查看更多>>摘要：Monocyte-to-M0/M1 macrophage differentiation with unclear molecular mechanisms is a pivotal cellular event in many cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis.Long non-coding RNAs(IncRNAs)are a group of protein expression regulators;however,the roles of monocyte-IncRNAs in macrophage differentiation and its related vascular diseases are still unclear.The study aims to investigate whether the novel leukocyte-specific IncRNA Morrbid could regulate macrophage differentiation and atherogenesis.We identified that Morrbid was increased in monocytes and arterial walls from atherosclerotic mouse and from patients with atherosclerosis.In cultured monocytes,Morrbid expression was markedly increased during monocyte to M0 macrophage differentiation with an additional increase during M0 macrophage-to-M1 macrophage differentiation.The differentiation stimuli-induced monocyte-macrophage differentiation and the macrophage activity were inhibited by Morrbid knockdown.Moreover,overexpression of Morrbid alone was sufficient to elicit the monocyte-macrophage differentiation.The role of Morrbid in monocyte-macrophage differentiation was also identified in vivo in atherosclerotic mice and was verified in Morrbid knockout mice.We identified that P13-kinase/Akt was involved in the up-regulation of Morrbid expression,whereas s100a10 was involved in Morrbid-mediated effect on macrophage differentiation.To provide a proof of concept of Morrbid in pathogenesis of monocyte/macrophage-related vascular disease,we applied an acute atherosclerosis model in mice.The results revealed that overexpression of Morrbid enhanced but monocyte/macrophage-specific Morrbid knockout inhibited the monocytes/macrophages recruitment and atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice.The results suggest that Morrbid is a novel biomarker and a modulator of monocyte-macrophage phenotypes,which is involved in atherogenesis.
查看更多>>摘要：Heterogeneous nucleation plays a critical role in the phase transition of water,which can cause damage in various systems.Here,we report that heterogeneous nucleation can be inhibited by utilizing hydrogel coatings to isolate solid surfaces and water.Hydrogels,which contain over 90％water when fully swelled,exhibit a high degree of similarity to water.Due to this similarity,there is a great energy barrier for heterogeneous nucleation along the water-hydrogel interface.Additionally,hydrogel coatings,which possess polymer networks,exhibit higher fracture energy and more robust adhesion to solid surfaces compared to water.This high fracture and adhesion energy acts as a deterrent for fracture nucleation within the hydrogel or along the hydrogel-solid interface.With a hydrogel layer approximately 100 μm thick,the boiling temperature of water under atmospheric pressure can be raised from 100 to 108 ℃.Notably,hydrogel coatings also result in remarkable reductions in cavitation pressure on multiple solid surfaces.We have demonstrated the efficacy of hydrogel coatings in preventing damages resulting from acceleration-induced cavitation.Hydrogel coatings have the potential to alter the energy landscape of heterogeneous nucleation on the water-solid interface,making them an exciting avenue for innovation in heat transfer and fluidic systems.
查看更多>>摘要：The oxygen octahedral rotation(OOR)forms fundamental atomic distortions and symmetries in perovskite oxides and definitely determines their properties and functionalities.Therefore,epitaxial strain and interfacial structural coupling engineering have been developed to modulate the OOR patterns and explore novel properties,but it is difficult to distinguish the 2 mechanisms.Here,different symmetries are induced in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3(NBT)epitaxial films by interfacial oxygen octahedral coupling rather than epitaxial strain.The NBT film grown on the Nb:SrTiO3 substrate exhibits a paraelectric tetragonal phase,while with La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 as a buffer layer,a monoclinic phase and robust ferroelectricity are obtained,with a remanent polarization of 42 μC cm-2 and a breakdown strength of 7.89 MV cm-1,which are the highest record among NBT-based films.Moreover,the interfacial oxygen octahedral coupling effect is demonstrated to propagate to the entire thickness of the film,suggesting an intriguing long-range effect.This work provides a deep insight into understanding the structure modulation in perovskite heterostructures and an important avenue for achieving unique functionalities.
