultracompact integrated sensing system that merges a spoof surface plas-mon resonance sensor with signal detection,processing,and wireless communication.A software-defined scheme was developed to track the resonance shift,which minimized the hardware circuit and made the detection adaptive to the target resonance.A microwave spoof surface plasmon resonator was designed to enhance sensitivity and resonance intensity.The integrated sensing system was con-structed on a printed circuit board with dimensions of 1.8 cm × 1.2 cm and connected to a smartphone wirelessly through Bluetooth,working in both frequency scanning mode and resonance tracking mode and achieving a signal-to-noise ratio of 69 dB in acetone vapor sensing.This study provides an ultracom-pact,accurate,adaptive,sensitive,and wireless solution for resonant sensors in the IoT.
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    Development of a Biodegradable,Cytocompatible,Antibacterial,and Biofilm-Controlling Chitosan Sulfobetaine Derivative Film as a Biological Material

    Maoli YinYingfeng WangXuehong RenTung-Shi Huang...
    95-103页
    查看更多>>摘要：The purpose of this research was to develop a chitosan sulfobetaine(CS-SNCC)film via the solution-casting method as a biodegradable antibacterial material for biomedical applications.Chitosan and monochloro-triazine sulfobetaine were used as the raw materials for CS-SNCC preparation,and Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis),energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)spectra were used to characterize and analyze the structure of the synthesized CS-SNCC.Furthermore,the swelling property,thermal stability,biodegradability,cyto-compatibility,and antibacterial properties of the CS-SNCC film were comprehensively investigated and compared with those of the chitosan film.The results for the film's enzymatic biodegradation behavior show that the CS-SNCC film undergoes a weight loss of 45.54％after 21 days of incubation.In addition,the CS-SNCC film effectively resists bacterial adhesion,prevents the formation of bacteria biofilms,and exhibits high antibacterial activity,with inactivation rates of 93.43％for Escherichia coli and 91.00％for Staphylococcus aureus.Moreover,the CS-SNCC film shows good cellular activity and cytocompatibility according to the cytotoxicity results.Therefore,the prepared biodegradable,cytocompatible,antibacte-rial,and biofilm-controlling CS-SNCC film has potential for biomedical applications.
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    Designing a Mordenite Catalyst with Enhanced Acidity for Dimethyl Ether Carbonylation by Engineering Open Sn Sites

    Ying LiMan YuGuodong QiYunduo Liu...
    104-114页
    查看更多>>摘要：Due to their tunable acidity,shape selectivity,and excellent stability,zeolites are of great importance as solid acid materials in industrial catalysis.Tuning the properties of the acid sites in zeolites allows for the rational design and fabrication of catalysts for target reactions.Dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation,a critical chain-growth reaction for C1 resource utilization,is selectively catalyzed by the Brønsted acid sites within the eight-membered rings(8-MRs)of mordenite(MOR).It is anticipated that strengthening the Brønsted acidity-particularly in 8-MRs-will improve the catalytic performance of MOR.In this work,density functional theory(DFT)calculations are first employed and the results used to design a modified MOR with stannum(Sn)and to predict the corresponding changes in acidity.Guided by the theoretical studies,a series of Sn-modified MOR are synthesized via a defect-engineering and subsequent heteroatom-substitution strategy.After partial desilication,isolated tetrahedral Sn species in an open configuration are successfully synthesized for the first time,within which tetrahedrally coordinated Al sites are preserved.An acidic characterization is used to confirm that the acidity of the Brønsted acid sites is enhanced by the introduction of the Sn species;as a result,the sample exhibits excellent activity in DME carbonylation reaction.Kinetic and DFT studies reveal that this strengthened acidity facilitates the adsorption of DME and reduces the activation barriers of DME dissociation and acetyl formation,accounting for the improved activity.The work demonstrates mechanistic insights into the promoting effects of strong acidity on DME carbonylation and offers a promising strategy to precisely control the acidic strength of zeolites.
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    Life-Cycle Carbon Emissions(LCCE)of Buildings:Implications,Calculations,and Reductions

    Zujian HuangHao ZhouZhijian MiaoHao Tang...
    115-139页
    查看更多>>摘要：The life-cycle assessment method,which originates from general products and services,has gradually come to be applied to investigations of the life-cycle carbon emissions(LCCE)of buildings.A literature review was conducted to clarify LCCE implications,calculations,and reductions in the context of build-ings.A total of 826 global building carbon emission calculation cases were obtained from 161 studies based on the framework of the building life-cycle stage division stipulated by ISO 21930 and the basic principles of the emission factor(EF)approach.The carbon emission calculation methods and results are discussed herein,based on the modules of production,construction,use,end-of-life,and supplemen-tary benefits.According to the hotspot distribution of a building's carbon emissions,carbon reduction strategies are classified into six groups for technical content and benefits analysis,including reducing the activity data pertaining to building materials and energy,reducing the carbon EFs of the building materials and energy,and exploiting the advantages of supplementary benefits.The research gaps and challenges in current building LCCE studies are summarized in terms of research goals and ideas,calcu-lation methods,basic parameters,and carbon reduction strategies;development suggestions are also proposed.
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    Physics-Informed Deep Learning-Based Real-Time Structural Response Prediction Method

