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中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学（英文版）
中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学（英文版）

周光召

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中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学（英文版）/Journal Science China(Physics, Mechanics&Astronomy)CSCDCSTPCDEISCI
查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。
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    A quantum federated learning framework for classical clients

    Yanqi SongYusen WuShengyao WuDandan Li...
    1-10页
    查看更多>>摘要：Quantum federated learning(QFL)enables collaborative training of a quantum machine learning(QML)model among multiple clients possessing quantum computing capabilities,without the need to share their respective local data.However,the limited availability of quantum computing resources poses a challenge for each client to acquire quantum computing capabilities.This raises a natural question:Can quantum computing capabilities be deployed on the server instead?In this paper,we propose a QFL framework specifically designed for classical clients,referred to as CC-QFL,in response to this question.In each iteration,the collaborative training of the QML model is assisted by the shadow tomography technique,eliminating the need for quantum computing capabilities of clients.Specifically,the server constructs a classical representation of the QML model and transmits it to the clients.The clients encode their local data onto observables and use this classical representation to calculate local gra-dients.These local gradients are then utilized to update the parameters of the QML model.We evaluate the effectiveness of our framework through extensive numerical simulations using handwritten digit images from the MNIST dataset.Our framework provides valuable insights into QFL,particularly in scenarios where quantum computing resources are scarce.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Spectrally resolved Franson interference

    Rui-Bo JinZi-Qi ZengDan XuChen-Zhi Yuan...
    11-17页
    查看更多>>摘要：Franson interference can be used to test the nonlocal features of energy-time entanglement and has become a standard in quantum physics.However,most of the previous Franson interference experiments were demonstrated in the time domain,and the spectral properties of Franson interference have not been fully explored.Here,we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate spectrally resolved Franson interference using biphotons with different correlations,including positive correlation,negative correlation,and non-correlation.It is found that the joint spectral intensities of the biphotons can be modulated along both the signal and idler di-rections,which has potential applications in generating high-dimensional frequency entanglement and time-frequency grid states.This work may provide a new perspective for understanding the spectral-temporal properties of the Franson interferometer.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Kerr black hole shadows cast by extraordinary light rays with Weyl corrections

    Songbai ChenJiliang Jing
    18-26页
    查看更多>>摘要：We investigate the equation of motion for photons with Weyl corrections in a Kerr black hole spacetime in a small coupling case.Our results show that Weyl corrections yield phenomena of birefringence.The light rays propagating in the spacetime are sepa-rated into the ordinary rays and the extraordinary rays,and the propagation of the latter depends on the corrections.We probe the effects of Weyl corrections on the Kerr black hole shadows casted by the extraordinary rays and find that such corrections result in a weak stretching or squeezing in the vertical direction for the black hole shadows.Finally,we also study the change of the length of the Near-Horizon Extremal Kerr line(NHEK line)with Weyl corrections.These features could help us to understand the electrodynamics with Weyl corrections from black hole shadows.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Thermodynamic nature of black holes in coexistence region

    Shao-Wen WeiYu-Xiao Liu
    27-32页
    查看更多>>摘要：Studying the system state of coexistence regions will peek into to reveal microscopic interactions between different phases of a thermodynamic system.However,there is no effective method to study thermodynamic nature of the coexistence black hole regions for the failure of the equation of state.Aiming at these coexistence states,in this work,we develop a general approach by introducing two new ratio parameters.The first one is the ratio of the horizon radii of the saturated coexistence small and large black holes,and the second one measures that of the small black hole molecule number to the total molecule number.We demonstrate that the first parameter can serve as an order parameter to characterize the first-order phase transition.The study also shows that the black hole state in the coexistence region is uniquely determined by these two introduced parameters bounded between 0 and 1.These results are quite significant in the analytical study of phase transition and the microscopic nature of black hole in the coexistence regions.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Efficient second and third harmonic generation in dual-layer lithium niobate microdisk resonator

    Zhenzhong HaoXiao WuQiang LuoZhang Li...
    33-38页
    查看更多>>摘要：Lithium niobate thin film frequency doubler has extensive applications in the preparation of classical and quantum sources.In this study,we successfully fabricated microdisk resonators with a quality factor of 2.2x105 in reverse-polarization dual-layer x-cut lithium niobate for the first time.Based on the modal phase matching condition,efficient second harmonic generation with a record normalized conversion efficiency of～56000％W-1 and cascaded third harmonic generation with an efficiency of～6500％W-2 were obtained in the microdisk resonator.Compared with the periodically poled lithium niobate microcavity,the complex domain structure preparation processes are avoided.Our work provides a scheme for achieving highly efficient second-order nonlinear effects in non-periodically poled microcavities.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Topological non-reciprocal robust waveguide transport

    Ruizhi DongYihuan ZhuDongxing MaoXu Wang...
    39-45页
    查看更多>>摘要：Devices that surpass the restriction of reciprocity of classical physical waves have brought intriguing possibilities for wave mod-ulation.Non-reciprocal acoustic devices that rely on the viscosity of the medium or nonlinear effect have low efficiency and distortion problems respectively,and poor immunity to defects.The appearance of acoustic topological insulators achieves non-reciprocal transport with high robustness.However,the local nature of topological states means that their appearance depends on a system with a larger dimension.That is,most of the area of a topological device is occupied by useless lattices that do not directly contribute to non-reciprocal transport.The extra cost of topology protection severely limits the application scenar-ios of topology states,decreases the cost-effectiveness of topology devices,and is not conducive to device miniaturization and integration.In this work,we construct an acoustic three-layer heterojunction by introducing two types of domain walls into a conventional quantum Hall effect acoustic topological insulator,and successfully construct a non-reciprocal scattering network that forms topological modes spanning the interlayer domain.These extended states are still protected by bulk-band topology,making their non-reciprocity robust against disorder.This structure flawlessly realizes the path broadening in a two-dimensional topological system and can accomplish functions such as non-reciprocal acoustic splitting and multichannel transmission.Our work opens up opportunities for developing topological-insulator-based non-reciprocal devices in acoustics.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Topological pseudospin switcher:Mechanism and acoustic realization

