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动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）/Journal Animal NutritionCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
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    Characterization of serum proteomic and inflammatory profiling at early stage of iron deficiency in weaned piglets

    Guang LiuLan LiShuan LiuZhenglin Dong...
    380-389页
    查看更多>>摘要：The objective of this study was to examine the early serum proteomic and inflammatory profiles of weaned piglets subjected to iron deficiency.Twelve healthy piglets(Duroc x Landrace x Large Yorkshire,body weight:4.96±0.05 kg)were weaned at 21 days of age.Subsequently,these animals were randomly allocated to one of two groups,with six replicates in each group(maintaining a male-to-female ratio of 1:1),the control group(administered 100 mg/kg Fe as FeSC4·H2O)and L-Fe group(no additional Fe supplementation).The results showed that 42 days after initiating,compared with control group,routine blood analysis revealed a reduction in serum iron content,red blood cell(RBC)count,hemoglobin(HGB)content,hematocrit(HCT),and mean corpuscular volume(MCV)(P＜0.05).Subsequent sample analysis indicated a noteworthy decrease in iron deposition in the liver,spleen,and kidneys of piglets fed the L-Fe diet compared with control group(P＜0.05).However,final body weight,average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),feed conversion ratio,and tissue coefficients were similar between the two groups(P＞0.05).During the early stages of iron deficiency,piglets exhibited increased villus height(VH)and the ratio of VH to crypt depth(CD)in the duodenum(P＜0.05)and increased expression levels of iron transporters,including duodenal cytochrome(Cybrd),divalent metal transport 1(DMT1),and ferritin light chain(FTL)(P＜0.05).Subsequently,isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)were used to identify serum proteins.Gene Ontology(GO)analysis of the differentially abundant proteins(DAP)revealed that 24 of the 30 DAP were involved in platelet function,immune response,cellular metabolism,transcription,and protein synthesis.Notably,prothrombin,asporin(ASPN),and Rac family small GTPase 3(RAC3)expression was induced,whereas glycoprotein Ⅰb platelet subunit alpha(GPIbA)expression was decreased.This was accompanied by a substantial reduction in serum comple-ment 3(C3)and complement 4(C4)contents(P＜0.05),with elevated the contents of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-6(IL-6),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1),and tumor ne-crosis factor-α(TNF-α)(P＜0.05).Our findings underscore the essential role of dietary iron supple-mentation in maintaining iron homeostasis and modulating inflammatory responses in piglets.
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    Dietary supplementation with succinic acid improves growth performance and flesh quality of adult Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fed a high-carbohydrate diet

    Manxia CaoNingning XieJianmin ZhangMing Jiang...
    390-407页
    查看更多>>摘要：To evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with succinic acid on growth performance,flesh quality,glucose,and lipid metabolism of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fed a high-carbohydrate diet(HCD),five iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were prepared as follows:HCD(control group)consisting of 55％corn starch and HCD supplemented with 0.5％,1.0％,2.0％,and 4.0％succinic acid,respectively.Tilapia with an initial body weight of 204.90±1.23 g randomly assigned to 15 tanks with 3 replicates per group and 10 fish per tank fed for 8 weeks.Increasing dietary succinic acid supplementation resulted in significant second-order polynomial relationship in the weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),feed conversion ratio(FCR),protein efficiency rate(PER),viscerosomatic index,condition factor,and contents of muscular crude lipid and glycogen(P＜0.05).The hepatosomatic index,mesenteric fat index,liver glycogen content and crude lipid contents of the whole-body and liver demonstrated significantly linear and second-order polynomial relationship(P＜0.05).Quadratic curve model analysis based on WGR,SGR,PER,and FCR demonstrated that optimal supplementation with succinic acid in the HCD of Nile tilapia ranged from 1.83％to 2.43％.Fish fed with 1.0％succinic acid had higher muscular hardness,increased the contents of alkali-soluble hydroxyproline in collagen,docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(n-3PUFA)in muscle,and lower total fatty acid content in muscle(P＜0.05)compared with the control group.Compared to the control group,dietary supplementation with 1.0％succinic acid significantly increased the contents of total bounding amino acid(arginine,histidine,isoleucine,lysine,methionine,alanine,proline),total flavor amino acid(free aspartic acid),the catalase(CAT)activity and total antioxidant capacity,and the mRNA relative expression levels of CAT,superoxide dismutase(SOD),and nuclearfactor erythroidderived 2-like 2(Nrf2)in muscle(P＜0.05).Furthermore,succinic acid supplementation significantly up-regulated mRNA relative expression levels of glycolysis genes(hexokinase 2[HK2],phosphofructokinase,muscle-A[PFKMA],and phosphofructokinase,muscle-B[PFKMB]),a key glycogen synthesis gene(glycogen syn-thase[GYS]),and lipid catabolism genes(carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1B[CPT1B],hormone sensitive lipase[HSL],and lipoprotein lipase[LPL]),while down-regulating the mRNA relative expression level of fatty acid synthase(FASN)in muscle(P＜0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation with 1.83％to 2.43％succinic acid improved muscle quality by increasing muscle antioxidant capacity and hardness,changing muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition,and regulating muscle glucose and lipid metabolism.
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    Effects of solid-state fermentation product of yeast supplementation on liver and intestinal health,and resistance of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)against spring viraemia carp virus

