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中国物理B（英文版）
中国物理B（英文版）

欧阳钟灿

月刊

1674-1056

010-82649026 82649519

100080

北京603信箱

中国物理B（英文版）/Journal Chinese Physics　BCSCDCSTPCD北大核心EISCI
查看更多>>该刊与《物理学报》是中国物理学会主办的物理学英文和中文的综合性国际学术月刊。刊登物理学科领域中，国内外未曾公开发表的具有创新性的科学研究最新成果。内容包括物理学各领域的理论、实验技术及应用。两刊内容不重复。两刊以论文水平高、创新性强，发表速度快的特点，受到国内外物理学工作者的好评和关注。被国际著名的SCI等10种以上检索系统收录。曾多次被评为中国科学院优秀期刊一等奖，1999，2003，2005年荣获第一、第二和第三届国家期刊奖，2001年被国家新闻出版总署评为“中国期刊方阵”中的双高（高知名度、高学术水平）期刊。2001，2002，2003年两刊都评为百种中国杰出期刊。
正式出版
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    Ultrafast photoemission electron microscopy:A multidimensional probe of nonequilibrium physics

    戴亚南
    24-58页
    查看更多>>摘要：Exploring the realms of physics that extend beyond thermal equilibrium has emerged as a crucial branch of condensed matter physics research.It aims to unravel the intricate processes involving the excitations,interactions,and annihilations of quasi-and many-body particles,and ultimately to achieve the manipulation and engineering of exotic non-equilibrium quan-tum phases on the ultrasmall and ultrafast spatiotemporal scales.Given the inherent complexities arising from many-body dynamics,it therefore seeks a technique that has efficient and diverse detection degrees of freedom to study the underlying physics.By combining high-power femtosecond lasers with real-or momentum-space photoemission electron microscopy(PEEM),imaging excited state phenomena from multiple perspectives,including time,real space,energy,momentum,and spin,can be conveniently achieved,making it a unique technique in studying physics out of equilibrium.In this context,we overview the working principle and technical advances of the PEEM apparatus and the related laser systems,and sur-vey key excited-state phenomena probed through this surface-sensitive methodology,including the ultrafast dynamics of electrons,excitons,plasmons,spins,etc.,in materials ranging from bulk and nano-structured metals and semiconductors to low-dimensional quantum materials.Through this review,one can further envision that time-resolved PEEM will open new avenues for investigating a variety of classical and quantum phenomena in a multidimensional parameter space,offering unprecedented and comprehensive insights into important questions in the field of condensed matter physics.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Unveiling the early stage evolution of local atomic structures in the crystallization process of a metallic glass

    马琳杨晓东杨锋周鑫嘉...
    59-66页
    查看更多>>摘要：The early stage evolution of local atomic structures in a multicomponent metallic glass during its crystallization pro-cess has been investigated via molecular dynamics simulation.It is found that the initial thermal stability and earliest stage evolution of the local atomic clusters show no strong correlation with their initial short-range orders,and this leads to an observation of a novel symmetry convergence phenomenon,which can be understood as an atomic structure manifestation of the ergodicity.Furthermore,in our system we have quantitatively proved that the crucial factor for the thermal stability against crystallization exhibited by the metallic glass is not the total amount of icosahedral clusters,but the degree of global connectivity among them.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Ultrafast magneto-optical dynamics in nickel(111)single crystal studied by the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes

    匡皓余军潇陈洁H.E.Elsayed-Ali...
    67-72页
    查看更多>>摘要：With the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes,we observed carrier relaxation and spin dynamics induced by ultrafast laser excitation of Ni(111)single crystals.The carrier relaxation time within the linear excitation range reveals that electron-phonon coupling and dissipation of photon energy into the bulk of the crystal take tens of picoseconds.On the other hand,the observed spin dynamics indicate a longer time of about 120 ps.To further understand how the lattice degree of freedom is coupled with these dynamics may require the integration of an ultrafast diffraction probe.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    A Yb optical clock with a lattice power enhancement cavity

    王春云姚远师浩森于洪浮...
    73-78页
    查看更多>>摘要：We construct a power enhancement cavity to form an optical lattice in an ytterbium optical clock.It is demonstrated that the intra-cavity lattice power can be increased by about 45 times,and the trap depth can be as large as 1400Er when laser light with a power of only 0.6 W incident to the lattice cavity.Such high trap depths are the key to accurate evaluation of the lattice-induced light shift with an uncertainty down to～1 x 10-18.By probing the ytterbium atoms trapped in the power-enhanced optical lattice,we obtain a 4.3 Hz-linewidth Rabi spectrum,which is then used to feedback to the clock laser for the close loop operation of the optical lattice clock.We evaluate the density shift of the Yb optical lattice clock based on interleaving measurements,which is-0.46(62)mHz.This result is smaller compared to the density shift of our first Yb optical clock without lattice power enhancement cavity mainly due to a larger lattice diameter of 344 pm.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Analysis of pseudo-random number generators in QMC-SSE method