查看更多>>摘要：With the progress of theoretical and applied technologies,the communication system based on the classical encryption is seriously threatened by quantum computing and distributed computing.A communication method that directly loads confidential information on the quantum state,quantum secure direct communication(QSDC),came into being for resisting security threats.Here,we report the first continuous-variable QSDC(CV-QSDC)experimental demonstration for verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the CV-QSDC protocol based on Gaussian mapping and propose a parameter estimation for signal classification under the actual channels.In our experiment,we provided 4 ×102 blocks,where each block contains 105 data for direct information transmission.For the transmission distance of 5 km in our experiment,the excess noise is 0.0035 SNU,where SNU represents the unit of shot-noise units.The 4.08×105 bit per second experimental results firmly demonstrated the feasibility of CV-QSDC under the fiber channel.The proposed grading judgment method based on parameter estimation provides a practical and available message processing scheme for CV-QSDC in a practical fiber channel and lays the groundwork for the grading reconciliation.
查看更多>>摘要：Recent advancements in two-dimensional materials have shown huge potential for optoelectronic applications.It is challenging to achieve highly effective and sensitive broadband photodetection based on MoS2 devices.Defect engineering,such as introducing vacancies,can narrow the bandgap and boost the separation of photogenerated carriers by defect states but leads to a slow response speed.Herein,we propose a nickel nanoparticle-induced gateless photogating effect with a unique energy band structure to enable the application of defect engineering and achieve high optoelectronic performance.The device based on Ni nanoparticle-decorated MoS2 with S vacancies exhibited high responsivities of 106.21 and 1.38 A W-1 and detectivities of 1.9 × 1012 and 8.9 × 109 Jones under 532 and 980 nm illumination(visible to near infrared),respectively,with highly accelerated response speed.This strategy provides new insight into optimizing defect engineering to design high-performance optoelectronic devices capable of broadband photodetection.
查看更多>>摘要：Wide-bandgap(WBG)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are essential for highly efficient and stable silicon/perovskite tandem solar cells.In this study,we adopted a synthetic strategy with lead thiocyanate(Pb(SCN)2)additive and methylammonium chloride(MACI)posttreatment to enhance the crystallinity and improve the interface of WBG perovskite films with a bandgap of 1.68 eV.The excessive Pbl2 was formed at grain boundaries and converted into MAPbl3-xClx perovskites,which are utilized to form the graded heterojunction(GHJ)and compressive strain.This is beneficial for passivating nonradiative recombination defects,suppressing halide phase segregation,and facilitating carrier extraction.Subsequently,the device with GHJ delivered a champion efficiency of 20.30％and superior stability in ambient air and under 85 ℃.Finally,we achieved a recorded efficiency of 30.91％for 4-terminal WBG perovskite/TOPCon tandem silicon solar cells.Our findings demonstrate a promising approach for fabricating efficient and stable WBG PSCs through the formation of GHJ.
查看更多>>摘要：Measuring the characteristics of seawater constituent is in great demand for studies of marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry.However,existing techniques based on remote sensing or insitu samplings present various tradeoffs with regard to the diversity,synchronism,temporal-spatial resolution,and depth-resolved capacity of their data products.Here,we demonstrate a novel oceanic triple-field-of-view(FOV)high-spectral-resolution lidar(HSRL)with an iterative retrieval approach.This technique provides,for the first time,comprehensive,continuous,and vertical measurements of seawater absorption coefficient,scattering coefficient,and slope of particle size distribution,which are validated by simulations and field experiments.Furthermore,it depicts valuable application potentials in the accuracy improvement of seawater classification and the continuous estimation of depth-resolved particulate organic carbon export.The triple-FOV HSRL with high performance could greatly increase the knowledge of seawater constituents and promote the understanding of marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry.
