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土壤圈（英文版）
土壤圈（英文版）

周健民

双月刊

1002-0160

eopedos@issas.ac.cn； pedosphere@issas.ac.cn； rmdu@issas.ac.cn eopedo@issas.ac.cn

025-86881235、86881359

210008

南京市北京东路71号中国科学院南京土壤研究所

土壤圈（英文版）/Journal An International Journal PedosphereCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
查看更多>>《PEDOSPHERE》（土壤圈）是中国出版的土壤学科唯一外文版国际性学术期刊，也是我国土壤学领域唯一的SCI源刊。 主要刊登土壤学领域国内外未曾公开发表的具有坚实科学理论和实验基础与创新的最新高水平科研成果，内容包括土壤化学、土壤物理学、土壤生物与生物化学、土壤肥力与植物营养、土壤环境与生态学、土壤微生物学、土壤地理、水土保持、土壤信息与遥感技术、土壤质量与土壤修复等与生物圈、岩石圈、水圈和大气圈密切关联的土壤科学理论、实验技术及应用的学术研究论文、专题综述、研究简报、书评等。旨在及时传播国内外土壤科学最新成果，促进国际学术交流与合作，推动中国和世界土壤科学事业的发展。
正式出版
收录年代

    A perspective on greenhouse gas emission studies integrating arbuscular mycorrhiza

    Stavros D.VERESOGLOUJunjiang CHEN
    525-529页
    查看更多>>摘要：Climate change is a global emergency.It is only possible to pace down global change through addressing the triggers of it,greenhouse gas emissions.Despite commendable progress,we think that there is plenty of room to further make the studies addressing global change realistic,through integrating into them biotic interactions.We make a case for this statement through a bibliometrics analysis on agricultural studies exploring greenhouse gas emissions that consider arbuscular mycorrhiza.We show that even though mycorrhizal studies account right now for a small fraction of the agricultural literature,they get cited more often.We further demonstrate that mycorrhizal studies are typically more descriptive in their nature,which we support through comparing the keywords they list.We subsequently use the opportunity to identify shortcomings and opportunities to further integrate mycorrhiza into agricultural studies assaying greenhouse gas emissions.We finally make a call to better integrate arbuscular mycorrhiza into global change studies.
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    Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

    Daniel D.SAURETTEAsim BISWASRichard J.HECKAdam W.GILLESPIE...
    530-539页
    查看更多>>摘要：In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental covariates.Strategies to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM community.Despite advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM projects.We propose a simple workflow and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin width.Data preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the histogram.Based on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the QR were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample size.This technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of QRs.The results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR selected.Minimum sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the QR increased from 50％to 95％and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99％QR.This technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.
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    Coupling changes of soil functional gene abundances and extracellular enzyme activities across the diagnostic horizons of agricultural Isohumosols

    Zhuxiu LIUHaidong GUXiaojing HUZhenhua YU...
    540-552页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil functional microbial taxa and extracellular enzymes are involved in a variety of biogeochemical cycling processes.Although many studies have revealed the vertical change patterns of microbial communities along soil profile,the general understanding of the coupling changes in the functional gene abundances(FGAs)and extracellular enzyme activities(EEAs)in soil profiles is still limited,which hinders us from revealing soil ecosystem processes.Herein,we comparatively investigated the FGAs and EEAs in the diagnostic A,B,and C horizons of soil profiles obtained from two suborders of Isohumosols(Mollisols),Ustic and Udic Isohumosols,in Northeast China based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and standard fluorometric techniques,respectively.The distribution patterns of both FGAs and EEAs significantly distinguished by the two soil suborders and were also separated from A to C horizon.Additionally,the variations of EEAs and FGAs were greater in Udic Isohumosols compared to Ustic Isohumosols along soil profiles,and greater changes were observed in C horizon than in A horizon.Both FGAs and EEAs correspondently decreased along the soil profiles.However,when normalized by soil organic carbon,the specific EEAs significantly increased in deep soil horizons,suggesting that microorganisms will input more resources to the production of enzymes to ensure microbial nutrient requirements under resource scarcity.More importantly,we revealed that soil microbial nutrient demands were limited by carbon(C)and phosphorus(P),and the C and P limitations significantly increased along soil profiles with a greater C limitation observed in Ustic Isohumosols than in Udic Isohumosols.Overall,our findings provided solid evidence showing the links between FGAs,EEAs,and microbial nutrient limitations,which would be helpful for a better understanding of the ecosystem processes in soil profiles.
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    Rhizosphere microbes influence wogonoside accumulation in perennial Scutellaria baicalensis