    Mengxin WangDongmei XiaLijuan YuQiang Hao...
    408-418页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study aimed to investigate the effects of solid-state fermentation products of yeast(SFPY)on liver and intestinal health and disease resistance of common carp(Cyprinus carpio).A total of 200 common carp with an initial average weight of 2.55±0.004 g were divided into 5 groups(4 replications per group and 10 fish per replication),and were fed with one of five diets,including a control diet and 4 diets supplemented with 2‰(Y2),3‰(Y3),4‰(Y4),or 5‰(Y5)SFPY,respectively,for 8 weeks.Results indicated that,the addition of SFPY to the diet of common carp did not affect the growth performance or survival rate of fish(P=0.253).Interestingly,with the addition of SFPY,the triacylglycerol(TAG)content of the liver presented a linear decreasing tendency(P=0.004),with significantly decreased in Y4 and Y5 groups(P=0.035)compared with control.Serum lipopolysaccharide(LPS)content and diamine oxidase(DAO)activity presented a negative linear relationship with the addition of SFPY(P=0.015,P=0.030),while serum lipopolysaccharide binding protein(LBP)content first decreased and then increased(P＜0.001).The total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)in the intestine of fish increased continuously with increasing SFPY supplementation(P=0.026),reaching the highest level in Y5 group.The villus height in all experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.001).Furthermore,compared to the control,adding 3‰ SFPY to the control diet of common carp significantly increased the relative abundance of Fusobacteria(P=0.018)and decreased that of Proteobacteria(P=0.039)at phylum level,and increased the relative abundance of Cetobacterium(P=0.018)and decreased that of Shewanella(P=0.013)at genus level.Compared with the control,the relative mRNA expression level of spring viraemia of carp virus N protein(SVCV-n)in the kidney was lower than that of the control group without significance and bottomed out in Y4 group(P=0.138).In conclusion,dietary SFPY enhanced the SVCV resistance capacity of common carp by improving liver and intestinal health and modulating the gut microbiota.Thus,SFPY is a potential feed additive to be used in aquaculture to reduce the huge economic loss of common carp due to SVCV disease.Based on liver TAG content and intestinal villus height,the optimal addition level of SFPY was 3.02‰ and 2.72‰,respectively.
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    Plant essential oils combined with organic acids restored lipopolysaccharide-induced leaky intestine via gut microbial modulation in weaned piglets

