查看更多>>摘要：A novel rice mutant lmi1 showed increased resistance to bacterial blight.LMI1 encodes a DUF292 protein and regulates defense immune responses and cell death via vesicle trafficking in chloroplasts.
查看更多>>摘要：The involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)-localized adenylate transporter1(ER-ANT1)in pho-torespiratory metabolism has been established,yet its precise physiological function remains uncertain.Rice er-ant1 mutant plants grown in ambient air exhibited stunted growth and substantial alterations in amino acid metabolites,but recovery in a high CO2 condition(1.5％).We show that the absence of ER-ANT1 hindered the breakdown of glycine without affecting its synthesis,leading to a substantial accumu-lation of glycine,diminished levels of serine,and depleted reserves of glutamate and alanine.Intriguingly,the er-ant1 plants grown in high CO2 and later exposed to ambient air displayed reduced serine levels within 12 h,yet they accumulated serine a week after transferring to ambient air due to induced phos-phorylated serine synthesis pathways.Furthermore,knockout of ER-ANT1 marginally impacted the tran-scription of genes governing core enzymes in photorespiration,but notably upregulated BOU expression that encodes a putative mitochondrial glutamate transporter and AGAT1 that encodes an alanine:glyoxy-late aminotransferase gene.Surprisingly,AGAT1,an ER-localized protein,exhibited higher activity that correlates with the decreased alanine levels observed in the er-ant1 mutant.Lack of ER-ANT1 activity also led to a significantly elevated NADH/NAD+ratio that potentially hinders the glycine-to-serine conversion process.This supports the hypothesis that the lack of ER-ANT1-induced limitation of ATP usage might inhibit GDC activity by modulating the NADH/NAD+ratio.Moreover,non-proteinogenic amino acids,including p-alanine and γ-aminobutyrate(GABA),underwent significant alterations,even under high CO2 conditions in the er-ant mutant,implying additional non-photorespiration roles of ER-ANT1.Taken together,our results indicate that ER-localized ER-ANT1 plays a crucial role in amino acid metabolism during photorespiration.
查看更多>>摘要：WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX)transcription factors play a crucial role in lateral organ development in several plant species;however,their precise functions in soybean(Glycine max[L.]Merr.)were unclear.Here,we identified two independent multi-leaflet soybean mutants,mlw48-8 and mlw48-161,from a CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mutant library in the Williams 82 background.Both mutants exhibited irregular leaf margins,and the upper leaves were narrow and almost lanceolate at maturity.Molecular analysis revealed that these are allelic mutants with independent mutations in the WUSCHEL-related homeobox1(GmWOX1A)gene.A transcriptome analysis demonstrated that GmWOX1A modulates the expression of auxin-and leaf development-related genes.Yeast two-hybrid and split-luciferase complementation imaging assays revealed that GmWOX1A interacts with the YABBY family protein GmYAB5,providing further evidence of its potential involvement in leaf development.Notably,the mlw48-161 mutant showed an increased seed number per plant.Consequently,our study not only provides valuable insights into the role of GmWOX1A in soybean leaf development but also offers a potential strategy for high-yield breeding.
查看更多>>摘要：MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are versatile regulators of gene expression at both the transcription and post-transcription levels.The microRNA miR396 plays vital roles in growth,development,and resistance to abiotic stresses in many plant species.However,the roles and functions of miR396 in soybeans are not well understood.Here,we report that Gm-miR396a influences soybean development and salinity toler-ance.We found that soybean miR396a was responsive to salt stress.Gm-miR396a gene-edited lines(miR396a-GEs),created using CRISPR/Cas9,exhibited more branches,higher grain yields,and greater salinity tolerance than control plants.The transcripts in lines with altered abundance of miR396a-GE were significantly enriched for biological processes related to hormone regulation.Overexpression of the Gm-miR396a precursor(pre-miR396a-OE)resulted in developmental deficiencies including dwarf-ness,abnormal inflorescences and flowers,smaller and fewer seeds,and small leaves with larger and more numerous stomata.Transcriptome analysis indicated photosynthesis-related genes were downreg-ulated in pre-miR396a-OE plants.These results contribute valuable insights into the function of Gm-miR396a in soybeans and hold promise for enhancing soybean yield and salinity tolerance through germ-plasm innovation.
查看更多>>摘要：A glutathione S-transferase(GST)gene IbGSTL2 was cloned and characterized from sweetpotato.It har-bored a variation associated with starch content in storage roots.Overexpression of IbGSTL2 increased starch content and amylopectin proportion,decreased gelatinization temperature,and improved degree of crystallinity in sweetpotato storage roots,while its RNA interference resulted in the opposite trends.IbGSTL2 physically interacted with IbcPGM,an enzyme of sucrose metabolism,and improve starch con-tent and quality by regulating genes involved in starch biosynthesis.
