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世界儿科杂志（英文版）
世界儿科杂志（英文版）

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世界儿科杂志（英文版）/Journal World Journal of PediatricsCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
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    Resurgence of pertussis:reasons and coping strategies

    Chun-Zhen HuaHan-Qing HeQiang Shu
    639-642页
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    Thermoregulation,incubator humidity,and skincare practices in appropriate for gestational age ultra-low birth weight infants:need for more evidence

    Umesh MishraDeanne AugustKaren WalkerPranav R.Jani...
    643-652页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Although not universal,active care is being offered to infants weighing＜500 g at birth,referred to as ultra-low birth weight(ULBW)infants appropriate for gestational age.These infants have the greatest risk of dying or developing major morbidities.ULBW infants face challenges related to fluid and heat loss as well as skin injury in the initial days of life from extreme anatomical and physiological immaturity of the skin.Although there is an emerging literature on the outcomes of ULBW infants,there is a paucity of evidence to inform practice guidelines for delivering optimal care to this cohort of infants.Data sources A comprehensive review of the literature was performed using the PubMed and Embase databases.Searched keywords included"thermoregulation or body temperature regulation","incubator humidity","skin care","infant,extremely low birth weight"and"ultra-low birth weight infants".Results Evidences for thermoregulation,incubator humidity,and skincare practices are available for preterm infants weigh-ing＜1500 g at birth but not specifically for ULBW infants.Studies on thermoregulation,incubator humidity,or skincare practices had a small sample size and did not include a sub-group analysis for ULBW infants.Current practice recommenda-tions in ULBW infants are adopted from research in very and/or extremely low birth weight infants.Conclusions This narrative review focuses on challenges in thermoregulation,incubator humidity,and skincare practices in ULBW infants,highlights current research gaps and suggests potential developments for informing practices for improving health outcomes in ULBW infants.
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    Type Ⅰ interferon pathway in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus

    Yu ZhouHong-Mei Song
    653-668页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background The role of type Ⅰ interferon(IFN-Ⅰ)signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)has been well established.However,unanswered questions remain regarding the applicability of these findings to pediatric-onset SLE.The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the novel discoveries on IFN-Ⅰ signaling in pediatric-onset SLE.Data sources A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using the following keywords:"pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus"and"type Ⅰ interferon".Results IFN-Ⅰ signaling is increased in pediatric SLE,largely due to the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and pathways such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-TANK-binding kinase 1 and Toll-like receptor(TLR)4/TLR9.Neutrophil extracellular traps and oxidative DNA damage further stimulate IFN-Ⅰ production.Genetic variants in IFN-Ⅰ-related genes,such as IFN-regulatory factor 5 and tyrosine kinase 2,are linked to SLE sus-ceptibility in pediatric patients.In addition,type Ⅰ interferonopathies,characterized by sustained IFN-Ⅰ activation,can mimic SLE symptoms and are thus important to distinguish.Studies on interferonopathies also contribute to explor-ing the pathogenesis of SLE.Measuring IFN-Ⅰ activation is crucial for SLE diagnosis and stratification.Both IFN-stimulated gene expression and serum IFN-α2 levels are common indicators.Flow cytometry markers such as CD169 and galectin-9 are promising alternatives.Anti-IFN therapies,such as sifalimumab and anifrolumab,show promise in adult patients with SLE,but their efficacy in pediatric patients requires further investigation.Janus kinase inhibitors are another treatment option for severe pediatric SLE patients.Conclusions This review presents an overview of the IFN-Ⅰ pathway in pediatric SLE.Understanding the intricate relation-ship between IFN-Ⅰ and pediatric SLE may help to identify potential diagnostic markers and targeted therapies,paving the way for improved patient care and outcomes.
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    Perinatal prevalence of birth defects in the Mainland of China,2000-2021:a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Liang-Yu KangZi-Rui GuoWei-Jing ShangGui-Ying Cao...
    669-681页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Although birth defects are of great concern globally,the latest national prevalence has not yet been quanti-fied in China.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the perinatal prevalence of birth defects in the Mainland of China between 2000 and 2021.Methods We performed a systematic literature search of six databases for relevant articles published between January 1,2000,and March 1,2023.We included published studies that reported data on the perinatal prevalence of birth defects in the Mainland of China.The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled prevalence and its 95％confidence interval(CI).We also conducted subgroup analyses and univariable meta-regressions to explore differences in prevalence by time period,geographic region,and other characteristics.Results We included 254 studies reporting the perinatal prevalence of birth defects and 86 studies reporting only the preva-lence of specific types of birth defects.Based on 254 studies covering 74,307,037 perinatal births and 985,115 cases with birth defects,the pooled perinatal prevalence of birth defects was 122.54(95％CI 116.20-128.89)per 10,000 perinatal births in the Mainland of China during 2000-2021.Overall,the perinatal prevalence of birth defects increased from 95.60(86.51-104.69)per 10,000 in 2000-2004 to 208.94(175.67-242.22)per 10,000 in 2020-2021.There were also significant disparities among different geographical regions.Congenital heart defects(33.35 per 10,000),clefts of the lip and/or palate(13.52 per 10,000),polydactyly(12.82 per 10,000),neural tube defects(12.82 per 10,000),and inborn errors of metabolism(11.41 per 10,000)were the five most common types of birth defects.The perinatal prevalence among males was significantly higher than that among females(β=2.44x 10-3,P=0.003);a higher perinatal prevalence of birth defects was observed among perinatal births whose mothers were≥35 years(P=4.34x 10-3,P＜0.001).Conclusion Comprehensive and sustained efforts are needed to strengthen surveillance and detection of birth defects,improve prenatal and postnatal healthcare,and promote rehabilitation,especially in underdeveloped areas.
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    Clinical-based phenotypes in children with pediatric post-COVID-19 condition

