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中国农学前沿
高等教育出版社，Springer
中国农学前沿

高等教育出版社，Springer

季刊

1673-7334

100029

北京市朝阳区惠新东街4号富盛大厦15层

中国农学前沿/Journal Frontiers of Agriculture in China
查看更多>>涉及领域主要包括作物学、园艺学、植物保护、农业资源利用、畜牧、水产、兽医学、食品科学与加工等。
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    Effects of chromosome substitution on the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in wheat

    Chengjin GUOJincai LIWensuo CHANGLijun ZHANG...
    253-261页
    查看更多>>摘要：A complete set of chromosome substitution lines with genetic background of Chinese Spring (CS) were used to determine the effects of each chromosome on utilization efficiencies of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).In each line,only one pair of chromosomes in CS genome was substituted by the corresponding one of donor Synthetic 6x.Under normal growth conditions supplied with enough inorganic nutrients,the dry mass per plant and the utilization efficiencies of nitrogen (N),phosphorus (P),and potassium (K) in plants varied largely among CS,Synthetic 6x,and the chromosome substitution lines (1A-7A,1B-7B,and 1D-7D).Of these,1A substituted by the chromosome 1A of Synthetic 6x (other fines are the same as 1A hereafter) had the highest plant dry mass and the accumulative amount of N and K,and 1B behaved to have the highest plant accumulative P amount.1D and 4D had the lowest accumulative P amount and plant dry mass,respectively.4B showed the lowest plant accumulative N and K.Thus,chromosome 1A of Synthetic 6x contains major genes endowing plant capacities of higher dry mass,accumulative N and K,whereas chromosome 1B of Synthetic 6x carries major genes improving plant accumulative P capacities.The lines,together with CS and the donor,could be classified into three groups including high-efficiency,mid-efficiency,and low-efficiency based on plant dry mass.Regression analysis suggested that there are significantly positive correlations between plant dry mass and the accumulated amount of N,P,and K.Further,there are positively significant correlations among the plant accumulative N amount and some plant traits and physiological parameters,as well as positively significant correlations between the accumulative amount of P and K and the photosynthetic rate (Pn).
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    Response of cotton genotypes to planting date and plant spacing

    Muhammad IQBALMueen Alam KHAN
    262-267页
    查看更多>>摘要：Cotton growers face a problem of low cotton yield in late planting (after sunflower and maize).The objective of our study was to determine the effects of planting date,plant spacing (plant density),and genotypes on seed cotton yield and its components,ginning outturn (GOT％),and fiber quality traits (fiber length and fiber fineness).Five planting dates (May 1,May 15,May 30,June 15,and June 30),three plant spacings (15,30,and 45 cm),and three cotton genotypes (CRS-6070,CRS-738,and CIM-496) were evaluated for seed cotton yield with its components and fiber quality traits.The results showed that monopodiai branches/plant,sympodial branches/plant,number of bolls/plant,and seed cotton yield differed significantly among different planting dates,plant spacing,and genotypes.While the boll weight was significantly different among genotypes only.GOT％,fiber length,and fiber fineness were different significantly among planting time and cotton genotypes,which were not significantly affected by plant spacing.Cotton grown in early planting dates had higher seed cotton yield (4874 and 4653 kg/hm2) at the highest plant spacing (45 cm).While late sown cotton (June 15 onward) gave higher seed cotton yields (2068 and 1889 kg/hm2) at the lowest plant spacing (15 cm).GOT％,fiber length,and fiber fineness improved significantly in late planting and not affected from plant spacing.From our present study,it is concluded that high seed cotton yield can be achieved at high plant spacing in early planting while at low plant spacing in late planting.
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    Development of EST-SSR markers in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

    Xinyan WEILifeng LIUShunli CUIHuanying CHEN...
    268-273页
    查看更多>>摘要：More molecular markers for potential use in peanut genetic research were developed.A total of 92403 EST sequences of peanut (Arachis) in the NCBI database were downloaded and analyzed.2594 SSRs distributed in 2267 nonredundant ESTsequences were detected,with tri-nucleotide motif (65.54％) as the most abundant motif type followed by di-nucleotide motif (28.10％).Among the 92 repeat types,the top eight motif types were AG/TC (20.1％),AAG/TTC (11.8％),AAT/TTA (10.1％),AGG/TCC (6.6％),AGA/TCT (6.3％),AT/TA (5.9％),ACT/TGA (3.8％),and ATG/TAC (3.7％) with higher frequency.A total of 237 primer pairs were successfully designed based on the 2267 SSR-ESTs using DNA star software.
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    Molecular characterization and expression analysis of phosphate transporter gene TaPT2-1 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

