首页期刊导航|动物营养（英文）
期刊信息/Journal information
动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）/Journal Animal NutritionCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
正式出版
收录年代

    Effective protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin and corresponding detoxification mechanisms:A narrative review

    Pengju WangLv-hui SunXu WangQinghua Wu...
    251-266页
    查看更多>>摘要：T-2 toxin is one of the most widespread and toxic fungal toxins in food and feed.It can cause gastro-intestinal toxicity,hepatotoxicity,immunotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,neurotoxicity,and nephrotoxi-city in humans and animals.T-2 toxin is physicochemically stable and does not readily degrade during food and feed processing.Therefore,suppressing T-2 toxin-induced organ toxicity through antidotes is an urgent issue.Protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin have been recorded widely in the literature,but these protective agents and their molecular mechanisms of detoxification have not been comprehensively summarized.In this review,we provide an overview of the various protective agents to T-2 toxin and the molecular mechanisms underlying the detoxification effects.Targeting appropriate targets to antagonize T-2 toxin toxicity is also an important option.This review will provide essential guidance and strategies for the better application and development of T-2 toxin antidotes specific for organ toxicity in the future.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Amino acids in piglet diarrhea:Effects,mechanisms and insights

    Xihong ZhouJing LiangXia XiongYulong Yin...
    267-274页
    查看更多>>摘要：Piglet diarrhea is among one of the most serious health problems faced by the pig industry,resulting in significant economic losses.Diarrheal disease in piglets has a multifactorial etiology that is affected by physiology,environment,and management strategy.Diarrhea is the most apparent symptom of intes-tinal dysfunction.As a key class of essential nutrients in the piglet diet,amino acids confer a variety of beneficial effects on piglets in addition to being used as a substrate for protein synthesis,including maintaining appropriate intestinal integrity,permeability and epithelial renewal,and alleviating morphological damage and inflammatory and oxidative stress.Thus,provision of appropriate levels of amino acids could alleviate piglet diarrhea.Most amino acid effects are mediated by metabolites,gut microbes,and related signaling pathways.In this review,we summarize the current understanding of dietary amino acid effects on gut health and diarrhea incidence in piglets,and reveal the mechanisms involved.We also provide ideas for using amino acid blends and emphasize the importance of amino acid balance in the diet to prevent diarrhea in piglets.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    The role of vitamin E in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress in sub-adult grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

    Ke YaoLin FengWei-Dan JiangYang Liu...
    275-287页
    查看更多>>摘要：Vitamin E(VE)is an essential lipid-soluble vitamin that improves the fish flesh quality.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate the effects of VE on growth performance and flesh quality in sub-adult grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).A total of 450 fish(713.53±1.50 g)were randomly divided into six treatment groups(three replicates per treatment)and fed for nine weeks with different experimental diets(dietary lipid 47.8 g/kg)that contained different levels of VE(5.44,52.07,96.85,141.71,185.66,and 230.12 mg/kg diet,supplemented as dl-a-tocopherol acetate).Notably,the treatment groups that were fed with dietary VE ranging from 52.07 to 230.12 mg/kg diet showed improvement in the percent weight gain,special growth rate,and feed ef-ficiency of grass carp.Moreover,the treatment groups supplemented with dietary VE level of 141.71,185.66,and 230.12 mg/kg diet showed enhancement in crude protein,lipid,and α-tocopherol contents in the muscle,and the dietary levels of VE ranging from 52.07 to 141.71 mg/kg diet improved muscle pH24h and shear force but reduced muscle cooking loss in grass carp.Furthermore,appropriate levels of VE(52.07 to 96.85 mg/kg diet)increased the muscle polyunsaturated fatty acid content in grass carp.Di-etary VE also increased the mRNA levels of fatty acid synthesis-related genes,including fas,scd-1,fad,elovl,srebp1,pparγ,and lxrα,and up-regulated the expression of SREBP-1 protein.However,dietary VE decreased the expression of fatty acid decomposition-related genes,including hsl,cpt1,acox1,and ppara,and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes,including perk,ire1,atf6,eif2a,atf4,xbp1,chop,and grp78,and down-regulated the expression of p-PERK,p-IRE1,ATF6,and GRP78 proteins.In conclusion,dietary VE increased muscle fatty acid synthesis,which may be partly associated with the alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress,and ultimately improves fish flesh quality.Moreover,the VE requirements for sub-adult grass carp(713.53 to 1590.40 g)were estimated to be 124.9 and 122.73 mg/kg diet based on percentage weight gain and muscle shear force,respectively.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