    Yang SUNHong LIUJunwei PENGMinchong SHEN...
    553-566页
    查看更多>>摘要：Dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi are an acclaimed traditional Chinese medicine,and wogonoside content is a key indicator used to evaluate S.baicalensis quality.Rather than rising linearly with cultivation years,S.baicalensis quality initially increases and then declines.However,little is known regarding the dynamic variations in S.baicalensis rhizosphere microorganisms under long-term cultivation and underlying mechanisms of their effects on wogonoside formation and accumulation.The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of soil nutrients and rhizosphere microbes on S.baicalensis quality across different cultivation years(1-4 years).The wogonoside content(25.14 mg g-1)was highest in the biennial S.baicalensis and then decreased following long-term cultivation.Most soil nutrients(available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available iron,available manganese,and available zinc)were reduced significantly as cultivation years increased.Time also affected rhizosphere bacterial community structure significantly,driving it toward deterministic process(i.e.,β-nearest taxon index＜-2).Available manganese and exchangeable calcium indirectly affected wogonoside formation and accumulation.Wogonoside inhibition was driven by the reduction in rhizosphere bacterial diversity,which significantly increased the relative abundance of beta-glucosidase and decreased the relative abundance of phenylalanine ammonialyase.The rhizosphere microenvironment was altered under long-term cultivation,thereby shaping rhizosphere bacterial community,reducing the community diversity,and ultimately inhibiting wogonoside formation and accumulation.Our findings may aid in understanding of the mechanisms and reasons for the reduction in S.baicalensis quality under long-term cultivation from the perspective of soil nutrients and microorganisms,which may theoretically support the future artificial cultivation and management of Chinese medicinal plants.
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    Co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.)and chemical fertilizers alters microbial functional genes supporting short-time scale positive nitrogen priming effects in paddy soils

    Limin WANGChunmei HEDongfeng HUANGJuhua YU...
    567-576页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nitrogen(N)priming is a microbially mediated biochemical process as affected by different incorporation practices.However,little information is known about the microbial mechanisms driving the response of N priming to co-operation of Chinese milk vetch(CMV,Astragalus sinicus L.)and different rates of chemical fertilizers in paddy soils in South China.Here,an anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to study N priming effects(PE)and their relationships with soil microbial functional genes after CMV incorporation alone(M),co-incorporation of CMV with 100％(normal dosage)chemical fertilizers(MC100),and co-incorporation of CMV with 80％chemical fertilizers(MC80).Co-incorporation of CMV and chemical fertilizers enhanced the short-time scale(the first 20 d of incubation)positive PE of N,while no significant differences existed among the three treatments on day 60 or 90 of incubation(P＞0.05).Compared with the M treatment,gross priming effect(GPE)in the MC100 and MC80 treatments significantly increased by 34.0％and 31.3％,respectively,and net priming effect(NPE)increased by 47.7％and 47.8％,respectively,during the first 20 d of incubation(P＜0.05).This was likely attributed to soil nutrient availability and added substrate quality.The MC100 and MC80 treatments increased the gdhA gene abundance by 5.0％and 9.8％,increased the gdh2 gene abundance by 12.7％and 45.7％,and increased the nasB gene abundance by 9.5％and 41.4％,respectively,in comparison with the M treatment on day 20 of incubation.Correlation analyses indicated that soil microbial functional genes involved in N mineralization(gdhA and gdh2),assimilatory nitrate reduction(nasB),and nitrification(amoB)were significantly correlated with N priming under different incorporation practices during the incubation period(P＜0.05).Thus,co-incorporation of CMV and chemical fertilizers can regulate soil microbial community functional gene structure,which may accelerate mineralization and assimilatory nitrate reduction and inhibit nitrification,thereby increasing the short-term positive PE of N in the present study.
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    Optimization of fertilizer performances in long-term garlic cropping soils