    Xirong CUIYongsheng ZHANGFanghua ZHAOChengjin GUO...
    274-283页
    查看更多>>摘要：A transcript-derived fragment (TDF) showing up-regulated expression under low Pi stress and being identical to an uncharacterized phosphate transporter gene TaPT2-1 was cloned in wheat.TaPT2-1 was 2075 bp in length and encoded a 568-aa polypeptide.Transmembrane prediction analysis suggested that TaPT2-1 had 13 conserved transmembrane domains.TaPT2-1 shared much higher similarities to other four homologs from Arabidopsis thaliana,Solanum tuberosum,Capsicum frutescens,and Solanum melongena.The expression of TaPT2-1 was root specific and low Pi inducible,suggesting that it plays roles in roots and is involved in the Pi acquisition under Pi-starved condition.The promoter region of TaPT2-1 was cloned based on genome walk analysis.Several types of cis-regulatory elements,such as low Pi responding and tissue specific,were identified in TaPT2-1 promoter.The transgenic tobacco plants with the integrated TaPT2-1 promoter GUS were generated,and GUS histochemical staining analysis in the roots and leaves of the transgenic plants was performed.The results of GUS staining in roots and leaves under various Pi supply conditions were in accordance with the TaPT2-1 transcripts detected based on RT-PCR analysis.Taken together,the distinct expression of low Pi-induced and root-specific TaPT2-1 suggested that it could be used as the potential gene resource on generation of elite crop germplasms with high Pi use efficiency in the future.
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    Comparative mapping of QTLs for H+ secretion of root in maize (Zea mays L.) and cross phosphorus levels on two growth stages

    Junyi CHENLi XU
    284-290页
    查看更多>>摘要：H+ is a root secretion that affects P acquisition and P-use efficiency (PUE) under deficient phosphorus in maize.The secretion of H+,difference value of H+ between deficient and normal phosphorus (DH),and relative H+ (RH) as well as the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with these traits were determined for a F2∶3 population derived from the cross of two contrasting maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes,082 and Ye107.By using composite interval mapping (CIM),a total of 14,8,and 9 distinct QTLs were identified for H+,DH,and RH,respectively.Most loci of QTLs for traits H+,DH,and RH had different cross environments.It showed that H+ secretion possessed an environment-sensitive and multi-gene nature.The gene × environment interaction was actually reflected by H+ secretion.One region for QTL of trait H+ was detected at the interval of bnlg2228-bnlg100 (bin 1.08) on chromosome 1.Coincident QTLs in the important genomic region reflected the cross phosphorus levels,different cross growth stages,and two different cross environments.The QTL explained 10％ to 14％ total phenotypic variance of H+.Therefore,the above segment (bnlg2228-bnlg100) (bin 1.08) identified on chromosome 1 may be used in the future for MAS to improve the phosphorus efficiency in maize.
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    Molecular characterization, transcriptional regulation and function analysis of nitrate transporters in plants

    Chengjin GUOWensuo CHANGJuntao GUXiaojuan LI...
    291-298页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important inorganic nutrients in plants,and its less availability is an important limiting factor for plant growth in most agricultural systems.In this essay,the following aspects on nitrate transporters (NRT) in plants,such as the uptake features of nitrate (NO~) mediated by roots,molecular characterization of NRTs,expression patterns and transcription regulation mechanisms of NRT genes,and functions of NRTs in plants,have been reviewed.Further studies of the molecular characterization,expression patterns,transcriptional regulation mechanisms,and functions of plant NRTs will provide a more detailed insight to understand the molecular mechanism of nitrate intake and nitrate transportation in plants.In the meantime,the researches on plant NRTs have potential roles for the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crop production,as well as for the promotion of sustainable development in the agricultural ecosystem.
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    Cloning and pharmaceutical analysis of CaMK gene of Botrytis cinerea

