查看更多>>摘要：In order to make clear the relationships between photosynthesis and leaf N, leaf P and SLA of tropical trees, and test the differences in the relationships among life-form groups (trees, shrub-like trees and shrubs),seedlings and saplings of 101 species from a tropical montane rain forest, located in the Diaoluo Mountain of Hainan Island, were selected. The net photosynthesis based on area and mass (Aarea and Amass), leaf nitrogen content based on area and mass (Narea and Nmass), leaf phosphorus content based on area and mass (Parea and Pmass) and specific leaf area (SLA) were measured and/or calculated.The results showed that Aarea and Amass tended to follow the order of shrubs > trees > shrub-like trees. One-way ANOVA showed that the difference in Aarea between shrubs and shrub-like trees was significant (p < 0.05), and for Amass there were significant differences between shrubs and shrub-like trees and between shrubs and tree species (p < 0.05). The relationships between Aarea and Nmass were highly significant in all three life-form groups and for all species (p < 0.0001). The correlation between Aarea and Pmass was highly significant in shrubs (p = 0.0038), shrub-like trees (p = 0.0002) and for all species (p < 0.0001), but not significant in trees (p > 0.05). The relationship between Aarea and SLAwas highly significant in shrubs (p = 0.0006),trees (p < 0.0001) and for all species (p < 0.0001), however this relation was not significant in shrub-like trees (p > 0.05). The relationships between Amass and leaf N and SLA were highly significant in all three life-form groups and for all species (p < 0.0001). For Amass and leaf P, there were significant correlations in tree groups (p =0.0377) and highly significant correlations in shrub groups (p = 0.0004), shrub-like tree groups (p = 0.0018) and for all species (p < 0.0001). Stepwise regression showed that predicted Amass values were closer to the observed values than those for predicted Aarea values. Thus, it can be concluded that the relationships obtained from seedling and sapling measurements are close to those from mature individuals; correlations between photosynthesis and Nmass, Pmass and SLA traits are significant and the relationships are stronger and more stable for A mass than for Aarea.
查看更多>>摘要：In order to find out the best foliar diagnostic index of phosphorus (P) nutrition in Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, the concentrations of total nitrogen (N), inorganic P, organic P and total P in needles of different ages and soil available P were examined. The results show that in the study area, soil available P was rather low (0.12-0.63mg/kg) and was significantly correlated with inorganic P (cPi) and total P (cPt) concentrations in current year needles of Mongolian pine. The significant correlation between soil available P and needle cPt derived from the significant correlation between cPi and cPt. Compared with cPt, cPi did reflect the level of soil P supply more accurately and more directly.
查看更多>>摘要：The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of 91 genets from four wild populations of Betula luminifera at different eleva-tions in the National Nature Reserve of the Wuyi Mountain,Fujian Province, China. Eighteen random primers (from 139 primers) produced a total of 199 scorable amplified fragments, of which 174 (87.44%) were polymorphic across all individuals. The genetic diversities of B.luminifera at the population level and species level were PPL = 60.05%, h = 0.2242, I= 0.3181 and PPL = 87.44%,h = 0.3442, I= 0.4899, respectively. The value of differ-entiation (Gst= 0.3486) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that there was a relatively high genetic differentiation among populations, and about one-third of the genetic variation occurred among populations. Pearson correlation analysis further revealed that the genetic diversity within populations had significant or very significant correlation with the elevation, climatic factors (annual average temperature and annual precipitation) and soil nutrient factors (total nitrogen, C/N ratio and organic matter). Mantel tests show that there was a significant correlation between the genetic distances among popula-tions and the distance of elevation, and the divergence of soil nutrient factors. The results of the present study suggested that the relatively high genetic differentiation among populations ofB. luminifera at different elevations might be caused by ecological factors and gene flow.
查看更多>>摘要：In order to understand the relationship between population succession and its genetic behavior, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to analyze the genetic diversity of Quercu glandulifera var.brevipetiolata populations in three forest communities with different succession stages (coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest). The results showed that 145 repetitive loci were produced in 60 individuals of Q. glandulifera using 11 primers, among which 120 loci were polymorphic, and the total percentage of polymorphic loci was 82.76% with an average of 64.14%. Estimated by the Shannon information index, the total genetic diversity of the three populations was 0.4747, with an average of 0.3642, while it was 0.3234, with an average of 0.2484, judged from the Nei index. Judged from percentage of polymorphic loci,Shannon inform at ion index and Nei index, the genetic diversity followed a decreasing order: coniferous forest >broad-leaved mixed forest > evergreen broad-leaved for-est. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 69.73% of the genetic variance existed within populations and 30.27% of the genetic variance existed among popu-lations. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.2319 and the gene flow (Nm) was 1.6539. The mean of genetic identity among populations of Q. glandulifera was 0.8501 and the mean of genetic distance was 0.1626. The genetic identity between the Q. glandulifera population in the coniferous forest and that in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was the highest. UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distance showed that the population in the coniferous forest gathered with that in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest firstly, then with that in the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The genetic structure of Q. glandulifera was not only characteristic of the biological characteristics of this species, but was also influenced by the microenvironment in different commu-nities.