    Xiaoyu ZhengYibo WangXuemei ZhouTanyi Deng...
    419-432页
    查看更多>>摘要：Intestine derived lipopolysaccharide(LPS)is closely related to systemic inflammation and disorders,yet little is known about its roles in the weanling stress of piglets and its potential as a nutritional inter-vention target.This study aimed to investigate the potential of essential oils(EO)and organic acids(OA)in mitigating weaning stress in piglets by modulating the circulation of intestine derived LPS.Seventy-two weaned piglets at 21 d old with body weight of 8.12±0.168 kg were randomly divided into a control group(CON)and an experimental group,each consisting of six pens with six piglets per pen,and were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 3 kg/t OA+500 g/t EO(EO+OA).On the 14th day of the feeding trial,12 weaned piglets were randomly selected from the CON group,and 6 piglets were selected from the experimental group.Based on diet composition and stress treatment,these 18 piglets were divided into the following three groups:1)CON group.Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of saline as a control.2)LPS group.Piglets were fed a basal diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS(100 μg/kg body weight)to induce stress.3)EO+OA+LPS group.Piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with EO and OA and received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS(100 μg/kg body weight)to induce stress.The results showed that EO+OA significantly ameliorated the oxidative imbalance and inflammation disorder induced by LPS in piglets'serum and intestine by inhibiting the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.Furthermore,compared to the LPS group,supplementation with EO+OA restored LPS-induced reductions in Bcl-2 protein expression in the piglets'intestines(P＜0.05)and mitigated morphological damage;it also enhanced both the protein expression and relative gene expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1(P＜0.05),and reduced the plasma diamine oxidase activity(DAO)and LPS content(P＜0.05).Compared to the CON group,supplementation with EO+OA altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota,increasing beneficial bacteria relative abundance(Faecalibacterium)(P＜0.05)and decreasing harmful bacteria relative abundance[Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group(P＜0.01),Negativibacillus(P＜0.05)].Further analysis revealed that plasma LPS content in piglets was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium(r=-0.662,P=0.021),Akkermansia(r=-0.492,P=0.031),and average daily gain(ADG)(r=-0.912,P=0.041).Plasma LPS content was also positively correlated with the plasma inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1 β(r=0.591,P=0.021),IL-6(r=0.623,P=0.021),IL-12(r=561,P=0.031)contents,and the relative abundance of Negativibacillus(r=0.712,P=0.041).In summary,the addition of EO+OA prevents the leakage of intestine derived LPS into the circulation by improving intestinal integrity and microbiota composition,thereby enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities and growth performance of weaned piglets.
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    Pogostemon cablin essential oil as feed additive promotes the repair of the rumen epithelial barrier in heat-stressed beef cattle

    Huan ChenMingrui YangXianglong ShangHao Chen...
    433-440页
    查看更多>>摘要：Pogostemon cablin essential oil(PEO),extracted from P.cablin,has anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-stress properties,as well as the ability to improve gastrointestinal digestion.This study aims to evaluate the effects of PEO on the performance,rumen epithelial morphology,and barrier function in heat-stressed beef cattle.Thirty-six male Jingjiang cattle at 18 months old were randomly assigned into four groups and fed a diet containing PEO at 0(control),50,100,or 150 mg/kg in the feed concentrate(n=9).All experimental cattle were fed under high temperature and humidity in summer for 60 days.The results indicated that 50 mg/kg of PEO treatment enhanced the average daily gain of beef cattle compared with the control group(P=0.032).All PEO treatments reduced the diamine oxidase activity(P=0.004)and malondialdehyde content(P=0.008)in serum.In addition,the content of 70 kDa heat shock protein in the 100 mg/kg group was increased,and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in both 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg groups were enhanced compared to the control group(P＜0.05).More importantly,PEO treatment with 50 mg/kg enhanced the mRNA relative ex-pressions of occludin in ruminal epithelia but decreased the mRNA relative expressions of c-Jun N-ter-minal kinase,P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases,caspase-3,Beclin1(P＜0.05),and extremely significant declined the mRNA relative expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinases and ubiquitin-binding protein in contrast to the control group(P＜0.01).These findings indicated that dietary PEO supplementation might be favorable to improve growth performance and repairing damaged rumen epithelium of heat-stressed cattle by down-regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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    Effects of biochanin A on lactational performance,nitrogen metabolism,and blood metabolites in dairy cows

