查看更多>>摘要：Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,also known as huang-qin in traditional Chinese medicine,is a widely used herbal remedy due to its anticancer,antivirus,and hepatoprotective properties.The S.baicalensis genome was sequenced many years ago;by contrast,the proteome as the executer of most biological processes of S.baicalensis in the aerial parts,as well as the secondary structure of the roots(xylem,phloem,and periderm),is far less comprehensively characterized.Here we attempt to depict the molecular landscape of the non-model plant S.baicalensis through a multi-omics approach,with the goal of constructing a highly informative and valuable reference dataset.Furthermore,we provide an in-depth characterization dissection to explain the two distinct flavonoid biosynthesis pathways that exist in the aerial parts and root,at the protein and phosphorylated protein levels.Our study provides detailed spatial proteomic and phosphoproteomic information in the context of secondary structures,with implications for the molecular profiling of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in non-model medicinal plants.
查看更多>>摘要：Protoberberine alkaloids are a group of tetracyclic isoquinoline compounds known for their well-established antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.The richness and diversity of protoberberine alkaloids accumulated in the Coptis genus necessitate a comprehensive examination of the biosynthetic machinery to understand their ecological significance.Here,from Coptis chinensis we identified CcCYP719A1,which could install a methylenedioxy bridge on either ring A or ring D of the protoberberine backbone,thus diverging metabolite flux towards the biosynthesis of various protoberberine components.We also obtained CcCYP719A2 and CcCYP719A3,which underwent positive selection after diverging from CcCYP719A1 and maintained specific catalytic activity on ring D.Further,we resolved the biosynthetic pathway of jatrorrhizine by identifying two demethylases,which could also modulate protoberberine composition by removing the C-3 methyl group and methylenedioxy bridge of ring D,allowing demethylated metabolites to be redirected into different routes.Moreover,we characterized 2-O-methyltransferase CcOMT1 and flavin-dependent oxidase CcTHBO,respectively responsible for the commonly observed 2-O-methylation and aromatic ring-C assembly in protoberberine alkaloids.Overall,this study reveals an interconnected metabolite network from which diverse protoberberine alkaloids originate.It provides valuable insights into the existence of undiscovered protoberberine components,and paves the way for the targeted production of desired protoberberine components for potential therapeutic development.
查看更多>>摘要：Grapes are globally recognized as economically significant fruit trees.Among grape varieties,Thompson Seedless holds paramount influence for fresh consumption and for extensive applications in winemaking,drying,and juicing.This variety is one of the most efficient genotypes for grape genetic modification.However,the lack of a high-quality genome has impeded effective breeding efforts.Here,we present the high-quality reference genome of Thompson Seedless with all 19 chromosomes represented as 19 contiguous sequences(N50=27.1 Mb)with zero gaps and prediction of all telomeres and centromeres.Compared with the previous assembly(TSv1 version),the new assembly incorporates an additional 31.5 Mb of high-quality sequenced data with annotation of a total of 30 397 protein-coding genes.We also performed a meticulous analysis to identify nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat genes(NLRs)in Thompson Seedless and two wild grape varieties renowned for their disease resistance.Our analysis revealed a significant reduction in the number of two types of NLRs,TIR-NB-LRR(TNL)and CC-NB-LRR(CNL),in Thompson Seedless,which may have led to its sensitivity to many fungal diseases,such as powdery mildew,and an increase in the number of a third type,RPW8(resistance to powdery mildew 8)-NB-LRR(RNL).Subsequently,transcriptome analysis showed significant enrichment of NLRs duringpowdery mildew infection,emphasizing the pivotal role of these elements in grapevine's defense against powdery mildew.The successful assembly of a high-quality Thompson Seedless reference genome significantly contributes to grape genomics research,providing insight into the importance of seedlessness,disease resistance,and color traits,and these data can be used to facilitate grape molecular breeding efforts.