    Yuxia DONGJihong XINGJiao JIAQiaoyun WENG...
    299-304页
    查看更多>>摘要：Using a PCR homology approach,DNA and cDNA sequences of calcium/calmodulin-depcndent protein kinase (CaMK) gene ofBotrytis cinerea were obtained.Southern blotting result displayed that CaMK was single copy in the genome of B.cinerea.The cDNA sequence of CaMK revealed an open reading frame of 2190 nucleotides encoding a 730 amino acid protein with predicted molecular weight of 81.8748 kDa.The genomic sequence of CaMK revealed the same ORF interrupted by six introns.Bioinformatics analysis showed that this protein had the distinctive features that characterize CaMK ATP binding region signature and serine/threonine protein kinase active-site signature.Pharmaceutical analysis displayed that the CaMK specific inhibitor,KN-62,could inhibit conidial germination,pathogenicity and herbicidal activity ofB.cinerea BC4 strain.It was suggested that CaMK played an important role in regulating conidial germination,pathogenicity and herbicidal activity of B.cinerea.
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    The control effect of a multifunctional bacterial agent fit for straw amendment against wheat soil-borne diseases

    Shan LIYongsheng ZHANGYanan WANGChunqi LIANG...
    305-309页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soil-borne diseases of wheat are getting more and more serious in the wheat/maize rotation growing system in northern China.A multifunctional microorganic strain called B1514 was found to have an inhibitory effect against major pathogens of winter wheat soil-borne diseases,have the ability to decompose maize straw,and have the ability to utilize the straw for multiplication.The strain was processed into bacterial agent HAD-1.Field experiments were conducted from 2008 to 2010 to test the control effect of HAD-1 on the major wheat soil-borne diseases,on decomposing ability to maize straw,and on reproductive capacity.Results showed that HAD-1 had significant control effects on sharp eyespot,take-all,and root rot on wheat.The control efficacy at wheat jointing stage was 59.63％ to 72.59％,57.64％ to 59.29％,and 54.48％ to 63.25％,respectively.The yield loss decreased by 8.67％ to 11.70％.The population numbers of the strain B1514 increased 2.68 × 107-4.83 × 107 times during the wheat growing season.HAD-1 significantly accelerated the decomposition rate of maize straw in the soil.The decomposition rate increased by 18.7％ to 24.3％ during wheat growing season.
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    Influence of some chemical compounds on germination and early seedling growth of two range species under allelopathic conditions

    Morteza SABERIAlireza SHAHRIARIFarajollah TARNIANMohammad JAFARI...
    310-321页
    查看更多>>摘要：Seed priming technique has been known to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environment stresses.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of seed priming in improving the seed germination and seedling vigor of Agropyron elongatum and Bromus inermis in response to five concentrations of the allelopathic extract of Thymus kotschyanus (0,5％,25％,50％ and 75％) under laboratory conditions.Pretreatments included gibberellic acid (250,500 and 1000 ppm),potassium nitrate (0.1％,0.2％ and 0.3％) and salicylic acid (100,200and 300 mg/L).This experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications.The results showed that seed germination,germination speed and seedling vigor were significantly decreased (P＜ 0.01) by increasing extract concentrations of Thymus kotschyanus alielopathic compounds in unprimed seed (control) compared with primed seeds.Seed priming enhanced germination percentage,germination speed and initial growth.Overall,the results of this study showed that the response of both species to pretreatment of seeds was positive.Therefore,pretreatments of seeds with the aforementioned chemical stimulators before planting can significantly reduce the negative effect of allelopathic compounds in Thymus kotschyanus during the germination stage and contribute to plant establishment by increasing germination speed and growth of embryos.
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    Identification of a gene responsible for the 60-day delay in flowering time of Arabidopsis

    Jihong XINGYe ZHANGJing ZHANGQiaoyun WENG...
    322-327页
    查看更多>>摘要：Identification of genes related to flowering-time in Arabidopsis is very important and meaningful contribution to the flowering process control.One late flowering mutant plant,which exhibits 60-day delay in flowering,was screened from Arabidopsis library of T-DNA insertion.Southern blotting was used to confirm the single copy of exogenetic T-DNA in the genome of the mutant.The flanking sequence of T-DNA insert was obtained by TAILPCR and then analyzed by BLAST to confirm that the insertion site locates at the sixth exon of AT2G19520.1 (FVE gene).FVE is considered as a classical flowering time gene in Arabidopsis.It is a component of the autonomous pathway that encodes AtMSI4,which is a putative retinoblastoma-associated protein.The late-flowering mutant is named as fve-4,which is similar to fve-3 of Columbia and allelic withfve-1 andfve-2 ofLandsberg erecta.Thefve-4 mutant's delay of flowering was longer than that offve-3 mutant,whose T-DNA insertion is located at the first exon of FVE gene,suggesting that the sixth exon of FVE gene may play a more important role in the control of floral transition.
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