查看更多>>摘要：Wind energy has become one of the most important measures for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goal.The spatial and temporal evolvement of economic competitiveness for wind energy becomes an important concern in shaping the decarbonization pathway in China.There has been an urgent need in power system planning to model the future dynamics of cost decline and supply potential for wind power in the context of carbon neutrality until 2060.Existing studies often fail to capture the rapid decline in the cost of wind power generation in recent years,and the prediction of wind power cost decline is more conservative than the reality.This study constructs an integrated model to evaluate the cost-competitiveness and grid parity potential of China's onshore wind electricity at fine spatial reso-lution with updated parameters.Results indicate that the total onshore wind potential amounts to 54.0 PWh.The average levelized cost of wind power is expected to decline from CNY 0.39 kWh-1 in 2020 to CNY 0.30 and CNY 0.21 kWh-1 in 2030 and 2060.28.3％,67.6％,and 97.6％of the technical potentials hold power costs lower than coal power in 2020,2030,and 2060.
查看更多>>摘要：The impact of reductive pulmonary inhalants on ultrafine particles(UFPs)-induced pulmonary oxidative stress remains a crucial consideration,yet the concentration-dependent effects of these inhalants have remained unexplored.Here we synthesized composite UFPs simulating atmospheric UFPs,primarily composed of metals and quinones.We subjected these UFPs to varying concentrations(0-7000 μM)of two reductive pulmonary inhalants,N-acetylcysteine and salbutamol,to assess their influence on oxidative potential,measured through the dithiothreitol assay(OPDTT).Simultaneously,we analysed the soluble metal content of UFPs to uncover potential relationships between oxidative potential and metal solubility.Our results unveil a dual role played by these inhalants in shaping the OPDTT of composite UFPs.Specifically,OPDTT generally increased as inhalant concentrations rose from 0 to 300 μM.However,an intriguing reversal occurred when concentrations exceeded 500 μM,resulting in a decline in OPDTT.Relative to untreated UFPs,these inhalants induced promotion and inhibition effects within concen-tration ranges of 100-500 and＞1000 μM,respectively.While no significant correlation emerged be-tween OPDTT and soluble metal content as inhalant concentrations ranged from 0 to 7000 μM,noteworthy positive correlations emerged at lower inhalant concentrations(e.g.,N-acetylcysteine at 0-300 μM).These findings provide insights into the potential influence of reductive pulmonary inhalants on health risks associated with UFP exposure,further underscoring the need for continued research in this critical area.
Yanhong BianAaron LeiningerHarold D.MayZhiyong Jason Ren...
125-131页
查看更多>>摘要：Microbial electrosynthesis(MES)converts CO2 into value-added products such as volatile fatty acids(VFAs)with minimal energy use,but low production titer has limited scale-up and commercialization.Mediated electron transfer via H2 on the MES cathode has shown a higher conversion rate than the direct biofilm-based approach,as it is tunable via cathode potential control and accelerates electrosynthesis from CO2.Here we report high acetate titers can be achieved via improved in situ H2 supply by nickel foam decorated carbon felt cathode in mixed community MES systems.Acetate concentration of 12.5 g L-1 was observed in 14 days with nickel-carbon cathode at a poised potential of-0.89 V(vs.standard hydrogen electrode,SHE),which was much higher than cathodes using stainless steel(5.2 g L-1)or carbon felt alone(1.7 g L-1)with the same projected surface area.A higher acetate con-centration of 16.0 g L-1 in the cathode was achieved over long-term operation for 32 days,but crossover was observed in batch operation,as additional acetate(5.8 g L-1)was also found in the abiotic anode chamber.We observed the low Faradaic efficiencies in acetate production,attributed to partial H2 uti-lization for electrosynthesis.The selective acetate production with high titer demonstrated in this study shows the H2-mediated electron transfer with common cathode materials carries good promise in MES development.
Xuan YangYongqiang ZhouXiaoying YangYunlin Zhang...