查看更多>>摘要：Doubled haploid(DH)technology is an efficient method used in commercial maize breeding.Chromosome doubling is a vital step of DH technology;however,the underlying processes regulating chromosome doubling of haploid is still not well understood,which is key to optimize the technology.In this study,the immature haploid embryos of the maize inbred line Zheng58 treated with amiprophos-methyl(APM)or colchicine were used to analyze transcriptomic and metabolomic changes,75 and 60 differential expressed metabolites(DEMs)were identified between control treatment,respec-tively.Most differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to artificial chromosome doubling were down regulated;these were mainly involved in mitosis process.Both DEMs and DEGs co-expression analyses showed that,compared to controls,zeatin biosynthesis and cofactor and vitamin metabolism were sig-nificantly enriched in both APM and colchicine treatments.In a parallel experiment,exogenous vitamins including thiamine,nicotinic acid,vitamin B6,or trans-zeatin were added to colchicine treatment;there were synergistic effects between vitamins or zeatin and colchicine in haploid artificial chromosome dou-bling.These results provide novel insights in exploring the molecular responses to antimitotic reagents at both the transcriptomic and metabolomic levels.In addition,the application efficiency of haploid breed-ing will be greatly improved by the key factors for artificial chromosome doubling.
查看更多>>摘要：Genotyping arrays based on single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)provide a low-cost,high-throughput platform.The development of a SNP array that fully reflects the genetic diversity of maize(Zea mays L.)germplasm and is applicable to molecular breeding programs is desirable.In this study,we developed a MaizeGerm50K array comprising 50,852 SNPs selected from the resequencing data of 1604 maize inbred lines and other markers.A genome-wide association study using a landrace panel genotyped with the array permitted mapping of several known genes.We also verified a candidate gene,RNA-binding motif protein 24-like 1(ZmRBM24L1),delaying flowering through overexpression lines.Genomic selection for yield and agronomic traits showed high prediction accuracy.The MaizeGerm50K array is thus a valuable genomic tool for maize genetic studies and breeding.
查看更多>>摘要：Rice is a major crop susceptible to chilling stress.The identification of quantitative trait loci and genes for cold tolerance is crucial for the rice breeding.Of 30 quantitative-trait loci affecting seedling cold toler-ance identified in a genome-wide association study of 540 rice accessions,OsbZIP72 was assigned as the causative gene for one,qCTS9.1.A single-nucleotide polymorphism in its promoter accounted for vari-ation in expression between indica and japonica subspecies.The favorable haplotype of OsbZIP72 origi-nated in wild rice and contributed to the expansion of japonica rice to colder habitats.OsbZIP72 positively regulates genes coding reactive oxygen species(ROS)-scavenging proteins and maintains intra-cellular ROS homeostasis.These findings not only enhanced our understanding of environmental adapta-tion but also provide novel genetic resources and potential targets for molecular design breeding for cold tolerance in rice.
查看更多>>摘要：Soybean(Glycine max)is an important and valuable crop,providing oil and proteins for both humans and animals.Seed weight is a key trait that determines soybean yields;however,the genes and mechanisms controlling seed weight remain poorly understood.Here,we used genome-wide association study(GWAS)and joint linkage mapping to identify a ubiquitin-specific protease,GmSW17.1,which regulates 100-seed weight in soybean.Two natural allelic variants of GmSW1 7.1 resulted in significantly different 100-seed weight,with GmSW17.1T conferring heavier seeds.We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out GmSW17.1,resulting in lighter and smaller seeds;however,these mutants produced more seeds than the wild type,resulting in similar overall yields.Owing to the increased number of seeds,we determined that GmSW17.1 is highly transcribed in developing seeds,and its encoded protein physically interacts in the nucleus with GmSGF1 1,which plays a crucial role in the deubiquitinating pathway.Analysis of geno-mic sequences from more than 1714 soybean accessions suggested that the natural allele GmSW17.1T was selected during the domestication and genetic improvement,resulting in its rapid expansion in cultivated soybean.These findings provide important insights into the role of GmSW1 7.1 in 100-seed weight and offer valuable clues for the molecular breeding of soybean.
查看更多>>摘要：Fusarium head blight(FHB)threatens wheat production worldwide.Utilization of FHB resistant varieties is the most effective solution for disease control.Owing to the limited sources of FHB resistance,mining of novel resistance genes is crucial.Here,we report an FHB resistance gene from a wild wheat relative species,Roegneria ciliaris and developed FHB resistant germplasm containing this gene.Wheat-R.ciliaris disomic addition line DA3Sc showed enhanced type Ⅱ FHB resistance compared to its sister line 3Sc-Null without chromosome 3Sc,indicating that the resistance was contributed by the addition of 3Sc.The resis-tance gene on 3Sc was validated using F2 and F2:3 populations derived from the cross between DA3Sc and susceptible Aikang 58(a susceptible cultivar),demonstrating that the lines with 3Sc had significantly enhanced FHB resistance compared to the individuals without 3Sc.This was the second resistance gene identified in R.ciliaris,designated FhbRc2.To transfer FhbRc2 to common wheat,we produced a double-monosomic chromosome population by crossing DA3Sc with the Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic line N3DT3B.Eight alien chromosome lines containing 3Sc were identified using genomic/fluorescence in situ hybridization and 3Sc-specific marker analysis.Only the lines carrying the long arm of 3Sc con-ferred FHB resistance,further locating FhbRc2 on 3ScL.A compensating wheat-R.ciliaris Robertsonian translocation line T3DS·3ScL harboring FhbRc2 is developed and provides a potential genetic resource in wheat breeding for enhanced FHB resistance.
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