    Tianqi WEIHongmei ZHOUHuayang HONGYanyun REN...
    577-589页
    查看更多>>摘要：Continuous cropping is a common pattern of modern agriculture that takes regional advantages for crop yield profits.Along the progress of mono-cropping continuously supported by intensive fertilizer inputs,such a cropping pattern often undergoes serious problems with low fertilizer use efficiencies and unsustainable crop production.In this study,we dealt with a＞25-year continuous garlic cropping system as an example for a problem-solving investigation.These garlic cropping soils underwent problems characterized by loss of soil organic matter,dramatic retention of NH4+-N,and excess accumulation of phosphate and potash chemicals.Through hydroponic simulations,we revealed that the presence of NH4+-N inhibited the root uptake of NO3--N and K by 68％and 88％,respectively.Despite the traditionally emphasized importance of K,we observed the negative effect of high K on the growth of garlic roots.Further field experiments demonstrated that P and K applications can be reduced by 60％and 50％,respectively,without loss of yield.We thus developed a high-performance fertilization strategy by integrating a recomposed NPK fertilizer formulation to reduce unnecessary P and K inputs,a supplementary application of long-lasting C of woody peat to compensate for the soil C loss,and a foliar K approach to strengthen the stomatal function improvement with K.This strategy allowed a 15％increase of garlic yield and a seasonal soil C profit of ca.1.8 Mg ha-1 even at ca.30％lower fertilizer cost.This study would be helpful in managing garlic fertilization and developing compound fertilizers,with broader significance for other long-term cropping soils.
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    Plant-available water capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

    Vinod PHOGATPaul R.PETRIECasandra COLLINSMarcos BONADA...
    590-605页
    查看更多>>摘要：Estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water resources.In the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil properties.These functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(hfc)water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d-1),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in soils.The estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP).The results showed that the mean values of hfC in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWCfc)and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10 and 33 kPa(PAWC10,33)pressure heads depending on soil texture.Normally,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and hfC(ΔPAWC10)was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and hfc(ΔPAWC33)was negative across all sites.Nevertheless,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC10,33)for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs to＜10％across the region.The estimation of PAWC was improved by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high ESP,which was more pronounced for clay and silty soils.These findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in soils.Soil heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell-shrink clays can have great impacts on the water retention capacity in response to dynamic and fixed pressure FC values.
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    Heavy metals potentially drive co-selection of antibiotic resistance genes by shifting soil bacterial communities in paddy soils along the middle and lower Yangtze River

    Ya ZHANGHao WANGMinghui HURui CAI...
    606-619页
    查看更多>>摘要：Heavy metals(HMs)and antibiotic resistance have become serious environmental problems affecting soil and human health.Soil microorganisms play key roles in pollutant degradation and biogeochemical cycling processes;however,the interactions among HMs,soil microbial communities,and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in agricultural soils remain unclear.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and NovaSeq sequencing,we evaluated heavy metal contents,abundances of ARGs.soil bacterial community structure and functions,and their correlations in paddy soils at 43 sampling sites along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,central and eastern China.Our results showed the co-occurrence of HMs,ARGs,and HM resistance genes across all paddy soils.Additionally,significant positive associations were detected between HMs and resistance genes.Cadmium,czcA,and int1 were positively correlated with bacterial community diversity.The Mantel test showed that bacterial community composition and functions were significantly associated with HMs and resistance genes,such as Cd,Cr,Zn,copA,czcA,int1,and sul1.Moreover,HMs and ARGs were the major factors shaping soil bacterial communities;thus,HMs triggered proliferation of HM and antibiotic resistances by influencing the mobile genetic element(int1)and soil microbial communities.Our study revealed that HMs potentially drive the co-selection of ARGs by shifting soil bacterial community structure and functions,thereby increasing the potential risks to human health as well as ecological environment in the paddy soils along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
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    Pore shrinkage capacity of Shajiang black soils(Vertisols)on the North China Plain and its influencing factors