    Robert J.Moore
    288-298页
    查看更多>>摘要：The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs)means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided.IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health.Necrotic enteritis(NE)is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity,and welfare,and was previously well controlled by IFAs.However,with the reduction in IFA use,NE is resurgent in some countries.Vaccines and various feed additives,including pre-,pro-,and postbiotics,phytobiotics,fatty acids,and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control.While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen,Clostridium perfringens,most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health.Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently.Hence,rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in under-taking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings.The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading,thoughts,and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular un-derstanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues.It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Diarrhea induced by insufficient fat absorption in weaned piglets:Causes and nutrition regulation

    Yuying LiPengjun ShiKang YaoQian Lin...
    299-305页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fat is one of the three macronutrients and a significant energy source for piglets.It plays a positive role in maintaining intestinal health and improving production performance.During the weaning period,physiological,stress and diet-related factors influence the absorption of fat in piglets,leading to damage to the intestinal barrier,diarrhea and even death.Signaling pathways,such as fatty acid translocase(CD36),pregnane X receptor(PXR),and AMP-dependent protein kinase(AMPK),are responsible for regulating intestinal fat uptake and maintaining intestinal barrier function.Therefore,this review mainly elaborates on the reasons for diarrhea induced by insufficient fat absorption and related signaling pathways in weaned-piglets,with an emphasis on the intestinal fat absorption disorder.Moreover,we focus on introducing nutritional strategies that can promote intestinal fat absorption in piglets with insufficient fat absorption-related diarrhea,such as lipase,amino acids,and probiotics.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Effect of red clover isoflavones on hormone,immune,inflammatory,and plasma biochemistry in lactating dairy cows

    Shiqi ZhangXiaoyin ZhangZhanbo XiongKexin Li...
    306-312页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study was to conducted to investigate the effect of red clover isoflavones on the health indicated by immune status and blood biochemistry in dairy cows.Sixty-eight healthy Holstein lactating cows were randomly divided into four treatments(n=17 per treatment)from 5 blocks according to milk yield using a randomized complete block design.No initial differences in parity(2.13±1.21),days in milk(165±21 d),and milk yield(33.93±3.81 kg/d)between groups.Cows were fed the basal diet sup-plemented with 0,2,4,or 8 g/kg red clover extract(RCE)in diet(dry matter based).Feeding,refusal feed weights,and milk yield were recorded three consecutive days in weeks 0,4,8,and 12.Blood was collected from the tail vein of the cows on the last day of weeks 4,8 and 12,1 h after the morning feeding,and analyzed for hormones,immunoglobulins,inflammatory markers,and markers of liver and kidney activities.The dry matter intake was significantly decreased by 3.7％in the 8 g/kg group(P＜0.05).The fat-corrected milk yield was significantly higher in both of the 2 and 4 g/kg groups(P＜0.01).Plasma estradiol and prolactin showed a quadratic effect with increasing RCE levels,with the highest in the 4 g/kg group(P＜0.05).Plasma tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a,interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1β levels decreased linearly with increasing dietary RCE levels.Plasma IL-18 levels showed a quadratic effect with increasing dietary RCE levels,with significantly lower levels in both of the 2 and 4 g/kg groups(P＜0.05).Plasma immunoglobulin A and D-lactic acid levels showed a quadratic effect with increasing dietary RCE levels,with significantly higher level in the 4 g/kg group(P＜0.05).The liver function and kidney activity makers were similar(P＞0.05).These results recommend the supplementation of RCE at a level from 2 to 4 g/kg DM.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Growth performance,serum parameters,inflammatory responses,intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaned piglets fed 18％crude protein diets with different ratios of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine

    Jian WangSujie LiuJiayu MaXiaoli Dong...
    313-325页
    查看更多>>摘要：The present study was to explore the Ile requirement of piglets fed 18％crude protein(CP)diets.Two hundred and fifty 28-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets(8.37±1.92 kg)were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments(10 piglets per replicate,5 barrows and 5 gilts per replicate)with 45％,50％,55％,60％,65％standardized ileal digestible(SID)Ile-to-Lys ratios,and the SID Lys was formulated to 1.19％.The experimental design consisted of two phases(d 1 to 14 and d 15 to 28).Results showed that average daily gain(ADG)had a tendency to quadratically increase as the SID Ile-to-Lys ratio increased(P=0.09),and the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios required to maximize ADG were 48.33％and 54.63％for broken-line linear model and quadratic polynomial model,respectively.Different SID Ile-to-Lys ratios had no significant effects on average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio.Dry matter(P＜0.01),CP(P=0.01),ether extract(P=0.04),gross energy(P＜0.01)and organic matter(P＜0.01)digestibility increased quadratically.Serum total cholesterol levels decreased linearly(P=0.01)and quadratically(P＜0.01);aspartate aminotransferase(P＜0.01),interleukin-1β(P=0.01),and tumor necrosis factor-a(P＜0.01)levels decreased quadratically;immunoglobulin G(P=0.03)and immunoglobulin M(P=0.01)concentrations increased quadratically.Serum Ser levels decreased linearly(P＜0.01)and quadratically(P=0.01);Glu(P=0.02),Arg(P=0.05),and Thr(P=0.03)levels decreased quadratically;Gly(P＜0.01)and Leu(P=0.01)levels decreased linearly;Ile(P＜0.01)concentration increased linearly.Duodenal villus height(P＜0.01)and villus height to crypt depth ratio(P＜0.01)increased quadratically.The deficiency or excess of Ile decreased short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria abundance and increased pathogenic bacteria abundance.Overall,taking ADG as the effect index,the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios of piglets offered 18％CP diets were 48.33％and 54.63％based on two different statistical models,respectively,and the deficiency or excess of lle negatively affected piglet growth rates and health status.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    How neonatal diet affects the long-term development of rumination behavior,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in dairy calves fed a high milk level?

    Jianxin XiaoTianyu ChenRong PengGibson M.Alugongo...
    326-337页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study was to investigate growth performance,rumination development,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in young calves provided high volumes(about 20％of calf birth weight)of milk with or without forage inclusion and how these parameters correlate with each other.Immediately after birth,160 newborn Holstein female calves(41.6±4.2 kg of initial BW)were randomly divided into 2 treat-ments:1)starter(CON,only starter)and 2)starter and hay(HAY,both starter and hay).The calves were fed their respective experimental diets from d 4 to 84,after which they were all introduced to similar diets until the end of the experiment on d 196.Treatment had no effect on growth and structural measurements throughout the experimental period.However,treatment had an effect on the other parameters,mainly during the post-weaning period.Forage supplementation tended to reduce starter dry matter intake(P=0.05),while increasing the forage intake(P＜0.01)and the feed-to-gain ratio(P＜0.01).HAY calves had increased neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and physically effective NDF(peNDF)intakes(P＜0.05)and tended to lower(P＜0.01)starch intake compared to CON calves.The HAY calves had a higher rumination time(P＜0.01),ruminal pH(P＜0.01),and acetate-to-propionate ratio(P=0.05)compared to the CON calves.Spearman correlation analysis showed that rumination time was positively related to the ruminal pH at d 84(P=0.01)and 196(P=0.02).The HAY calves had similar apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter(DM),NDF and ether extract(EE),but lower digestibility of organic matter(OM,P=0.03),crude protein(CP,P＜0.01)and starch(P＜0.01)compared to those of the CON calves at week 12.Furthermore,there were no positive relationships between rumination time and nutrient digestibility or between rumination time per kilogram DM and nutrient digestibility.In conclusion,feeding hay to calves fed a high milk level improved rumination during the post-weaning period only,without a concomitant effect on growth performance throughout the experimental period,suggesting no detrimental effect of feeding forage in calves fed high milk level.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Hexokinase 1 and 2 mediates glucose utilization to regulate the synthesis of kappa casein via ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells

    Tianyu YangJia GuoHan SongOsmond Datsomor...
    338-349页
    查看更多>>摘要：Glucose plays a vital part in milk protein synthesis through the mTOR signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells(BMEC).The objectives of this study were to determine how glucose affects hexokinase(HK)activity in BMEC and investigate the regulatory effect of HK in kappa casein(CSN3)synthesis via the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)signaling pathway in BMEC.For this,HK1 and HK2 were knocked out in BMEC using the CR1SPR/Cas9 system.The gene and protein expression,glucose uptake,and cell proliferation were measured.We found that glucose uptake,cell proliferation,CSN3 gene expression levels,and expression of HK1 and HK2 increased with increasing glucose concentrations.Notably,glucose uptake was significantly reduced in HK2 knockout(HK2KO)BMEC treated with 17.5 mM glucose.Moreover,under the same glucose treatment conditions,the proliferative ability and abundance of CSN3 were significantly diminished in both HK1 knockout(HK1KO)and HK2KO BMEC compared with that in wild-type BEMC.We further observed that the phosphorylation levels of ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1(S6K1)were reduced in HK1KO and HK2KO BMEC following treatment with 17.5 mM glucose.As expected,the levels of glucose-6-phosphate and the mRNA expression levels of glycolysis-related genes were decreased in both HK1KO and HK2KO BMEC following glucose treatment.These results indicated that the knockout of HK1 and HK2 inhibited cell proliferation and CSN3 expression in BMEC under glucose treatment,which may be associated with the inactivation of the S6K1 and inhibition of glycolysis.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据

    Fermented calcium butyrate supplementation in post-peak laying hens improved ovarian function and tibia quality through the"gut-bone"axis

    Huaiyong ZhangYongshuai WangYilu WangBin Wei...
    350-362页
    查看更多>>摘要：The compromised egg quality and leg abnormality during the end of the laying cycle(after 40 weeks)have been leading to poor animal welfare and substantial economic losses.Therefore,the effects of fermented calcium(Ca)butyrate,produced by fermentation by Clostridium butyricum,on production,eggshell quality,and tibial property of hens were explored.A total of 192 Hy-line brown laying hens at 50-week-old were assigned to a basal diet or the basal diet with 300 mg/kg of the fermented Ca butyrate from 50 to 58 weeks of age.Each treatment had 6 replicates with 16 hens each.The diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg fermented Ca butyrate notably increased egg weight,ovarian follicle number,and eggshell strength(P=0.072)as compared to the basal diet,which were associated with cytokine secretion,toll-like receptor signaling pathways,and intestinal immunity based on the RNA-seq data from the granulosa.Dietary Ca butyrate inclusion decreased the expression of ileal tumor necrosis factor-alpha and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration,as well as increased the content of serum immunoglobulin A when compared to the basal diet(both P＜0.05).The birds that received fermented Ca butyrate diets exhibited higher villus height(P＜0.05)and upregulated expression of tight junction proteins,whereas it did not alter the composition of cecal microbiota(P＞0.05).In addition,the diet with fermented Ca butyrate reduced the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and the level of C-ter-minal cross-linked telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen,a bone resorption marker(P＜0.05),whereas it tended to increase the concentration of the procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide that reflects bone for-mation marker in serum.Moreover,the layers fed fermented Ca butyrate diets possessed higher(P＜0.05)bone area and trabecular number of the proximal tibia,yield load,and ultimate load than those that consumed basal diets.Collectively,dietary fermented Ca butyrate supplementation in post-peak layer diets improved the ovarian function and tibia quality,which might be related to enhancing in-testinal integrity and consequently decreasing inflammation mediated bone resorption.
      原文链接:
    • NETL
    • NSTL
    • 万方数据