    Zhanbo XiongYanjun LiXiaoyin ZhangShiqi Zhang...
    441-449页
    查看更多>>摘要：Optimizing nitrogen utilization efficiency and mitigating nitrogen losses in cows plays a pivotal role in fostering economic sustainability within contemporary agricultural systems.Biochanin A(BCA),a natural component in red clover,has the potential to improve nitrogen metabolism in dairy cows.The primary objective of this study was to probe the impact of biochanin A supplementation on lactational perfor-mance,nitrogen metabolism,and blood metabolites in dairy cows.A complete randomized block design experiment was conducted over 28 d,involving 36 multiparous Holstein cows(comparable milk yield=37.1±2.90 kg,BW=642±70.0 kg,days in milk=92±8.0 d,and parity=2.4±0.50),which were allocated to three treatment groups:the Control group(with 0 g/d BCA),the Low group(with 10 g/d per cow BCA),and the High group(with 40 g/d per cow BCA).Biochanin A supplementation improved the lactational performance of cows by increasing milk yield by 6.3％(P=0.007)and feed efficiency by 12.7％(P=0.009).Total intestinal apparent digestibility was unaffected by BCA supplementation(P＞0.05),but microbial nitrogen was increased by 30.0％(P=0.002)for promoting nitrogen utilization efficiency by 20.7％(P=0.004).Milk competent yields(protein,lactose,and non-fat milk solid)were increased with increasing BCA supplementation(P＜0.05).Urea nitrogen levels in plasma and milk were both decreased by BCA supplementation(P＜0.05).Blood routine parameters and plasma biochemical parameters both received no effect by BCA supplementation(P＞0.05).BCA did not affect body health of dairy cows.Additionally,none of the plasma endocrine hormones were affected(P＞0.05).A total of 95 significantly different metabolites were screened from the plasma metabolites of cows in the BCA-added and non-added groups.After performing an enrichment analysis of the metabolic pathways associated with the different metabolites,six specific pathways were identified:bile acid biosynthesis,aspartate metabolism,pyrimidine metabolism,arginine and proline metabolism,the urea cycle,and ammonia recycling.The inclusion of BCA is suggested to enhance milk yield and modulate nitrogen metabolism by influencing relevant metabolites within the metabolic pathways.
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    Establishing the link between D-mannose and juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella):Improved growth and intestinal structure associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress,mitophagy,and apical junctional complexes

    Chong ZhangLin FengPei WuYang Liu...
    450-463页
    查看更多>>摘要：D-mannose,essential for protein glycosylation,has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects and to maintain intestinal flora homeostasis.In addition to evaluating growth performance,we examined the impact of D-mannose on the structure of epithelial cells and apical junction complexes in the animal intestine.All 1800 grass carp(16.20±0.01 g)were randomly divided into six treatments with six replicates of 50 fish each and fed with six different levels of D-mannose(0.52,1.75,3.02,4.28,5.50 and 6.78 g/kg diet)for 70 d.The study revealed that D-mannose increased feed intake(P＜0.001)but did not affect the percent weight gain(PWG),special growth rate,and feed conversion ratio(P＞0.05).D-mannose supplementation at 1.75 g/kg increased crude protein content in fish and lipid production value(P＜0.05).D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 g/kg increased intestinal length,intestinal weight and fold height of grass carp compared to the control group(P＜0.05).This improvement may be attributed to the phosphomannose isomerase(PMI)-mediated enhancement of glycolysis.This study found that D-mannose supplementation at 4.28 or 3.02 g/kg reduced serum diamine oxidase activity or D-lactate content(P＜0.05)and improved cellular and intercellular structures for the first time.The improvement of cellular redox homeostasis involves alleviating endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress through the inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1),RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase(PERK),and activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)signaling pathways.The alleviation of ER stress may be linked to the phosphomannomutase(PMM)-mediated enhancement of protein glycosylation.In addition,ubiquitin-dependent[PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin]and ubiquitin-independent[BCL2-interacting protein 3-like(BNIP3L),BCL2-interacting protein 3(BNIP3),and FUN14 domain containing 1(FUNDC1)]mitophagy may play a role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis.The enhancement of intercellular structures includes enhancing tight junction and adherent junction structures,which may be closely associated with the small Rho GTPase protein(RhoA)/the Rho-associated protein kinase(ROCK)signaling pathway.In conclusion,D-mannose improved intestinal cellular redox homeostasis associated with ER stress and mitophagy pathways,and enhanced intercellular structures related to tight junctions and adherent junctions.Furthermore,quadratic regression analysis of the PWG and intestinal reactive oxygen species content indicated that the optimal addition level of D-mannose for juvenile grass carp was 4.61 and 4.59 g/kg,respectively.
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