132-138页
查看更多>>摘要：The presence of organic matter in lakes profoundly impacts drinking water supplies,yet treatment processes involving coagulants and disinfectants can yield carcinogenic disinfection by-products.Traditional assessments of organic matter,such as chemical oxygen demand(CODMn)and biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),are often time-consuming.Alternatively,optical measurements of dissolved organic matter(DOM)offer a rapid and reliable means of obtaining organic matter composition data.Here we employed DOM optical measurements in conjunction with parallel factor analysis to scrutinize CODMn and BOD5 variability.Validation was performed using an independent dataset encompassing six lakes on the Yungui Plateau from 2014 to 2016(n=256).Leveraging multiple linear regressions(MLRs)applied to DOM absorbance at 254 nm(a254)and fluorescence components C1-C5,we successfully traced CODMn and BOD5 variations across the entire plateau(68 lakes,n=271,R2＞0.8,P＜0.0001).Notably,DOM optical indices yielded superior estimates(higher R2)of CODMn and BOD5 during the rainy season compared to the dry season and demonstrated increased accuracy(R2＞0.9)in mesotrophic lakes compared to oligotrophic and eutrophic lakes.This study underscores the utility of MLR-based DOM indices for inferring CODMn and BOD5 variability in plateau lakes and highlights the potential of inte-grating in situ and remote sensing platforms for water pollution early warning.
查看更多>>摘要：Methane metabolism,driven by methanogenic and methanotrophic microorganisms,plays a pivotal role in the carbon cycle.As seawater intrusion and soil salinization rise due to global environmental shifts,understanding how salinity affects methane emissions,especially in deep strata,becomes imperative.Yet,insights into stratigraphic methane release under varying salinity conditions remain sparse.Here we investigate the effects of salinity on methane metabolism across terrestrial and coastal strata(15-40 m depth)through in situ and microcosm simulation studies.Coastal strata,exhibiting a salinity level five times greater than terrestrial strata,manifested a 12.05％decrease in total methane production,but a staggering 687.34％surge in methane oxidation,culminating in 146.31％diminished methane emissions.Salinity emerged as a significant factor shaping the methane-metabolizing microbial community's dy-namics,impacting the methanogenic archaeal,methanotrophic archaeal,and methanotrophic bacterial communities by 16.53％,27.25％,and 22.94％,respectively.Furthermore,microbial interactions influenced strata system methane metabolism.Metabolic pathway analyses suggested Atribacteria JS1's potential role in organic matter decomposition,facilitating methane production via Methanofastidiosales.This study thus offers a comprehensive lens to comprehend stratigraphic methane emission dynamics and the overarching factors modulating them.
查看更多>>摘要：The spatiotemporal variability of lake partial carbon dioxide pressure(pCO2)introduces uncertainty into CO2 flux estimates at the lake water-air interface.Knowing the variation pattern of pCO2 is important for obtaining accurate global estimation.Here we examine seasonal and trophic variations in lake pCO2 based on 13 field campaigns conducted in Chinese lakes from 2017 to 2021.We found significant seasonal fluctuations in pCO2,with decreasing values as trophic states intensify within the same region.Saline lakes exhibit lower pCO2 levels than freshwater lakes.These pCO2 dynamics result in variable areal CO2 emissions,with lakes exhibiting different trophic states(oligotrophication＞mesotrophication＞eutrophication)and saline lakes differing from freshwater lakes(-23.1±17.4 vs.19.3±18.3 mmol m-2 d-1).These spatiotemporal pCO2 variations complicate total CO2 emission estimations.Using area proportions of lakes with varying trophic states and salinity in China,we estimate China's lake CO2 flux at 8.07 Tg C yr-1.In future studies,the importance of accounting for lake salinity,seasonal dynamics,and trophic states must be noticed to enhance the accuracy of large-scale carbon emission estimates from lake ecosystems in the context of climate change.
查看更多>>摘要：Transition metal sulfides have garnered increasing attention for their role in persulfate activation,a crucial process in environmental remediation.However,the function of metal sulfides without reversible valence changes,such as ZnS,remains largely unexplored in this context.Here we report ZnS-embedded porous carbon(ZnS-C),synthesized through the pyrolysis of Zn-MOF-74 and dibenzyl disulfide.ZnS-C demonstrates remarkable activity in activating peroxydisulfate(PDS)across a wide pH range,enabling the efficient mineralization removal of bisphenol A(BPA).Through electrochemical investigation and theoretical simulations of charge density distributions,we unveil that the electron transfer from BPA to PDS mediated by the ZnS-C catalyst governs the reaction.This study,both in theory and experiment,demonstrates metal sulfide as electron pump that enhances electron transfer efficiency in PDS activation.These findings redefine the role of metal sulfide catalysts,shedding new light on their potential for regulating reaction pathways in PDS activation processes.
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