查看更多>>摘要：Two groups of filial generations derived from two different Pinus massoniana complete-diallel crosses were analyzed. Results show that the general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and reciprocal effects were significant for some growth traits,including height, DBH and volume index. The heredity of these growth traits was controlled by additive and non-additive genes, of which the additive genes played a dominant role. The epistatic effect was greater for group Ⅰ (cross in 1992) than group II (cross in 1993). The SCA of P massoniana growth traits was significantly greater than GCA, which may be related to different geographical provenance for parents and the indirect selection by GCA.Inbreeding depression was commonly observed for P.massoniana growth traits. The extent of inbreeding depression was - 17.8%-- 18.4%, - 23.3%-- 27.7% and -44.3%--50.6% for height, DBH and volume index, respectively. It was observed that parents with small GCA values exhibited a greater extent of inbreeding depression. Large differences in hybrid vigor of different crosses were observed and the difference between original cross and reciprocal cross was not significant. Based on the volume index, 10 fine crosses were selected for two groups respectively, and the average increment of volume index was 59.41% and 41.76%, respectively, in compar-ison with the average of the testing groups, and was 100.58% and 74.61% in comparison with the local commercial variety.
查看更多>>摘要：We studied the effects of ethylene, (Z)-hexen-3-al, combinations of ethylene and (Z)-hexen-3-al, methyl jasmonate on the release of terpenoids and green leaf volatiles (GLVs) of Populus simoniixP, pyramidalis 'Opera 8277' by fumigation. The results show that exposure to ethylene alone did not induce volatiles.However, it was induced by exposure to combinations of (Z)-hexen-3-al and ethylene, a large amount ofhexenal and hexen-3-ol as compared to sole (Z)-hexen-3-al exposure,which indicated that the release of wounding signals of P.simonii zP. pyramidalis 'Opera 8277' could be synergized by ethylene and (Z)-hexen-3-al.
查看更多>>摘要：The activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes,produced in poplar cultivars infected Melampsora larici-populina Kleb., was studied. The results show that PMG,PMTE, Cx and fl-glucosidase played roles during the infection. After inoculation, the activity of PMG in both susceptible and resistant cultivars had two peak values in 2 dpi and 5 dpi. The activities of PMTE and β-glucosidase had a peak value in 3 dpi, and Cx in 2 dpi. Among these cell wall-degrading enzymes, the activities of PMG and PMTE were higher and the activities of Cx and β-glucosidase were relatively lower. The activities of these cell wall-degrading enzymes were significantly higher in susceptible cultivars than those in resistant cultivars. All these demonstrated that these cell wall-degrading enzymes played certain roles in the infection ofM. larici-populina.
查看更多>>摘要：Pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), originating from North America, causes destructive pine wilt disease. Different pine forest ecosystems have different resistances to B. xylophilus,and after its invasion, the resilience and restoration direction of different ecosystems also varies. In this study, an interpretative structural model was applied for analyzing the response of pine forest ecosystem to PWN disturbance. The result showed that a five-degree multi-stage hierarchical system affected the response of the pine forest ecosystem to PWN disturbance, in which direct affecting factors are resistance and resilience. Furthermore,the analysis to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th degree factors showed that not only does distribution pattern of plant species and pine's ecological features affect the resistance of pine forests' ecosystem, but removal of attacked trees and other measures also influence the resistance through indirectly affecting the damage degree of Monochamus alternatus and distribution pattern of plant species. As for resilience,it is influenced directly by soil factors, hydrology,surrounding species provenance and biological character-istics of the second and jointly dominant species, and the climate factors can also have a direct or indirect effect on it by affecting the above factors. Among the fifth elements,the elevation, gradient and slope direction, topographical factors, diversity of geographical location and improve-ment of prevention technology all influence the response of pine forest ecosystem to PWN disturbance.
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