    Ying ZhouShiqiao MengYujie LouQingzhao Kong...
    140-157页
    查看更多>>摘要：High-precision and efficient structural response prediction is essential for intelligent disaster prevention and mitigation in building structures,including post-earthquake damage assessment,structural health monitoring,and seismic resilience assessment of buildings.To improve the accuracy and efficiency of structural response prediction,this study proposes a novel physics-informed deep-learning-based real-time structural response prediction method that can predict a large number of nodes in a structure through a data-driven training method and an autoregressive training strategy.The proposed method includes a Phy-Seisformer model that incorporates the physical information of the structure into the model,thereby enabling higher-precision predictions.Experiments were conducted on a four-story masonry structure,an eleven-story reinforced concrete irregular structure,and a twenty-one-story rein-forced concrete frame structure to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.In addition,the effectiveness of the structure in the Phy-Seisformer model was verified using an ablation study.Furthermore,by conducting a comparative experiment,the impact of the range of seismic wave ampli-tudes on the prediction accuracy was studied.The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve very high accuracy and at least 5000 times faster calculation speed than finite element calculations for different types of building structures.
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    Multifunctional,Wearable,and Wireless Sensing System via Thermoelectric Fabrics

    Xinyang HeJiaxin CaiMingyuan LiuXuepeng Ni...
    158-167页
    查看更多>>摘要：Flexible thermoelectric materials play an important role in smart wearables,such as wearable power generation,self-powered sensing,and personal thermal management.However,with the rapid develop-ment of Internet of Things(IoT)and artificial intelligence(AI),higher standards for comfort,multifunc-tionality,and sustainable operation of wearable electronics have been proposed,and it remains challenging to meet all the requirements of currently reported thermoelectric devices.Herein,we present a multifunctional,wearable,and wireless sensing system based on a thermoelectric knitted fabric with over 600 mm·s-1 air permeability and a stretchability of 120％.The device coupled with a wireless trans-mission system realizes self-powered monitoring of human respiration through an mobile phone appli-cation(APP).Furthermore,an integrated thermoelectric system was designed to combine photothermal conversion and passive radiative cooling,enabling the characteristics of being powered by solar-driven in-plane temperature differences and monitoring outdoor sunlight intensity through the APP.Additionally,we decoupled the complex signals of resistance and thermal voltage during deformation under solar irradiation based on the anisotropy of the knitted fabrics to enable the device to monitor and optimize the outdoor physical activity of the athlete via the APP.This novel thermoelectric fabric-based wearable and wireless sensing platform has promising applications in next-generation smart textiles.
      原文链接:
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    Cu Distribution Pattern Controlled Active Species Generation and Sulfamethoxazole Degradation Routes in a Peroxymonosulfate System

    Ning LiHaoxi DaiMengting HeJun Wang...
    168-179页
    查看更多>>摘要：The distribution pattern of metals as active centers on a substrate can influence the peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation and contaminants degradation.Herein,atomic layer deposition is applied to prepare Cu single atom(SA-Cu),cluster(C-Cu),and film(F-Cu)decorated MXene catalysts by regulating the number of deposition cycles.In comparison with SA-Cu-MXene(adsorption energy(Eads)=-4.236 eV)and F-Cu-MXene(Eads=-3.548 eV),PMS is shown to adsorb preferably on the C-Cu-MXene surface for activation(Eads=-5.435 eV),realizing higher utilization efficiency.More SO4·-are generated in C-Cu-MXene/PMS system with steady-state concentration and 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than those in the SA-Cu-MXene and F-Cu-MXene activated PMS systems.Particularly,the contribution of SO4·-oxidation to sul-famethoxazole(SMX)degradation followed the order,C-Cu-MXene(97.3％)＞SA-Cu-MXene(90.4％)＞F-Cu-MXene(71.9％),realizing the larger SMX degradation rate in the C-Cu-MXene/PMS system with the degradation rate constants(k)at 0.0485 min1.Additionally,SMX degradation routes in C-Cu-MXene/PMS system are found with fewer toxic intermediates.Through this work,we highlighted the importance of guided design of heterogeneous catalysts in the PMS system.Appropriate metal distribution patterns need to be selected according to the actual water treatment demand.Metal sites could be then fully uti-lized to produce specific active species to improve the utilization efficiency of the oxidants.
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    Unveiling the Mechanism Underlying the Effects of Ammonia on n-Caproate Production:Influenced Pathways,Key Enzymes,and Microbiota Functions

