查看更多>>摘要：Use of nanomaterials (NMs) to improve plant abiotic stress tolerance (AST) is a hot topic in NM-enabled agriculture. Previous studies mainly focused on the physiological and biochemical responses of plants treated with NMs under abiotic stress. To use NMs for improving plant AST,it is necessary to understand how they act on this tolerance at the omics and epigenetics levels. In this review,we summarized the knowledge of NM-improved abiotic stress tolerance in relation to omics (such as metabolic,transcrip-tomic,proteomic,and microRNA),DNA methylation,and histone modifications. Overall,NMs can improve plant abiotic stress tolerance through the modulation at omics and epigenetics levels.
查看更多>>摘要：Plants are exposed to adverse environmental conditions,including cold,drought,heat,salinity,and heavy metals,which negatively impact plant growth and productivity of edible crops worldwide. Although the previous literature summarized the nanoparticle's involvement in abiotic stress mitigation,the interac-tion of nanoparticles with other stress mitigators to overcome abiotic stress from plants remains unclear. Currently,nanotechnology is considered a growing new field in agriculture for understanding plants' adapted stress tolerance mechanisms. Recent research has shown that nanoparticles can effectively mit-igate abiotic stress by interacting synergistically with plant growth regulators. To address this,we com-prehensively demonstrated the combined positive potential of nanoparticles in combination with plant growth regulators (signaling molecules,phytohormones,nanoparticles-nanoparticles interaction,fungi,plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and other metal salts) to improve plant growth and mitigate abi-otic stresses. Their co-applications augment the plant's growth,nutrient uptake,antioxidant defense sys-tem,water absorption,cell viability,water use efficiency,and photosynthetic and biochemical attributes by reducing oxidative stressors under various abiotic stresses in different plant species. This review pro-vides a comprehensive overview of the combined applications of nanoparticles and plant growth regula-tors,a novel strategy to reduce the harmful effects of abiotic stress on plants. It identifies research gaps and recommends future studies to overcome their phytotoxicity worldwide.
查看更多>>摘要：The growing global population presents a significant challenge to ensuring food security,further com-pounded by the increasing threat of salinity to agricultural productivity. Wheat,a major staple food pro-viding 20％ of the total caloric intake for humans,is susceptible to salinity stress. Developing new salt-tolerant wheat cultivars using wheat breeding techniques and genetic modifications is crucial to address-ing this issue while ensuring the sustainability and efficiency of wheat production systems within the prevailing climate trend. This review overviews the current landscape in this field and explores key mechanisms and associated genetic traits that warrant attention within breeding programs. We contend that traditional approaches to breeding wheat for Na+exclusion have limited applicability across varying soil salinity levels,rendering them inefficient. Moreover,we question current phenotyping approaches,advocating for a shift from whole-plant assessments to cell-based phenotyping platforms. Finally,we propose a broader use of wild wheat relatives and various breeding strategies to tap into their germplasm pool for inclusion in wheat breeding programs.
查看更多>>摘要：Salinity stress is a major environmental stress affecting crop productivity,and its negative impact on glo-bal food security is only going to increase,due to current climate trends. Salinity tolerance was present in wild crop relatives but significantly weakened during domestication. Regaining it back requires a good understanding of molecular mechanisms and traits involved in control of plant ionic and ROS homeosta-sis. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of major plant hormones (auxin,cytoki-nins,abscisic acid,salicylic acid,and jasmonate) in plants adaptation to soil salinity. We firstly discuss the role of hormones in controlling root tropisms,root growth and architecture (primary root elongation,meristematic activity,lateral root development,and root hairs formation). Hormone-mediated control of uptake and sequestration of key inorganic ions (sodium,potassium,and calcium) is then discussed fol-lowed by regulation of cell redox balance and ROS signaling in salt-stressed roots. Finally,the role of epi-genetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in control of plant ion and ROS homeostasis and signaling is discussed. This data may help develop novel strategies for breeding and cul-tivating salt-tolerant crops and improving agricultural productivity in saline regions.