    刘东旭徐维张学锋
    79-84页
    查看更多>>摘要：In the quantum Monte Carlo(QMC)method,the pseudo-random number generator(PRNG)plays a crucial role in determining the computation time.However,the hidden structure of the PRNG may lead to serious issues such as the breakdown of the Markov process.Here,we systematically analyze the performance of different PRNGs on the widely used QMC method known as the stochastic series expansion(SSE)algorithm.To quantitatively compare them,we intro-duce a quantity called QMC efficiency that can effectively reflect the efficiency of the algorithms.After testing several representative observables of the Heisenberg model in one and two dimensions,we recommend the linear congruential generator as the best choice of PRNG.Our work not only helps improve the performance of the SSE method but also sheds light on the other Markov-chain-based numerical algorithms.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Recent advances in protein conformation sampling by combining machine learning with molecular simulation

    唐一鸣杨中元姚逸飞周运...
    85-93页
    查看更多>>摘要：The rapid advancement and broad application of machine learning(ML)have driven a groundbreaking revolution in computational biology.One of the most cutting-edge and important applications of ML is its integration with molecular simulations to improve the sampling efficiency of the vast conformational space of large biomolecules.This review focuses on recent studies that utilize ML-based techniques in the exploration of protein conformational landscape.We first highlight the recent development of ML-aided enhanced sampling methods,including heuristic algorithms and neural networks that are designed to refine the selection of reaction coordinates for the construction of bias potential,or facilitate the exploration of the unsampled region of the energy landscape.Further,we review the development of autoencoder based methods that combine molecular simulations and deep learning to expand the search for protein conformations.Lastly,we discuss the cutting-edge methodologies for the one-shot generation of protein conformations with precise Boltzmann weights.Collectively,this review demonstrates the promising potential of machine learning in revolutionizing our insight into the complex conformational ensembles of proteins.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Enhanced measurement precision with continuous interrogation during dynamical decoupling

    张军杜鹏敬雷徐鹏...
    94-101页
    查看更多>>摘要：Dynamical decoupling(DD)is normally ineffective when applied to DC measurement.In its straightforward im-plementation,DD nulls out DC signal as well while suppressing noise.This work proposes a phase relay method that is capable of continuously interrogating the DC signal over many DD cycles.We illustrate its efficacy when applied to the measurement of a weak DC magnetic field with an atomic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate.Sensitivities approaching standard quantum limit or Heisenberg limit are potentially realizable for a coherent spin state or a squeezed spin state of 10000 atoms,respectively,while ambient laboratory level noise is suppressed by DD.Our work offers a practical approach to mitigate the limitations of DD to DC measurement and would find other applications for resorting coherence in quantum sensing and quantum information processing research.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    One-step quantum dialogue

    朱鹏辉钟伟杜明明李喜云...
    102-112页
    查看更多>>摘要：Quantum dialogue(QD)enables two communication parties to directly exchange secret messages simultaneously.In conventional QD protocols,photons need to transmit in the quantum channel for two rounds.In this paper,we propose a one-step QD protocol based on the hyperentanglement.With the help of the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted Bell state measurement(BSM),the photons only need to transmit in the quantum channel once.We prove that our one-step QD protocol is secure in theory and numerically simulate its secret message capacity under practical experimental condition.Compared with previous QD protocols,the one-step QD protocol can effectively simplify the experiment operations and reduce the message loss caused by the photon transmission loss.Meanwhile,the non-local hyperentanglement-assisted BSM has a success probability of 100％and is feasible with linear optical elements.Moreover,combined with the hyper-entanglement heralded amplification and purification,our protocol is possible to realize long-distance one-step QD.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Measuring small longitudinal phase shifts via weak measurement amplification

    徐凯胡晓敏胡孟军王宁宁...
    113-120页
    查看更多>>摘要：Weak measurement amplification,which is considered as a very promising scheme in precision measurement,has been applied to various small physical quantities estimations.Since many physical quantities can be converted into phase signals,it is interesting and important to consider measuring small longitudinal phase shifts by using weak measurement.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel weak measurement amplification-based small longitudinal phase estimation,which is suitable for polarization interferometry.We realize one order of magnitude amplification measurement of a small phase signal directly introduced by a liquid crystal variable retarder and show that it is robust to the imperfection of interference.Besides,we analyze the effect of magnification error which is never considered in the previous works,and find the constraint on the magnification.Our results may find important applications in high-precision measurements,e.g.,gravitational wave detection.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普

    Image segmentation of exfoliated two-dimensional materials by generative adversarial network-based data augmentation

    程晓昱解晨雪刘宇伦白瑞雪...
    121-127页
    查看更多>>摘要：Mechanically cleaved two-dimensional materials are random in size and thickness.Recognizing atomically thin flakes by human experts is inefficient and unsuitable for scalable production.Deep learning algorithms have been adopted as an alternative,nevertheless a major challenge is a lack of sufficient actual training images.Here we report the generation of synthetic two-dimensional materials images using StyleGAN3 to complement the dataset.DeepLabv3Plus network is trained with the synthetic images which reduces overfitting and improves recognition accuracy to over 90％.A semi-supervisory technique for labeling images is introduced to reduce manual efforts.The sharper edges recognized by this method facilitate material stacking with precise edge alignment,which benefits exploring novel properties of layered-material devices that crucially depend on the interlayer twist-angle.This feasible and efficient method allows for the rapid and high-quality manufacturing of atomically thin materials and devices.
      原文链接:
    • 万方数据
    • 维普