查看更多>>摘要：Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae(P.brassicae)severely threatens the cultivation of Cruciferous plants,especially Chinese cabbage.Recently,resistance genes in plants have been reported to encode for a Ca2+-permeable channel in the plasma membrane,which can mediate the cytosolic Ca2+increase in plant cells upon pathogen attack.However,the downstream Ca2+sensor and decoder are still unknown.In this study,we identified the virulent and avirulent P.brassicae isolates(Pbs)of two near isogenic lines,CR 3-2 and CS 3-2,with CR 3-2 harboring clubroot resistant gene BraCRa.The transcriptomic analysis was then conducted with CR 3-2 after inoculating with virulent isolate PbE and avirulent isolate Pb4.From the differentially expressed genes of transcriptomic data,we identified a Ca2+-sensor encoding gene,BraCBL1.2,that was highly induced in CR 3-2 during infection by Pb4 but not by PbE.Moreover,GUS histochemical staining and subcellular localization analysis revealed that BraCBL1.2 was specifically expressed in the root hair cells of Arabidopsis and encoded a putative Ca2+sensor localized in the plasma membrane.We also developed an assay to investigate the BraCRa-mediated hypersensitive response(HR)in tobacco leaves.The results suggest that BraCBL1.2 is involved in the BraCRa-mediated plant ETI immune response against P.brassicae.In addition,we verified that overexpression of BraCBL1.2 enhanced clubroot resistance in Arabidopsis.Collectively,our data identified the involvement of a Ca2+sensor in BraCRa-mediated clubroot resistance in Chinese cabbage,providing a theoretical basis for further research on the resistance of Chinese cabbage to P.brassicae.
查看更多>>摘要：Free amino acids(FAAs)positively determine the tea quality,notably theanine(Thea),endowing umami taste of tea infusion,which is the profoundly prevalent research in albino tea genetic resources.Therefore,339 tea accessions were collected to study FAAs level for deciphering its variation and accumulation mechanism.Interestingly,alanine(Ala)and Thea which had the highest diversity index(H')value among three varieties of Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze were significantly higher than wild relatives(P＜0.05).The intraspecific arginine(Arg)and glutamine(Gln)contents in C.sinensis var.assamica were significantly lower than sinensis and pubilimba varieties.Moreover,the importance of interdependencies operating across FAAs and chlorophyll levels were highlighted via the cell ultrastructure,metabolomics,and transcriptome analysis.We then determined that the association between phytochrome interacting factor 1(CsPIF1)identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)and Thea content.Intriguingly,transient knock-down CsPIF1 expression increased Thea content in tea plant,and the function verification of CsPIF1 in Arabidopsis also indicated that CsPIF1 acts as a negative regulator of Thea content by mainly effecting the genes expression related to Thea biosynthesis,transport,and hydrolysis,especially glutamate synthase(CsGOGAT),which was validated to be associated with Thea content with a nonsynonymous SNP by Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR(KASP).We also investigated the interspecific and geographical distribution of this SNP.Taken together,these results help us to understand and clarify the variation and profile of major FAAs in tea germplasms and promote efficient utilization in tea genetic improvement and breeding.
查看更多>>摘要：Due to the protracted transgenic timeline and low efficiency in stable genetic transformation of woody plants,there has been limited exploration of real-time organelle imaging within stable transgenic woody plant cells.Here,we established an efficient in vivo genetic transformation system for woody plants using an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated approach.This system was successfully validated in multiple perennial woody species.Using citrus as a model,we introduced organelle-targeted fluorescent reporters via genetic transformation and investigated their subcellular localization and dynamics using advanced imaging techniques,such as confocal microscopy and live-cell imaging.Moreover,we subjected transgenic MT-GFP-labeled mitochondria in root cells to stress conditions simulating agricultural adversities faced by fruit crops.The stress-induced experiments revealed notable alterations in mitochondrial morphology.Our study contributes novel insights into membrane trafficking processes,protein localization dynamics,and cellular physiology in woody plants,while also providing stable and efficient genetic transformation methods for perennial woody species.
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