期刊,中国科学:生命科学（英文版） 2024年卷8期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

中国科学:生命科学（英文版）

主　　编：周光召

出版周期：月刊

国际刊号：1674-7305

电子邮箱：sales@scichina.org

电　　话：010-64019820

邮政编码：100717

地　　址：北京东黄城根北街16号

中国科学:生命科学（英文版）/Journal Science China(Life Sciences)CSCDCSTPCDSCI

查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。

正式出版

收录年代

Adenylate kinase phosphate energy shuttle underlies energetic communication in flagellar axonemes

Huan WuYanman ZhangYuqian LiShuya Sun...

1697-1714页

查看更多>>摘要：The complexities of energy transfer mechanisms in the flagella of mammalian sperm flagella have been intensively investigated and de-monstrate significant diversity across species.Enzymatic shuttles,particularly adenylate kinase(AK)and creatine kinase(CK),are pivotal in the efficient transfer of intracellular ATP,showing distinct tissue-and species-specificity.Here,the expression profiles of AK and CK were investigated in mice and found to fall into four subgroups,of which Subgroup Ⅲ AKs were observed to be unique to the male reproductive system and conserved across chordates.Both AK8 and AK9 were found to be indispensable to male reproduction after analysis of an infertile male cohort.Knockout mouse models showed that AK8 and AK9 were central to promoting sperm motility.Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry revealed that AK8 and AK9 interact with the radial spoke(RS)of the axoneme.Examination of various human and mouse sperm samples with substructural damage,including the presence of multiple RS subunits,showed that the head of radial spoke 3 acts as an adapter for AK9 in the flagellar axoneme.Using an ATP probe together with metabolomic analysis,it was found that AK8 and AK9 cooperatively regulated ATP transfer in the axoneme,and were concentrated at sites associated with energy consumption in the flagellum.These findings indicate a novel function for RS beyond its structural role,namely,the regulation of ATP transfer.In conclusion,the results expand the functional spectrum of AK proteins and suggest a fresh model regarding ATP transfer within mammalian flagella.

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万方数据
维普

Engineering disease-resistant plants with alternative translation efficiency by switching uORF types through CRISPR

Jingjing TianZhijuan TangRuixia NiuYulu Zhou...

1715-1726页

查看更多>>摘要：Engineering disease-resistant plants can be a powerful solution to the issue of food security.However,it requires addressing two funda-mental questions:what genes to express and how to control their expressions.To find a solution,we screen CRISPR-edited upstream open reading frame(uORF)variants in rice,aiming to optimize translational control of disease-related genes.By switching uORF types of the 5'-leader from Arabidopsis TBF1,we modulate the ribosome accessibility to the downstream firefly luciferase.We assume that by switching uORF types using CRISPR,we could generate uORF variants with alternative translation efficiency(CRISPR-aTrE-uORF).These variants,capable of boosting translation for resistance-associated genes and dampening it for susceptible ones,can help pinpoint previously uni-dentified genes with optimal expression levels.To test the assumption,we screened edited uORF variants and found that enhanced translational suppression of the plastic glutamine synthetase 2 can provide broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice with minimal fitness costs.This strategy,which involves modifying uORFs from none to some,or from some to none or different ones,demonstrates how translational agriculture can speed up the development of disease-resistant crops.This is vital for tackling the food security challenges we face due to growing populations and changing climates.

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万方数据
维普

The genetic basis and process of inbreeding depression in an elite hybrid rice

Xiaodong XuYawen XuJian CheXu Han...

