查看更多>>摘要：High heat transfer coefficient(HTC)and critical heat flux(CHF)are achieved in liquid film boiling by coupling vibrant vapor bubbles with a capillary liquid film,which has thus received increased interest for thermal management of high-power electronics.Although some experimental progress has been made,a high-fidelity heat transfer model for liquid film boiling is lacking.This work develops a thermal-hydrodynamic model by considering both evaporation atop the wick and nucleate boiling inside the wick to simultaneously predict the HTC and CHF.Nucleate boiling is modeled with microlayer evaporation theory,where a unified scaling factor is defined to characterize the change of microlayer area with heat flux.The scaling factor η is found to be independent of wicking structure and can be determined from a few measurements.This makes our model universal to predict the liquid film boiling heat transfer for various micro-structured surfaces including micropillar,micropowder,and micromesh.This work not only sheds light on understanding fundamental mechanisms of phase-change heat transfer,but also provides a tool for designing micro-structured surfaces in thermal management.
查看更多>>摘要：Single-nucleotide variants(SNVs)are the most common type variation of sequence alterations at a specific location in the genome,thus involving significant clinical and biological information.The assay of SNVs has engaged great awareness,because many genome-wide association studies demonstrated that SNVs are highly associated with serious human diseases.Moreover,the investigation of SNV expression levels in single cells are capable of visualizing genetic information and revealing the complexity and heterogeneity of single-nucleotide mutation-related diseases.Thus,developing SNV assay approaches in vitro,particularly in single cells,is becoming increasingly in demand.In this review,we summarized recent progress in the enzyme-free and enzyme-mediated strategies enabling SNV assay transition from sensing interface to the test tube and single cells,which will potentially delve deeper into the knowledge of SNV functions and disease associations,as well as discovering new pathways to diagnose and treat diseases based on individual genetic profiles.The leap of SNV assay achievements will motivate observation and measurement genetic variations in single cells,even within living organisms,delve into the knowledge of SNV functions and disease associations,as well as open up entirely new avenues in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases based on individual genetic profiles.
查看更多>>摘要：Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(CE-MRI)is a pivotal tool for global disease diagnosis and management.Since its clinical availability in 2009,the off-label use of ferumoxytol for ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI(FE-MRI)has significantly reshaped CE-MRI practices.Unlike MRI that is enhanced by gadolinium-based contrast agents,FE-MRI offers advantages such as reduced contrast agent dosage,extended imaging windows,no nephrotoxicity,higher MRI time efficiency and the capability for molecular imaging.As a leading superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent,ferumoxytol is heralded as the next generation of contrast agents.This review delineates the pivotal clinical applications and inherent technical superiority of FE-MRI,providing an avant-garde medical-engineering interdisciplinary lens,thus bridging the gap between clinical demands and engineering innovations.Concurrently,we spotlight the emerging imaging themes and new technical breakthroughs.Lastly,we share our own insights on the potential trajectory of FE-MRI,shedding light on its future within the medical imaging realm.
查看更多>>摘要：China's aging demographic poses a challenge for treating prevalent bone diseases impacting life quality.As bone regeneration capacity diminishes with age due to cellular dysfunction and inflammation,advanced biomaterials-based approaches offer hope for aged bone regeneration.This review synthesizes materiobiology principles,focusing on biomaterials that target specific biological functions to restore tissue integrity.It covers strategies for stem cell manipulation,regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment,blood vessel regeneration,intervention in bone anabolism and catabolism,and nerve regulation.The review also explores molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying aged bone regeneration and proposes a database-driven design process for future biomaterial development.These insights may also guide therapies for other age-related conditions,contributing to the pursuit of'healthy aging'.
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