    Jia-He ChenYiyin ChenYaoqieyu SongYongxu Xu...
    46-53页
    查看更多>>摘要：The control of the pseudospin of sound wave has attracted increasing attention in recent years.Utilizing the finite-size effect of topological acoustics,we successfully construct an H-shaped acoustic topological pseudospin switcher that sound wave energy can be easily switched through different passages.The interesting phenomenon of pseudospin flipping is numerically and experimentally demonstrated.A quantitative interference theory is proposed that the constructive and destructive interference of pseudospin states leads to pseudospin flipping and preserving in multiple frequencies.We verify the key parameters of the design,including the length of the passage and its interface state dispersion,and the theory can be extended to other topology acoustics and photonics systems.Moreover,the tunable topological sonic crystal we use provides adjustable convenience to pseudospin switcher design.The pseudospin switching behavior offers an efficient method to control the acoustic topological edge state transport,which has great potential in versatile applications,such as integrated acoustics,acoustic security,and information processing.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Elastic three-dimensional phononic topological insulators with Dirac hierarchy

    Shao-Yong HuoQiu-Shuang YangJiu-Jiu ChenHong-Kang Li...
    54-62页
    查看更多>>摘要：Three-dimensional(3D)phononic topological insulators(TIs)featuring two-dimensional(2D)surface states and one-dimen-sional(1D)hinge states have opened up a new route for multi-dimensional robust wave transport,providing unprecedented methods for integrated acoustic sensors and energy harvesting devices.However,aiming at the elastic 3D phononic TI with gapless surface states and hinge states,the realization of elastic 3D phononic TIs with gapless surface states and hinge states is a significant challenge due to the complicated multi-mode polarization of elastic waves in 3D structures.In this study,we demonstrate an elastic 3D phononic TI with a Dirac hierarchy by elaborately operating the corresponding spatial symmetries of the chiral honeycomb lattice.First,a 3D double Dirac cone of elastic wave can be achieved by doubling the lattice along the out-of-plane direction to fold two iso-frequency Weyl points.The topological phase transitions and 2D gapless two-fold Dirac surface states of elastic wave are realized by breaking the half-lattice spatial translation symmetry.Subsequently,based on the Brillouin zone folding along the in-plane direction,the 2D gapless two-fold surface Dirac cones are folded into four-fold surface Dirac cones.Finally,by inducing the relative radius of adjacent holes to break the in-plane spatial inversion symmetry,the four-fold surface Dirac cones are gapped and associated with a surface state inversion,in which the gapless 1D hinge Dirac dispersion is achieved.This research offers a route for engineering the hierarchies of TIs in 3D elastic wave systems and provides new possibilities for designing 3D ultrasonic devices with unconventional functions.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Tailored energy absorption for a novel auxetic honeycomb structure under large deformation

    Xiuhui HouBin WangZiehen Deng
    63-80页
    查看更多>>摘要：In comparison to conventional hexagonal honeycomb structures,auxetic metamaterials with re-entrant configurations have exhibited superior mechanical properties in terms of energy absorption.To further enhance the energy absorption capacity of these materials,a novel re-entrant honeycomb configuration,named novel auxetic re-entrant honeycomb(NARH),is developed by incorporating"◇"-shaped cell walls into the conventional auxetic re-entrant honeycomb(ARH).Two analytical models for the plateau stress are formulated to consider the plastic deformation of NARH during quasi-static compression and the dynamic impact using the linear momentum theorem.Quasi-static compression tests on 3D printed NARH honeycomb specimens and finite element simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical models.NARH exhibits higher plateau stresses compared with ARH during compression,which can be attributed to the presence of more plastic hinges formed in NARH.These hinges,the embedded parts with inclined cell walls,not only improve stability by forming stable triangles during compression but also enhance the energy absorption capacity.A parametric study is conducted to analyze the effect of impact velocity,thickness,and incline angle of cell walls on crashworthiness.Numerical simulations demonstrate higher sensitivity of the mechanical properties to impact velocity and cell wall thickness.Adding ribs to the"◇"-shaped cell walls in NARH further reduces the initial peak force during dynamic crushing while maintaining high energy absorption.The research provides valuable guidelines for the design of energy absorption metamaterials.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Correlating dynamic relaxation and viscoelasticity in metallic glasses

    GuangHui XingQi HaoFan ZhuYun-Jiang Wang...
    81-90页
    查看更多>>摘要：Relaxation dynamics,essential for the structural evolution of non-equilibrium systems like glassy materials,remain enigmatic.Here,we explore relaxation dynamics and viscoelastic properties in three types of metallic glasses with distinct β relaxation behavior.In systems with significant β relaxation,stress relaxation and creep experiments reveal a transition from two-step to one-step relaxation with rising temperature.However,such a phenomenon is absent in systems with weaker β relaxation.We model the two-step relaxation process using a double Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts equation,and the obtained relaxation times elegantly adhere to the Arrhenius relationship.By combining fitted activation energies with theoretical analysis,we conclusively attribute these relaxation processes to β relaxation and α relaxation,respectively.Finally,we analyze the relaxation time spectra of two processes and establish a comprehensive picture linking dynamic relaxation with viscoelasticity.Our study provides new strategies for probing the complex relaxation behaviors of glasses from the perspective of viscoelasticity.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普