1727-1738页

查看更多>>摘要：Inbreeding depression refers to the reduced performance arising from increased homozygosity,a phenomenon that is the reverse of heterosis and exists among plants and animals.As a natural self-pollinated crop with strong heterosis,the mechanism of inbreeding depression in rice is largely unknown.To understand the genetic basis of inbreeding depression,we constructed a successive inbreeding population from the F2 to F4 generation and observed inbreeding depression of all heterotic traits in the progeny along with the decay of heterozygosity in each generation.The expected depression effect was largely explained by 13 QTLs showing dominant effects for spikelets per panicle,11 for primary branches,and 12 for secondary branches,and these loci constitute the main correlation between heterosis and inbreeding depression.However,the genetic basis of inbreeding depression is also distinct from that of heterosis,such that a biased transmission ratio of alleles for QTLs with either dominant or additive effects in four segregation distortion regions would result in minor effects in expected depression.Noticeably,two-locus interactions may change the extent and direction of the depression effects of the target loci,and overall interactions would promote inbreeding depression among generations.Using an F2∶3 variation population,the actual performance of the loci showing expected depression was evaluated considering the heterozygosity decay in the background after in-breeding.We found inconsistent or various degrees of background depression from the F2 to F3 generation assuming different genotypes of the target locus,which may affect the actual depression effect of the locus due to epistasis.The results suggest that the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression and heterosis is closely linked but also differs in their intrinsic mechanisms,which expand our understanding of the whole-genome architecture of inbreeding depression.

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万方数据
维普

Missing microbes in infants and children in the COVID-19 pandemic:a study of 1,126 participants in Beijing,China

Jiejing WangYuejuan LiYu MuKefei Huang...

1739-1750页

查看更多>>摘要：The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many fatalities worldwide and continues to affect the health of the recovered patients in the form of long-COVID.In this study,we compared the gut microbiome of uninfected infants and children before the pandemic began(BEFORE cohort,n=906)to that of after the pandemic(AFTER cohort,n=220)to examine the potential impact of social distancing and life habit changes on infant/children gut microbiome.Based on 16S rRNA sequencing,we found a significant change in microbiome composition after the pandemic,with Bacteroides enterotype increasing to 35.45％from 30.46％before the pandemic.qPCR quantification indicated that the bacterial loads of seven keystone taxa decreased by 91.69％-19.58％.Quantitative microbiome profiling,used to enhance the resolution in detecting microbiome differences,revealed a greater explained variance of pandemic on microbiome compared to gender,as well as a significant decrease in bacterial loads in 15 of the 20 major genera.The random forest age-predictor indicated the gut microbiomes were less mature in the after-pandemic cohort than in the before-pandemic cohort in the children group(3-12 years old)and had features of a significantly younger age(average of 1.86 years).Lastly,body weight and height were significantly lower in the after-pandemic cohort than in the before-pandemic cohort in infants(＜1 year of age),which was associated with a decrease in bacterial loads in the fecal microbiome.

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万方数据
维普

Gut microbial interactions based on network construction and bacterial pairwise cultivation

Min-Zhi JiangChang LiuChang XuHe Jiang...

1751-1762页

查看更多>>摘要：Association networks are widely applied for the prediction of bacterial interactions in studies of human gut microbiomes.However,the experimental validation of the predicted interactions is challenging due to the complexity of gut microbiomes and the limited number of cultivated bacteria.In this study,we addressed this challenge by integrating in vitro time series network(TSN)associations and co-cultivation of TSN taxon pairs.Fecal samples were collected and used for cultivation and enrichment of gut microbiome on YCFA agar plates for 13 days.Enriched cells were harvested for DNA extraction and metagenomic sequencing.A total of 198 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs)were recovered.Temporal dynamics of bacteria growing on the YCFA agar were used to infer microbial association networks.To experimentally validate the interactions of taxon pairs in networks,we selected 24 and 19 bacterial strains from this study and from the previously established human gut microbial biobank,respectively,for pairwise co-cultures.The co-culture experiments revealed that most of the interactions between taxa in networks were identified as neutralism(51.67％),followed by commensalism(21.67％),amensalism(18.33％),competition(5％)and exploitation(3.33％).Genome-centric analysis further revealed that the commensal gut bacteria(helpers and beneficiaries)might interact with each other via the exchanges of amino acids with high biosynthetic costs,short-chain fatty acids,and/or vitamins.We also validated 12 beneficiaries by adding 16 additives into the basic YCFA medium and found that the growth of 66.7％of these strains was significantly promoted.This approach provides new insights into the gut microbiome complexity and microbial inter-actions in association networks.Our work highlights that the positive relationships in gut microbial communities tend to be overestimated,and that amino acids,short-chain fatty acids,and vitamins are contributed to the positive relationships.

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