查看更多>>摘要：心磷脂是主要存在于线粒体内膜的一种结构独特的磷脂，在线粒体稳态和功能调节中发挥重要作用。线粒体稳态方面，心磷脂参与线粒体分裂、融合和自噬，调节线粒体的含量与结构；线粒体功能方面，心磷脂在线粒体介导的氧化磷酸化、代谢物转运和细胞凋亡等过程中发挥了独特的作用。心磷脂稳态的失衡，具体表现为含量的改变、酰基链的重塑和过氧化，可导致线粒体功能障碍并参与多种与线粒体功能障碍相关疾病的病理生理过程。本文综述了心磷脂参与线粒体稳态维持和功能调节的研究进展，并介绍了心磷脂在线粒体功能障碍相关内分泌疾病中的作用，以期对心磷脂功能研究和相关疾病的治疗起到启发作用。 Cardiolipin is a kind of phospholipid with a unique structure on the inner membrane of mitochondria. Cardiolipin plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and function, which is attributed to its special structure. In terms of mitochondrial homeostasis, cardiolipin participates in the autophagy, fission, and fusion of mitochondria, and regulates the content and structure of mitochondria. In terms of function, cardiolipin plays a unique role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, cellular metabolite transport, and cell apoptosis. Changes in cardiolipin homeostasis, manifested by alteration in content, remodeling of acyl chains, and peroxidation, can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and participate in pathophysiological processes in a variety of diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews studies of cardiolipin in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and function, and introduces the role of cardiolipin in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, to promote the study of cardiolipin function and the treatment of related diseases.
查看更多>>摘要：妊娠诱发库欣综合征是指妊娠状态所诱发的库欣综合征，一般患者在分娩后或终止妊娠后症状得到缓解。该病非常罕见，但对母体与胎儿均产生严重危害。妊娠诱发库欣综合征和妊娠合并库欣综合征在临床表现上相似，但在发病机制及治疗方法上存在差异，诊断较为困难，治疗面临挑战。本文主要针对妊娠诱发库欣综合征的发病机制、诊断和治疗进行简要综述，旨在为妊娠诱发库欣综合征患者的临床管理提供借鉴。 Pregnancy-induced Cushing′s syndrome refers to Cushing′s syndrome induced by the state of pregnancy. Generally, patients experience relief in symptoms after delivery or termination of pregnancy. This disease is very rare, but it can cause serious harm to both the mothers and the fetuses. The clinical manifestations of pregnancy-induced Cushing′s syndrome and pregnancy with Cushing′s syndrome are similar, but there are differences in pathogenesis and treatment methods, making diagnosis difficult and treatment challenging. This article mainly reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapies of pregnancy-induced Cushing′s syndrome, aiming to provide possible suggestions for the clinical management of this condition.
查看更多>>摘要：2020年初，新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV2)席卷全球，该病毒引发的肺炎命名为新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019)，各个国家疫情期间常规临床医疗诊治工作遭受极大冲击，传统"面对面"诊治医疗模式在新冠疫情期间实施有一定的难度，对糖尿病足溃疡的防治目标应从疫情前的尽量提高足溃疡愈合率、缩短愈合时间转变为预防足溃疡发生、阻止足溃疡感染加重、足溃疡恶化并尽量避免住院。故本文对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间糖尿病足溃疡患者诊治模式进行综述，对类似突发医疗事件期间糖尿病足溃疡的诊治策略提供依据。 In 2020, the novel coronavirus swept across the globe, and the pneumonia caused by this virus was named Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19).The outbreak of the virus has greatly impacted routine clinical care in various countries, as the traditional "face-to-face" medical treatment model has faced difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the treatment goals for diabetic foot ulcers during the pandemic should shift from improving ulcer healing rates and reducing healing time to preventing ulcer occurrence, stopping ulcer infection from worsening, and avoiding hospitalization as much as possible.Therefore, this article explores the changes in the diagnosis and treatment model for diabetic foot patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to provide strategies of, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention for patients with diabetic foot ulcers during similar medical emergencies.
查看更多>>摘要：青少年起病的成人型糖尿病(maturity-onset diabetes of the young，MODY)是一组由胰岛素分泌相关基因缺陷导致的常染色体显性遗传的单基因糖尿病。多数MODY患者由于缺乏特异性的临床表现，临床上易被误诊为1型糖尿病或2型糖尿病，因此需要基因检测来确诊[1]。目前已发现的MODY相关基因共14个[2]，分别对应MODY 1～14型。在这14种MODY类型中，最常见的是MODY2，占所有MODY患者的10%～60%[3]。MODY12是一种罕见的MODY类型，占所有MODY类型的比例<1%[4]。该病最早于2012年由Bowman等[5]报道，目前我国关于MODY12的报道很少[6,7,8,9,10,11]，治疗经验有限。本研究报道了一例曾误诊为1型糖尿病的MODY12病例，旨在提高临床医生对该病的认识，减少误诊及漏诊。
查看更多>>摘要：2022年10月，国际儿童青少年糖尿病学会发布了关于儿童糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)和高血糖高渗状态(HHS)的诊治指南。和往年指南相比，该指南对DKA的诊断标准进行了更新，同时强调早期液体复苏、DKA和HHS诊疗的差异性以及专业团队对儿童DKA治疗的重要性。本文旨在介绍并解读该儿童指南的要点，同时评述与2020年英国儿科内分泌与糖尿病学会儿童及青少年DKA指南和中华医学会糖尿病学分会成人DKA指南的差异部分，以期为临床医师及相关研究者更好地理解和管理儿童DKA和HHS提供借鉴。 The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) published the Management Guidelines for Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis(DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State(HHS) in October, 2022. Compared with previous guidelines, this guideline updates the diagnostic criteria of DKA, and emphasizes the differences of early fluid and electrolyte therapy, diagnosis and treatment between DKA and HHS, as well as the importance of professional teams in the management of children′s DKA and HHS. This paper will introduce the key points of the guidelines and discuss the differences between children and adults with reference to the guidelines issued in 2020 by British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and Chinese Diabetes Society in order to assist the clinicians to better understand understand and manage the pediatric patients with DKA and HHS.
查看更多>>摘要：随着全球儿童及青少年肥胖患病率的上升，儿童和青少年2型糖尿病的患病率也不断增加。自2018年国际儿童青少年糖尿病学会(ISPAD)发布儿童青少年2型糖尿病这一主题的指南以来，全球各地的大型队列研究也陆续报道了针对这类人群的循证医学研究证据，儿童及青少年作为特殊的2型糖尿病人群受到越来越多的关注。2022年11月，ISPAD发布了新版儿童和青少年2型糖尿病管理指南。指南重点介绍了青少年2型糖尿病的危险因素，筛查和诊断，药物治疗以及合并症与并发症的处理等。新版指南的颁布为儿童及青少年2型糖尿病的规范性管理提供了重要指导。 The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is rapidly increasing along with the epidemic of childhood obesity worldwide. Since the international society for pediatric and adolescent diabetes (ISPAD) published guideline on the topic of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in 2018, evidence of evidence-based medical research for this population has been reported in large cohort studies. Therefore, in November 2022, ISPAD issued a new edition of guideline for the management of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. The guideline focuses on risk factors, screening and diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, and management of comorbidities and complications of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. The new edition of the guideline provides important guidance for the standardized management of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.
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