查看更多>>摘要：Lateral branching is a crucial agronomic trait that impacts crop yield.In tomato(Solanum lycopersicum),excessive lateral branching is unfavorable and results in substantial labor and management costs.Therefore,optimizing lateral branching is a primary objective in tomato breeding.Although many genes related to lateral branching have been reported in tomato,the molecular mechanism underlying their network remains elusive.In this study,we found that the expression profile of a WRKY gene,WRKY-B(for WRKY-BRANCING),was associated with the auxin-dependent axillary bud development process.Wrky-b mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system presented fewer lateral branches,while WRKY-B overexpression lines presented more lateral branches than did wild-type plants.Furthermore,WRKY-B can directly target the well-known branching gene BLIND(BL)and the auxin efflux carrier gene PIN4 to activate their expression.Both the bl and pin4 mutants exhibited reduced lateral branching,similar to the wrky-b mutant.The IAA contents in the axillary buds of the wrky-b,bl,and pin4 mutant plants were significantly higher than those in the wild-type plants.In addition,WRKY-B can also directly target the AUX/IAA gene IAA15 and repress its expression.In summary,WRKY-B works upstream of BL,PIN4,and IAA15 to regulate the development of lateral branches in tomato.
查看更多>>摘要：Over the decades,evolutionists and ecologists have shown intense interest in the role of polyploidization in plant evolution.Without clear knowledge of the diploid ancestor(s)of polyploids,we would not be able to answer fundamental ecological questions such as the evolution of niche differences between them or its underlying genetic basis.Here,we explored the evolutionary history of two Fragaria tetraploids,Fragaria corymbosa and Fragaria moupinensis.We de novo assembled five genomes including these two tetraploids and three diploid relatives.Based on multiple lines of evidence,we found no evidence of subgenomes in either of the two tetraploids,suggesting autopolyploid origins.We determined that Fragaria chinensis was the diploid ancestor of F.corymbosa while either an extinct species affinitive to F.chinensis or an unsampled population of F.chinensis could be the progenitor of F.moupinensis.Meanwhile,we found introgression signals between F.chinensis and Fragaria pentaphylla,leading to the genomic similarity between these two diploids.Compared to F.chinensis,gene families related to high ultraviolet(UV)-B and DNA repair were expanded,while those that responded towards abiotic and biotic stresses(such as salt stress,wounding,and various pathogens)were contracted in both tetraploids.Furthermore,the two tetraploids tended to down-regulate defense response genes but up-regulate UV-B response,DNA repairing,and cell division gene expression compared to F.chinensis.These findings may reflect adaptions toward high-altitude habitats.In summary,our work provides insights into the genome evolution of wild Fragaria tetraploids and opens up an avenue for future works to answer deeper evolutionary and ecological questions regarding the strawberry genus.
查看更多>>摘要：Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis(AMS),a complex and delicate process,is precisely regulated by a multitude of transcription factors.PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS(PIFs)are critical in plant growth and stress responses.However,the involvement of PIFs in AMS and the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulator functions have not been well elucidated.Here,we show that SlPIF4 negatively regulates the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)colonization and AMS-induced phosphate uptake in tomato.Protein-protein interaction studies suggest that SlDELLA interacts with SlPIF4,reducing its protein stability and inhibiting its transcriptional activity towards downstream target genes.This interaction promotes the accumulation of strigolactones(SLs),facilitating AMS development and phosphate uptake.As a transcription factor,SlPIF4 directly transcriptionally regulates genes involved in SLs biosynthesis,including SlCCD7,SlCDD8,and SlMAX1,as well as the AMS-specific phosphate transporter genes PT4 and PT5.Collectively,our findings uncover a molecular mechanism by which the SlDELLA-SlPIF4 module regulates AMS and phosphate uptake in tomato.We clarify a molecular basis for how SlPIF4 interacts with SLs to regulate the AMS and propose a potential strategy to improve phosphate utilization efficiency by targeting the AMS-specific phosphate transporter genes PTs.
查看更多>>摘要：Sterols are secondary metabolites commonly found in rapeseed that play crucial physiological roles in plants and also benefit human health.Consequently,unraveling the genetic basis of sterol synthesis in rapeseed is highly important.In this study,21 individual sterols as well as total sterol(TS)content were detected in a double haploid(DH)population of Brassica napus,and a total of 24 quantitative trait loci(QTL)and 157 mQTL were identified that were associated with TS and different individual sterols.Time-series transcriptomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)involved in sterol and lipid biosynthesis pathways were enriched.Additionally,a regulatory network between sterol-related DEGs and transcription factors(TFs)was established using coexpression analysis.Some candidate genes were identified with the integration of transcriptomic analysis and QTL mapping,and the key candidate gene BnSQS1.C03 was selected for further functional analysis.BnSQS1.C03 demonstrated squalene synthase activity in vitro and increased the TS by 3.8％when overexpressed in Arabidopsis.The present results provide new insights into sterol regulatory pathways and a valuable genetic basis for breeding rapeseed varieties with high sterol content in the future.