    Yueming CHENZhongbin ZHANGLei GAOZichun GUO...
    620-630页
    查看更多>>摘要：Different pore sizes present different pore shrinkage capacities in a nonrigid soil.However,the shrinkage capacities of different pore sizes and their influencing factors are not clear.We aimed to quantify the shrinkage capacities of different pore sizes(large pores,＞50 μm;medium pores,0.2-50 μm;fine pores,＜0.2 μm)and determine how soil properties impact soil shrinkage capacity at the regional scale.Two sampling transects from west to east(360 km long,35 samples)and from north to south(190 km long,29 samples)were selected to investigate soil shrinkage capacity and physicochemical properties of at 0-20 cm depth in the Vertisol(locally known as Shajiang black soil)region of the North China Plain.The results showed that soil total shrinkage capacity,indicated by the coefficient of linear extensibility(COLE),had a mean value of 0.041-0.051 in the west-east and north-south transects.Large pores had higher pore shrinkage index(PSI)values(0.103-0.109)than medium(0.077-0.096)and fine(0.087-0.091)pores.The PSI of fine pores showed a fluctuating increasing trend from northwest to southeast,and the fine pore shrinkage capacity determined the COLE(r2=0.789.P＜0.001).The PSI of large pores had a significant relationship with soil bulk density(r=0.281,P＜0.05)and organic carbon(r=-0.311,P＜0.05),whereas those of medium and fine pores were correlated with soil clay content(r=0.381 and 0.687,respectively,P＜0.001).In addition,the PSI of fine pores was also correlated with montmorillonite content(r=0.387,P＜0.01).It can be concluded that the PSI of large pores is related to anthropogenically influenced soil properties with low stability,whereas those of medium and fine pores are related to pedogenic properties.The high variability in anthropogenic and pedogenic factors explains the spatial pattern of Vertisol shrinkage capacity on the North China Plain.
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    Increasing phosphorus fertilizer value of recycled iron phosphates by prolonged flooding and organic matter addition

    Rochelle Joie SARACANLAOHannah VAN RYCKELMieke VERBEECKMaarten EVERAERT...
    631-640页
    查看更多>>摘要：Iron(Fe)minerals are commonly used to remove phosphorus(P)from waste streams,producing P-loaded Fe(Ⅲ)oxides or Fe(Ⅱ)phosphate minerals(e.g.,vivianite).These minerals may be used as fertilizers to enhance P circularity if solubilized in soil.Here,we tested the P fertilizer value of recycled Fe phosphates(FePs)in a pot trial and in an incubation experiment,hypothesizing that P release from FePs is possible under Fe(Ⅲ)-reducing conditions.First,a pot trial was set up with rice(Oryza sat ivai)in all combinations of soil flooding or not,three P-deficient soils(acid,neutral,and calcareous),and six FePs(three Fe(Ⅲ)Ps and three Fe(Ⅱ)Ps)referenced to triple superphosphate(TSP)or zero amendments.Shoot P uptake responded to TSP application in all treatments but only marginally to FePs.The redox potential did not decrease to-200 mV by flooding for a brief period(13 d)during the pot trial.A longer incubation experiment(60 d)was performed,including a treatment of glutamate addition to stimulate reductive conditions,and P availability was assessed with CaCl2 extraction of soils.Glutamate addition and/or longer incubation lowered soil redox potential to＜-100 mV.On the longer term,Fe(Ⅲ)minerals released P,and adequate P was reached in the calcareous soil and in the neutral soil amended with Fe(Ⅲ)P-sludge.It can be concluded that prolonged soil flooding and organic matter addition can enhance the P fertilizer efficiency of FePs.Additionally,application of FeP in powder form may enhance P availability.
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