    Lieke C.E.NoijJelle M.BlankestijnCoen R.LapMarlies A.van Houten...
    682-691页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Pediatric post coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)condition(PPCC)is a heterogeneous syndrome,which can significantly affect the daily lives of children.This study aimed to identify clinically meaningful phenotypes in children with PPCC,to better characterize and treat this condition.Methods Participants were children with physician-diagnosed PPCC,referred to the academic hospital Amsterdam UMC in the Netherlands between November 2021 and March 2023.Demographic factors and information on post-COVID symptoms,comorbidities,and impact on daily life were collected.Clinical clusters were identified using an unsupervised and unbiased approach for mixed data types.Results Analysis of 111 patients(aged 3-18 years)revealed three distinct clusters within PPCC.Cluster 1(n=62,median age=15 years)predominantly consisted of girls(74.2％).These patients suffered relatively more from exercise intolerance,dyspnea,and smell disorders.Cluster 2(n=33,median age=13 years)contained patients with an even gender distribution(51.5％girls).They suffered from relatively more sleep problems,memory loss,gastrointestinal symptoms,and arthralgia.Cluster 3(n=16,median age=11 years)had a higher proportion of boys(75.0％),suffered relatively more from fever,had significantly fewer symptoms(median of 5 symptoms compared to 8 and 10 for clusters 1 and 2 respectively),and experi-enced a lower impact on daily life.Conclusions This study identified three distinct clinical PPCC phenotypes,with variations in sex,age,symptom patterns,and impact on daily life.These findings highlight the need for further research to understand the potentially diverse underlying mechanisms contributing to post-COVID symptoms in children.
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    Long-term outcomes of very low birth weight infants with intraventricular hemorrhage:a nationwide population study from 2011 to 2019