查看更多>>摘要：The Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system has been developed and applied to various plants as an alternative to stable transformation.However,its application in tomatoes is still limited due to low expression efficiency.In this study,we describe an improved vacuum-infiltration system that can be used in both tomato fruits and leaves.Notably,this study is the first report of vacuum infiltration in attached tomato fruits.The feasibility of the improved vacuum-infiltration system in Micro-Tom tomato was confirmed by various assays,including multiple fluorescent protein expression analysis,β-glucuronidase activity analysis,and RUBY reporter visualization.Subsequently,the improved vacuum-infiltration system was successfully applied to tomato biotechnology research.Herein,a trichome-specific promoter in tomato was identified that can drive the directional synthesis of specific plant natural products(PNPs).Additionally,based on the assessment results of the improved vacuum-infiltration system,we obtained a flavonoid-rich tomato variety through the stable transformation of AmRosea and AmDelila.In a significant practical application,we successfully synthesized the high-value scutellarin in tomato,which provides an alternative route for the production of PNPs from plants.In addition,the improved vacuum-infiltration system has been demonstrated to be suitable for commercial tomato varieties('Emerald'and'Provence')as well.The improved vacuum-infiltration system not only speeds up fundamental and applied research in tomato but also offers an additional powerful tool for advancing tomato synthetic biology research.
查看更多>>摘要：Chili pepper is an important spice and a model plant for fruit development studies.Large-scale omics information on chili pepper plant development continues to be gathered for understanding development as well as capsaicin biosynthesis.In this study,a full-spectrum transcriptome data of eight chili pepper tissues at five growth stages using the Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing approach was generated.Of the 485 351 transcripts,35 336 were recorded as reference transcripts(genes),while 450 015 were novel including coding,lnc,and other non-coding RNAs.These novel transcripts belonged to unknown/intergenic(347703),those retained introns(26336),and had multi-exons with at least one junction match(20333).In terms of alternative splicing,retained intron had the highest proportion(14795).The number of tissue-specific expressed transcripts ranged from 22925(stem)to 40 289(flower).The expression changes during fruit and placenta development are discussed in detail.Integration of gene expression and capsaicin content quantification throughout the placental development clarifies that capsaicin biosynthesis in pepper is mainly derived from valine,leucin,and isoleucine degradation as well as citrate cycle and/or pyrimidine metabolism pathways.Most importantly,a user-friendly Pepper Full-Length Transcriptome Variation Database(PFTVD 1.0)(http://pepper-database.cn/)has been developed.PFTVD 1.0 provides transcriptomics and genomics information and allows users to analyse the data using various tools implemented.This work highlights the potential of long-read sequencing to discover novel genes and transcripts and their diversity in plant developmental biology.
Yao ChenXuemei TangZhangjun FeiJames J.Giovannoni...
208-215页
查看更多>>摘要：It is well known that if a fruit is harvested extremely early its development and function are interrupted,and it may never attain full maturity and optimal quality.Reports revealing insights regarding the alterations of maturation,ripening and postharvest quality in very early picked fruits are rare.We examined the effects of early harvesting on tomatoes by characterizing different accessions at the molecular,physiological,and biochemical levels.We found that even very early-harvested fruits could achieve postharvest maturation and ripening though with some defects in pigment and cuticle formation,and seeds from very early-harvested fruits could still germinate and develop as normal and healthy plants.One critical regulator of tomato cuticle integrity,SlCER1-2,was shown to contribute to cuticle defects in very early-harvested fruits.Very early fruit harvest still allowing ripening and seed development indicate that the genetic and physiological programs of later maturation and ripening are set into motion early in fruit development and are not dependent on complete fruit expansion nor attachment to the plant.
