查看更多>>摘要：目的 探讨枣核形组织切除法在内切型鼻翼缩窄整形术中的临床应用效果。 方法 回顾性分析2019年2月至2022年6月中国医学科学院整形外科医院收治的行鼻翼缩窄术患者的临床资料。于鼻翼小叶基底部外缘设计梭形切口线，宽度为4～5 mm，长度为8～12 mm。切口线距离鼻翼面颊沟1～2 mm，设计线内侧延长至鼻前庭内部；沿切口设计线切开表面皮肤后，先用尖头弯剪扩大剥离切口下鼻翼软组织，再切除相应的鼻翼内组织，扩大切除的组织形态类似于枣核；充分减张后，切口两端的皮肤行垂直褥式外翻缝合。术后对手术效果和并发症进行随访，并由1位第三方整形外科主治医师采用观察者总体美容改善评分法(GAIS)和温哥华瘢痕量表评分法(VSS)，通过对比患者术前和术后末次随访时的照片对手术效果和术后鼻部瘢痕情况进行评价。其中GAIS包括1、2、3、4、5分，评分越低改善效果越好，改善的标准为评分≤3分；VSS包括颜色(0～3分)、厚度(0～4分)、血管分布(0～3分)、柔软度(0～5分)4个指标，评分越高瘢痕越严重。 结果 共纳入20例患者，其中男6例，女14例，年龄20～33岁，平均24.9岁；患者均有不同程度的鼻翼外扩、鼻翼肥厚的表现。术后13例患者术区出现轻度肿胀、皮下淤斑和黄染，3 d后逐渐消退；术后无感染、切口裂开、延迟不愈等近期并发症发生。术后随访3～16个月，有2例患者因联合了肋软骨植入隆鼻术，术后6～9个月逐渐出现软骨变形而影响鼻孔外观，再次通过手术调整后获得满意效果，鼻孔对称度显著提高；其余患者鼻翼形态均一次性得到较大改善，患者对术后效果表示满意；术后远期无鼻孔变形、鼻小柱偏斜、通气障碍等表现，鼻翼切口瘢痕不明显，位置隐蔽。术后第三方医师对20例患者的GAIS评分为(1.20±0.41)分，其中16例评为1分，4例评为2分，均达到改善标准；VSS总评分为(1.45±0.60)分，其中颜色平均分为0.60分、厚度为0.05分、血管分布为0.55分、柔软度为0.30分。 结论 将枣核形组织切除法应用于内切型鼻翼缩窄术中，可以在切口宽度相同的情况下增加组织去除量，不仅能够充分缩窄鼻翼，而且对鼻翼组织肥厚也有一定的矫正效果。 Objective To investigate the clinical effect of jujube core-shaped tissue resection technique in the treatment of alar reduction. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of patients who underwent alar reduction from February 2019 to June 2022. A spindle-shaped incision line was designed along the outer edge of the base of the nasal lobule, with a width of 4-5 mm and a length of 8-12 mm. The incision line was 1-2 mm away from the alar groove, and the inner side of the design line was extended to the inside of the nasal vestibule. After the incision was made, the subcutaneous tissue was undermining dissected with curved sharp scissors, and the shape of the extended excision tissue was similar to that of jujube core. After reduction, the incision was closed with vertical mattress suture. The surgical effect and complications were followed up after surgery, and an independent attending plastic surgeon evaluated the outcome and scarring based on photos before and at the last postoperative follow-up using the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) and the Vancouver scar scale (VSS). GAIS is graded as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 points, and the lower the score, the better the improvement(≤3 points as effective improvement). VSS includes four parameters: color (0-3 points), thickness (0-4 points), vascular distribution (0-3 points), and softness (0-5 points). The higher the score, the more significant the scar is. Results A total of 20 patients were enrolled, including 6 males and 14 females, aged 20 to 33 years, with an average age of 24.9 years. Before the operation, there were different degrees of alar flare and alar hypertrophy. After surgery, 13 patients had mild swelling, ecchymosis, which resolved after 3 days. There were no major complications as infection, incision dehiscence, and delayed healing. After 3 to 16 months of postoperative follow-up, 2 patients gradually developed cartilage deformation and affected the appearance of the nostrils 6 to 9 months after surgery due to the combination of rib-based rhinoplasty, and the satisfactory results were obtained after revision surgery. The symmetry of the nostrils was significantly improved. The GAIS score of 20 patients was (1.20±0.41) points, of which, 16 patients were rated as 1 point and 4 patients were rated as 2 points, all of which met the improvement criteria, and the VSS score was (1.45±0.60) points, in which the average score for color, thickness, vasculature and compliance are 0.60, 0.05, 0.55 and 0.30 points respectively. Conclusion The application of jujube core-shaped tissue resection technique for alar reduction can increase the amount of tissue removal with the same incision width, which can not only fully narrow the alar effectively but also correct the hypertrophy of the alar tissue.
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