查看更多>>摘要：High-performance photodetectors hold promising potential in optical communication and imaging systems.However,conventional counterparts are suffering narrow detection range,high power consumption,and poor polarization sensitivity.Characteristics originating from switchable polarization in ferroelectrics can be used to optimize the photo-to-electric procedure and improve the photodetection performance.In this regard,we constructed a configuration by integrating 2-dimensional molybdenum disulfide(MoS2)with ferroelectric lithium niobate(LiNbO3),resulting in the MoS2/LiNbO3 heterostructured photodetector.Benefiting from the pyroelectric effect of LiNbO3,the limitation of bandgap on the detection range can be broken,thus broadening the response band of the detector to 365 to 1,064 nm,as well as enabling the self-powered characteristic.Meanwhile,high carrier mobility and decent light absorbance of MoS2 introduce robust light-matter interactions with the underlying Li N bO3,leading to ultrafast r ise/fa ll times of≈150 μs/250 μs and switching ratios of up to ≈190.Moreover,the highest responsivity,specific detectivity,and external quantum efficiency achieved were 17.3 A-W-1,4.3 × 1011 Jones,and 4,645.78％,respectively.Furthermore,because of the anisotropy of the spontaneous-polarized LiNbO3 substrate,the photocurrent of the device achieved a dichroic ratio of 7.42,comparing favorably to most MoS2-based photodetectors.This work demonstrates the integration potential between ferroelectric LiNbO3 and 2-dimensional materials for high-performance photodetection.
查看更多>>摘要：Familial hypercholesterolemia(FH)is a frequently occurring genetic disorder that is linked to early-onset cardiovascular disease.If left untreated,patients with this condition can develop severe cardiovascular complications.Unfortunately,many patients remain undiagnosed,and even when diagnosed,the treatment is often not optimal.Although mutations in the LDLR gene are the primary cause of FH,predicting whether novel variants are pathogenic is not a straightforward task.Understanding the functionality of LDLR variants is crucial in uncovering the genetic basis of FH.Our study utilized CRISPR/Cas9 cytosine base editors in pooled screens to establish a novel approach for functionally assessing tens of thousands of LDLR variants on a large scale.A total of more than 100 single guide RNAs(sgRNAs)targeting LDLR pathogenic mutations were successfully screened with relatively high accuracy.Out of these,5 sgRNAs were further subjected to functional verification studies,including 1 in the promoter,1 in the antisense RNA,1 in the exon,and 2 in the intron.Except for the variant caused by the sgRNA located at intron 16,the functionalities of the other LDLR variants were all downregulated.The high similarity of LDLR intron sequences may lead to some false positives.Overall,these results confirm the reliability of the large-scale screening strategy for functional analysis of LDLR variants,and the screened candidate pathogenic mutations could be used as an auxiliary means of clinical gene detection to prevent FH-induced heart disease.
查看更多>>摘要：Semiconducting polymers(SPs)have shown great feasibility as candidates for near-infrared-ll(NIR-Ⅱ)fluorescence imaging-navigated photothermal therapy due to their strong light-harvesting ability and flexible tunability.However,the fluorescence signal of traditional SPs tends to quench in their aggregate states owing to the strong π-π stacking,which can lead to the radiative decay pathway shutting down.To address this issue,aggregation-induced emission effect has been used as a rational tactic to boost the aggregate-state fluorescence of NIR-Ⅱ emitters.In this contribution,we developed a precise molecular engineering tactic based on the block copolymerizations that integrate planar and twisted segments into one conjugated polymer backbone,providing great flexibility in tuning the photophysical properties and photothermal conversion capacity of SPs.Two monomers featured with twisted and planar architectures,respectively,were tactfully incorporated via a ternary copolymerization approach to produce a series of new SPs.The optimal copolymer(SP2)synchronously shows desirable absorption ability and good NIR-Ⅱ quantum yield on the premise of maintaining typical aggregation-induced emission characteristics,resulting in balanced NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence brightness and photothermal property.Water-dispersible nanoparticles fabricated from the optimal SP2 show efficient photothermal therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo.The in vivo investigation reveals the distinguished NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging performance of SP2 nanoparticles and their photothermal ablation toward tumor with prominent tumor accumulation ability and excellent biocompatibility.
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