    Joonsik ParkSook-Hyun ParkYu-ra KwonSo Jin Yoon...
    692-700页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Advancements in neonatal care have increased preterm infant survival but paradoxically raised intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)rates.This study explores IVH prevalence and long-term outcomes of very low birth weight(VLBW)infants in Korea over a decade.Methods Using Korean National Health Insurance data(NHIS,2010-2019),we identified 3372 VLBW infants with IVH among 4,129,808 live births.Health-related claims data,encompassing diagnostic codes,diagnostic test costs,and adminis-tered procedures were sourced from the NHIS database.The results of the developmental assessments are categorized into four groups based on standard deviation(SD)scores.Neonatal characteristics and complications were compared among the groups.Logistic regression models were employed to identify significant changes in the incidence of complications and to calculate odds ratios with corresponding 95％confidence intervals for each risk factor associated with mortality and morbid-ity in IVH.Long-term growth and development were compared between the two groups(years 2010-2013 and 2014-2017).Results IVH prevalence was 12％in VLBW and 16％in extremely low birth weight(ELBW)infants.Over the past decade,IVH rates increased significantly in ELBW infants(P=0.0113),while mortality decreased(P=0.0225).Major improve-ments in certain neurodevelopmental outcomes and reductions in early morbidities have been observed among VLBW infants with IVH.Ten percent of the population received surgical treatments such as external ventricular drainage(EVD)or a ven-triculoperitoneal(VP)shunt,with the choice of treatment methods remaining consistent over time.The IVH with surgical intervention group exhibited higher incidences of delayed development,cerebral palsy,seizure disorder,and growth failure(height,weight,and head circumference)up to 72 months of age(P＜0.0001).Surgical treatments were also significantly associated with abnormal developmental screening test results.Conclusions The neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with IVH,especially those subjected to surgical treatments,continue to be a matter of concern.It is imperative to prioritize specialized care for patients receiving surgical treatments and closely monitor their growth and development after discharge to improve developmental prognosis.
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    Associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols with BMI growth trajectories in offspring within the first two years:evidence from a birth cohort study in China

    Chao XiongKai ChenLu-Li XuYi-Ming Zhang...
    701-711页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Prenatal bisphenol exposure has been reported to be associated with lower birth weight and obesity-related indicators in early childhood.These findings warrant an investigation of the relationship between prenatal bisphenol exposure and the dynamic growth of offspring.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of maternal bisphenol concentration in urine with the body mass index(BMI)growth trajectory of children aged up to two years and to identify the critical exposure periods.Methods A total of 826 mother-offspring pairs were recruited from Wuhan Children's Hospital between November 2013 and March 2015.Maternal urine samples collected during the first,second,and third trimesters were analyzed for bisphenol A(BPA),bisphenol S,and bisphenol F(BPF)concentrations.Measurements of length and weight were taken at 0,1,3,6,8,12,18,and 24 months.Children's BMI was standardized using the World Health Organization reference,and group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify BMI growth trajectories.The associations between prenatal bisphenol exposure and BMI growth trajectory patterns were assessed using multinomial logistic regression models.Results The BMI growth trajectories of the 826 children were categorized into four patterns:low-stable(n=134,16.2％),low-increasing(n=142,17.2％),moderate-stable(n=350,42.4％),and moderate-increasing(n=200,24.2％).After adjusting for potential confounders,we observed that prenatal exposure to BPA during the second trimester[odds ratio(OR)=2.20,95％confidence interval(CI)=1.09-4.43]and BPF during the third trimester(OR=3.28,95％CI=1.55-6.95)at the high-est quartile concentration were associated with an increased likelihood of the low-increasing BMI trajectory.Furthermore,in the subgroup analysis by infant sex,the positive association between the highest quartile of prenatal average urinary BPF concentration during the whole pregnancy and the low-increasing BMI trajectory was found only in girls(OR=2.82,95％CI=1.04-7.68).Conclusion Our study findings suggest that prenatal exposure to BPA and BPF(a commonly used substitute for BPA)is associated with BMI growth trajectories in offspring during the first two years,increasing the likelihood of the low-increasing pattern.
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    Epidemiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia among 24 million Chinese births:a hospital-based surveillance study

    Zhi-Yu ChenJing TaoWen-Li XuYu-Yang Gao...
    712-722页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background The prevalence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)varies across countries,with limited information available on its epidemiology in China.Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence,time trends,and perinatal outcomes of CDH in China,as well as its associated malformations and potential associations with maternal and infant characteristics.Methods This study included all birth and CDH cases from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network between 2007 and 2019,with CDH cases classified as either isolated or associated.We employed the joinpoint regression model to calculate the trends of prevalence and the annual percent change,with Poisson regression used for adjusted prevalence rate ratios.A P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 4397 CDH cases were identified among 24,158,029 births in the study period,yielding prevalence rates of 1.82,1.13 and 0.69 per 10,000 for overall,isolated,and associated CDH,respectively.The prevalence of each type of CDH increased over time.The prevalence of overall CDH varied significantly by infant sex(male vs.female,1.91/10,000 vs.1.63/10,000),maternal residence(urban vs.rural,2.13/10,000 vs.1.45/10,000),maternal age(＜20 years,1.31/10,000;20-24 years,1.63/10,000;25-29 years,1.80/10,000;30-34 years,1.87/10,000;≥ 35 years,2.22/10,000),and geographic region(central,1.64/10,000;east,2.45/10,000;west,1.37/10,000).Cardiovascular anomalies were the most common mal-formations associated with CDH.Infants with associated CDH had a higher risk of premature birth and perinatal death than those with isolated CDH.Conclusion The increasing prevalence and high perinatal mortality rate of CDH highlight the need for further etiological,epidemiological,and clinical studies among the Chinese population.
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    Magnetic resonance imaging of knees:a novel approach to predict recombinant human growth hormone therapy response in short-stature children in late puberty