    Qing-Lian WuKe-Xin YuanWei-Tong RenLin Deng...
    180-190页
    查看更多>>摘要：n-Caproate,which is produced via chain elongation(CE)using waste biomass,can supply various fossil-derived products,thus advancing the realization of carbon neutrality.Ammonia released from the degra-dation of nitrogen-rich waste biomass can act as a nutrient or an inhibitor in anaerobic bioprocesses,including CE,with the distinction being primarily dependent on its concentration.Currently,the optimal concentration of ammonia and the threshold of toxicity for open-culture n-caproate production using ethanol as an electron donor,along with the underlying mechanisms,remain unclear.This study revealed that the optimal concentration of ammonia for n-caproate production was 2.0 g·L-1,whereas concentra-tions exceeding this threshold markedly suppressed the CE performance.Exploration of the mechanism revealed the involvement of two forms of ammonia(i.e.,ammonium ions and free ammonia)in this inhi-bitory behavior.High ammonia levels(5.0 g·L-1)induced excessive ethanol oxidation and suppressed the reverse β-oxidation(RBO)process,directly leading to the enhanced activities of enzymes(phospho-transacetylase and acetate kinase)responsible for acetate formation and diminished activities of butyryl-coenzyme A(CoA):acetyl-CoA transferase,caproyl-CoA:butyryl-CoA transferase,and caproyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA transferase that are involved in the syntheses of n-butyrate and n-caproate.Furthermore,the composition of the microbial community shifted from Paraclostridium dominance(at 0.1 g·L-1 ammonia)to a co-dominance of Fermentimonas,Clostridium sensu stricto 12,and Clostridium sensu stricto 15 at 2.0 g·L-1 ammonia.However,these CE-functional bacteria were mostly absent in the presence of excessive ammonia(5.0 g·L-1 ammonia).Metagenomic analysis revealed the upregulation of functions such as RBO,fatty acid synthesis,K+efflux,adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase)metabolism,and metal cation export in the presence of 2.0 g·L-1 ammonia,collectively contributing to enhanced n-caproate production.Conversely,the aforementioned functions(excluding metal cation export)and K+influx were suppressed by excessive ammonia,undermining both ammonia detoxification and n-caproate biosynthesis.The comprehensive elucidation of ammonia-driven mechanisms influencing n-caproate production,as provided in this study,is expected to inspire researchers to devise effective strategies to alleviate ammonia-induced inhibition.
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    Photothermal-Management Agricultural Films Toward Industrial Planting:Opportunities and Challenges

    Song ZhangZhang ChenChuanxiang CaoYuanyuan Cui...
    191-200页
    查看更多>>摘要：As indispensable parts of greenhouses and plant factories,agricultural covering films play a prominent role in regulating microclimate environments.Polyethylene covering films directly transmit the full solar spectrum.However,this high level of sunlight transmission may be inappropriate or even harmful for crops with specific photothermal requirements.Modern greenhouses are integrated with agricultural covering materials,heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems,and smart irrigation and communication technologies to maximize planting efficiency.This review provides insight into the pho-tothermal requirements of crops and ways to meet these requirements,including new materials based on passive radiative cooling and light scattering,simulations to evaluate the energy consumption and envi-ronmental conditions in a greenhouse,and data mining to identify key biological growth factors and thereby improve new covering films.Finally,future challenges and directions for photothermal-management agricultural films are elaborated on to bridge the gap between lab-scale research and large-scale practical applications.
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    A Novel Light-Responsive Gene BcCfaS Regulates the Photomorphogenesis and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea via Lipid Metabolism

    Guangjin LiZhanquan ZhangYong ChenTong Chen...
    201-213页
    查看更多>>摘要：Light is a fundamental environmental factor for living organisms on earth-not only as a primary energy source but also as an informational signal.In fungi,light can be used as an indicator for both time and space to control important physiological and morphological responses.Botrytis cinerea(B.cinerea)is a devastating phytopathogenic fungus that exploits light cues to optimize virulence and the balance between conidiation and sclerotia development,thereby improving its dispersal and survival in ecosys-tems.However,the components and mechanisms underlying these processes remain obscure.Here,we identify a novel light-signaling component in B.cinerea,BcCfaS,which encodes a putative cyclopropane fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase.BcCfaS is strongly induced by light at the transcriptional level and plays a crucial role in regulating photomorphogenesis.Deletion of BcCfaS results in reduced vegetative growth,altered colony morphology,impaired sclerotial development,and enhanced conidiation in a light-dependent manner.Moreover,the mutant exhibits serious defects in stress response and virulence on the host.Based on a lipidomics analysis,a number of previously unknown fungal lipids and many BcCfaS-regulated lipids are identified in B.cinerea,including several novel phospholipids and fatty acids.Importantly,we find that BcCfaS controls conidiation and sclerotial development by positively regulating methyl jasmonate(MeJA)synthesis to activate the transcription of light-signaling components,revealing for the first time the metabolic base of photomorphogenesis in fungi.Thus,we propose that BcCfaS serves as an integration node for light and lipid metabolism,thereby providing a regulatory mechanism by which fungi adapt their development to a changing light environment.These new findings provide an important target for antifungal design to prevent and control fungal disease.
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