查看更多>>摘要：The overload of Cl-typically causes cell damage and death in plants,especially in Cl--sensitive crops.Abscisic acid(ABA)is a stress-induced phytohormone that can alleviate chloride stress by reducing Cl-accumulation;however,the mechanism is not clear.Here,we found that the application of ABA elevated Cl-efflux from roots and reduced membrane damage and cell death in chloride-stressed Malus hupehensis.MhSLAH3,a homolog of the slow anion channel from M.hupehensis,encoded a channel controlling Cl-efflux and was induced by both chloride and ABA.MhSLAH3 overexpression accelerated Cl-efflux,which enhanced the tolerance of M.hupehensis to chloride stress,and retarded chloride-induced cell death.However,the suppression of MhSLAH3 partially offset the acceleration effect of ABA on Cl-efflux.MhZAT10L was then identified as a C2H2-type transcription factor upstream of MhSLAH3,repressing MhSLAH3 transcription under chloride stress.The suppression of MhZAT10L accelerated Cl-efflux by releasing suppressed MhSLAH3,but MhZAT10L overexpression counteracted the effects of ABA on Cl-efflux.MhABI5 promoted Cl-efflux mediated by MhSLAH3 due to induction by ABA and transcriptional repression of MhZAT10L,but this function of MhABI5 was reversed by MhZAT10L overexpression.The suppression of MhABI5 diminished the positive effects of ABA on Cl-efflux and retarding cell death.Thus,ABA repressed MhZAT10L transcription by activating MhABI5,further releasing MhSLAH3 to accelerate Cl-efflux.These findings provide a new evidence of ABA regulation of Cl-efflux.
查看更多>>摘要：Pigeonpea(Cajanus cajan)is a nutrient-rich and versatile food legume crop of tropical and subtropical regions.In this study,we describe the de novo assembly of a high-quality genome for the ancient pigeonpea landrace'D30',achieved through a combination of Pacific Biosciences high-fidelity(PacBio HiFi)and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture(Hi-C)sequencing technologies.The assembled'D30'genome has a size of 813.54 Mb,with a contig N50 of 10.74 Mb,a scaffold N50 of 73.07 Mb,and a GC content of 35.67％.Genomic evaluation revealed that the'D30'genome contains 99.2％of Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs(BUSCO)and achieves a 29.06 long terminal repeat(LTR)assembly index(LAI).Genome annotation indicated that'D30'encompasses 431.37 Mb of repeat elements(53.02％of the genome)and 37 977 protein-coding genes.Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),insertions/deletions(indels),and structural variations between'D30'and the published genome of pigeonpea cultivar'Asha'suggests that genes affected by these variations may play important roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses.Further investigation of genomic regions under selection highlights genes enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism,with 42.11％of these genes highly expressed in seeds.Finally,we conducted genome-wide association studies(GWAS)to facilitate the identification of 28 marker-trait associations for six agronomic traits of pigeonpea.Notably,we discovered a calmodulin-like protein(CcCML)that harbors a dominant haplotype associated with the 100-seed weight of pigeonpea.Our study provides a foundational resource for developing genomics-assisted breeding programs in pigeonpea.
查看更多>>摘要：Tomato fruit colors are directly associated with their appearance quality and nutritional value.However,tomato fruit color formation is an intricate biological process that remains elusive.In this work we characterized a tomato yellow fruited tomato 3(yft3,e9292,Solanum lycopersicum)mutant with yellow fruits.By the map-based cloning approach,we identified a transversion mutation(A2117C)in the YFT3 gene encoding a putative isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase(SlIDI1)enzyme,which may function in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing conversion between isopentenyl pyrophosphate(IPP)and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate(DMAPP).The mutated YFT3(A2117C)(designated YFT3 allele)and the YFT3 genes did not show expression difference at protein level,and their encoded YFT3 allelic(S126R)and YFT3 proteins were both localized in plastids.However,the transcript levels of eight genes(DXR,DXS,HDR,PSY1,CRTISO,CYCB,CYP97A,and NCED)associated with carotenoid synthesis were upregulated in fruits of both yft3 and YFT3 knockout(YFT3-KO)lines at 35 and 47 days post-anthesis compared with the red-fruit tomato cultivar(M82).In vitro and in vivo biochemical analyses indicated that YFT3(S126R)possessed much lower enzymatic activities than the YFT3 protein,indicating that the S126R mutation can impair YFT3 activity.Molecular docking analysis showed that the YFT3 allele has higher ability to recruit isopentenyl pyrophosphate(IPP),but abolishes attachment of the Mg2+cofactor to IPP,suggesting that Ser126 is a critical residue for YTF3 biochemical and physiological functions.As a result,the yft3 mutant tomato line has low carotenoid accumulation and abnormal chromoplast development,which results in yellow ripe fruits.This study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms of tomato fruit color formation and development.
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