查看更多>>摘要：RNA N6-methyladenosine(m6A),as the most abundant modification of messenger RNA,can modulate insect behaviors,but its specific roles in aggregation behaviors remain unexplored.Here,we conducted a comprehensive molecular and physiological characterization of the individual components of the methyltransferase and demethylase in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria.Our results demonstrated that METTL3,METTL14 and ALKBH5 were dominantly expressed in the brain and exhibited remarkable responses to crowding or isolation.The individual knockdown of methyltransferases(i.e.,METTL3 and METTL14)promoted locust movement and conspecific attraction,whereas ALKBH5 knockdown induced a behavioral shift toward the solitary phase.Furthermore,global transcriptome profiles revealed that m6A modification could regulate the orchestration of gene expression to fine tune the behavioral aggregation of locusts.In summary,our in vivo characterization of the m6A functions in migratory locusts clearly demonstrated the crucial roles of the m6A pathway in effectively modulating aggregation behaviors.
查看更多>>摘要：Insects play important roles in the maintenance of ecosystem functioning and the provision of livelihoods for millions of people.However,compared with terrestrial vertebrates and angiosperms,such as the giant panda,crested ibis,and the metasequoia,insect conservation has not attracted enough attention,and a basic understanding of the geographical biodiversity patterns for major components of insects in China is lacking.Herein,we investigated the geographical distribution of insect biodiversity across multiple dimensions(taxonomic,genetic,and phylogenetic diversity)based on the spatial distribution and molecular DNA sequencing data of insects.Our analysis included 18 orders,360 families,5,275 genera,and 14,115 species of insects,The results revealed that Southwestern and Southeastern China harbored higher insect biodiversity and numerous older lineages,representing a museum,whereas regions located in Northwestern China harbored lower insect biodiversity and younger lineages,serving as an evolutionary cradle.We also observed that mean annual temperature and pre-cipitation had significantly positive effects,whereas altitude had significantly negative effects on insect biodiversity in most cases.Moreover,cultivated vegetation harbored the highest insect taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity,and needleleaf and broadleaf mixed forests har-bored the highest insect genetic diversity.These results indicated that human activities may positively contribute to insect spatial diversity on a regional scale.Our study fills a knowledge gap in insect spatial diversity in China.These findings could help guide national-level conservation plans and the post-2020 biodiversity conservation framework.
查看更多>>摘要：Durian(Durio zibethinus)is a tropical fruit that has a unique flavor and aroma.It occupies a significant phylogenetic position within the Malvaceae family,Extant core-eudicot plants are reported to share seven ancestral karyotypes that have undergone reshuffling,resulting in an abundant genomic diversity.However,the ancestral karyotypes of the Malvaceae family,as well as the evolution trajectory leading to the 28 chromosomes in durian,remain poorly understood.Here,we report the high-quality assembly of the durian genome with comprehensive comparative genomic analyses.By analyzing the collinear blocks between cacao and durian,we inferred 11 Malvaceae ancestral karyotypes.These blocks were present in a single-copy form in cacao and mainly in triplicates in durian,possibly resulting from a recent whole genome triplication(WGT)event that led to hexaploidization of the durian genome around 20(17-24)million years ago.A large proportion of the duplicated genes in durian,such as those involved in the lignin biosynthesis module for phenylpropane biosynthesis,are derived directly from whole genome duplication,which makes it an important force in reshaping its genomic architecture.Transcriptome studies have revealed that genes involved in feruloyl-CoA formations were highly preferentially expressed in fruit peels,indicating that the thorns produced on durian fruit may comprise guaiacyl and syringyl lignins.Among all the analyzed transcription factors(TFs),members of the heat shock factor family(HSF)were the most significantly upregulated under heat stress.All subfamilies of genes encoding heat shock proteins(HSPs)in the durian genome appear to have undergone expansion.The potential interactions between HSF Dzi05.397 and HSPs were examined and experimentally verified.Our study provides a high-quality durian genome and reveals the reshuffling mechanism of ancestral Malvaceae chromosomes to produce the durian genome.We also provide insights into the mechanism underlying lignin bio-synthesis and heat stress tolerance.
查看更多>>摘要：Lariat RNA is concomitantly produced by excised intron during RNA splicing,which is usually debranched by DBR1,an RNA debranching enzyme.However,increasing evidence showed that some lariat RNA could escape debranching.Little is known about how and why these lariat RNAs could be retained.By comparing the atlas of lariat RNAs between the non-dividing cell(mature pollen)and three actively dividing tissues(young shoot apex,young seeds,and young roots),we identified hundreds to thousands of lariat RNA naturally retained in each tissue,and the incidence of lariat RNA retention is much less in shoot apex while much more in pollen.Many lariat RNAs derived from the same intron or different lariat RNAs from the same pre-mRNA could be retained in one tissuewhile degraded in the other tissues.By deciphering lariat RNA sequences,we identified an AG-rich(RAAAAVAAAR)motif and a UC-rich(UCUCUYUCUC)motif for pollen-specific and the other three tissues-retained lariat RNAs,respectively.Reconstitution of the pollen-specific AG-rich motif indeed enhanced lariat RNA retention in plants.Biologically,hundreds of lariat RNAs harbored miRNA binding sites,and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that these natural lariat RNAs had the potential to protect expression of miRNA target genes.Collectively,our results uncover that selective retention of lariat RNA is an actively regulatory process,and provide new insights into understanding how lariat RNA metabolism may impact miRNA activity.
查看更多>>摘要：Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)poses a critical threat to global health and development,with environmental factors—particularly in urban areas—contributing significantly to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs).However,most research to date has been conducted at a local level,leaving significant gaps in our understanding of the global status of antibiotic resistance in urban environments.To address this issue,we thoroughly analyzed a total of 86,213 ARGs detected within 4,728 metagenome samples,which were collected by the MetaSUB International Consortium involving diverse urban environments in 60 cities of 27 countries,utilizing a deep-learning based methodology.Our findings demonstrated the strong geographical specificity of urban environmental resistome,and their correlation with various local socioeconomic and medical conditions.We also identified distinctive evolutionary patterns of ARG-related biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)across different countries,and discovered that the urban environment represents a rich source of novel antibiotics.Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the global urban environmental resistome,and fills a significant gap in our knowledge of large-scale urban antibiotic resistome analysis.
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