    Xi BaiZhi-Bo ZhouXiao-Yuan GuoYi-Ling He...
    723-734页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background There is no appropriate tool to predict recombinant human growth hormone(rhGH)response before therapy initiation in short-stature children in late puberty.The current study aimed to explore the associations between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)stages of the knee growth plates and rhGH response in short-stature children in late puberty.Methods In this prospective cohort study,short-stature children in late puberty were treated with rhGH and followed up for 6 months.We proposed a novel knee MRI staging system according to the growth plate states of distal femurs or proximal tibias and divided the participants into three groups:unclosed growth plate group,marginally closed growth plate group,and nearly closed growth plate group.The primary outcomes were height gain and growth velocity(GV),which were assessed three months later.Results Fifty participants were enrolled,including 23 boys and 27 girls.GV and height gain after 6 months of rhGH therapy decreased successively in the three groups with an increased degree of growth plate fusion,especially when grouped by proximal tibias(GV1-3 mon from 9.38 to 6.08 to 4.56 cm/year,GV4-6 mon from 6.75 to 4.92 to 3.25 cm/year,and height gain from 4.03 to 2.75 to 1.95 cm,all P＜0.001).Moreover,the MRI stages of growth plates independently served as a significant variable for GV and height gain after therapy,especially when grouped by proximal tibias(all P＜0.01).Conclusion The MRI staging method is expected to be an effective tool for predicting rhGH response before therapy initia-tion in short-stature children in late puberty.
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    Neural network mapping of gelastic behavior in children with hypothalamus hamartoma

    Zhi-Hao GuoJian-Guo ZhangXiao-Qiu ShaoWen-Han Hu...
    735-745页
    查看更多>>摘要：Background Hypothalamus hamartomas(HHs)are rare,congenital,tumor-like,and nonprogressive malformations resulting in drug-resistant epilepsy,mainly affecting children.Gelastic seizures(GS)are an early hallmark of epilepsy with HH.The aim of this study was to explore the disease progression and the underlying physiopathological mechanisms of pathological laughter in HH.Methods We obtained clinical information and metabolic images of 56 HH patients and utilized ictal semiology evaluation to stratify the specimens into GS-only,GS-plus,and no-GS subgroups and then applied contrasted trajectories inference(cTI)to calculate the pseudotime value and evaluate GS progression.Ordinal logistic regression was performed to identify neuroimaging-clinical predictors of GS,and then voxelwise lesion network-symptom mapping(LNSM)was applied to explore GS-associated brain regions.Results cTI inferred the specific metabolism trajectories of GS progression and revealed increased complexity from GS to other seizure types.This was further validated via actual disease duration(Pearson R=0.532,P=0.028).Male sex[odds ratio(OR)=2.611,P=0.013],low age at seizure onset(OR=0.361,P=0.005),high normalized HH metabolism(OR=-1.971,P=0.037)and severe seizure burden(OR=-0.006,P=0.032)were significant neuroimaging clinical predictors.LNSM revealed that the dysfunctional cortico-subcortico-cerebellar network of GS and the somatosensory cortex(S1)represented a negative correlation.Conclusions This study sheds light on the clinical characteristics and progression of GS in children with HH.We identified distinct subtypes of GS and demonstrated the involvement of specific brain regions at the cortical-subcortical-cerebellar level.These valuable results contribute to our understanding of the neural correlates of GS.
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