查看更多>>摘要：Plant calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) mediate Ca2+signaling in response to abi-otic stresses. Manipulation of this signaling in crops could increase stress tolerance. We review methods for detecting Ca2+signals,regulatory roles of CaMs and CMLs,binding targets,and Ca2+networks under abiotic stress in organelles.
Mohammad Nauman KhanChengcheng FuXiaohui LiuYanhui Li...
1333-1343页
查看更多>>摘要：Soil salinity is a big environmental issue affecting crop production. Although seed nanopriming has been widely used to improve seed germination and seedling growth under salinity,our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms is still insufficient. Herein,we newly synthesized selenium-doped carbon dots nanoparticles coated with poly acrylic acid (poly acrylic acid coated selenium doped carbon dots,PAA@Se-CDs) and used it to prime seeds of rapeseeds. The TEM (transmission electron microscope) size and zeta potential of PAA@Se-CDs are 3.8±0.2 nm and-30 mV,respectively. After 8 h priming,the PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles were detected in the seed compartments (seed coat,cotyledon,and radicle),while no such signals were detected in the NNP (no nanoparticle control) group (SeO2 was used as the NNP). Nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs nanoparticles increased rapeseeds germination (20％) and seedling fresh weight (161％) under saline conditions compared to NNP control. PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming signif-icantly enhanced endo-β-mannanase activities (255％increase,21.55μmol h-1 g-1 vs. 6.06μmol h-1 g-1,at DAS 1 (DAS,days after sowing)),total soluble sugar (33.63 mg g-1 FW (fresh weight) vs. 20.23 mg g-1 FW) and protein contents (1.96μg g-1 FW vs. 1.0μg g-1 FW) to support the growth of germinating seed-lings of rapeseeds under salt stress,in comparison with NNP control. The respiration rate and ATP content were increased by 76％ and 607％,respectively. The oxidative damage of salinity due to the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was alleviated by PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD (superoxide dismutase),POD (peroxidase),and CAT (catalase)). Another mechanism behind PAA@Se-CDs nanopriming improving rapeseeds salt tolerance at seedling stage was reducing sodium (Na+) accumulation and improving potassium (K+) retention,hence increasing the K+/Na+ratio under saline conditions. Overall,our results not only showed that seed nanopriming with PAA@Se-CDs could be a good approach to improve salt tolerance,but also add more knowledge to the mechanism behind nanopriming-improved plant salt tolerance at germination and early seedling growth stage.
查看更多>>摘要：Salt stress severely affects plant growth and yield. The transcription factor NAC plays a variety of impor-tant roles in plant abiotic stress,but we know relatively little about the specific molecular mechanisms of NAC in antioxidant defense. Here,our genetic studies reveal the positive regulation of salt tolerance in maize by the transcription factor ZmNAC84. Under salt stress,overexpression of ZmNAC84 in maize increased the expression of ZmCAT1,enhanced CAT activity,and consequently reduced H2O2 accumula-tion,thereby improving salt stress tolerance in maize. Whereas RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ZmNAC84 produced the opposite effect. Subsequently,we found that ZmNAC84 directly binds to and regulates the expression of the ZmCAT1 promoter,and the hybridized material also demonstrated that ZmCAT1 is a downstream target gene of ZmNAC84. In addition,phenotypic and biochemical analyses indi-cated that ZmCAT1 positively regulated salt tolerance by regulating H2O2 accumulation under salt stress. Taken together,these results reveal the function of ZmNAC84 in regulating ZmCAT1-mediated antioxi-dant defense in response to salt stress in plants.
查看更多>>摘要：Soil salinity is a worldwide issue and a major threat to global food security. Salinity tolerance is a complex mechanism that is conferred by numerous molecular,physiological,and biochemical traits. Of critical importance are plant's ability to regulate redox balance without compromising reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling and maintain cytosolic ion homeostasis. In this study,the mechanistic basis of K+reten-tion ability in leaf mesophyll (an important but highly sensitive plant tissue) was compared between halophytic quinoa and glycophytic spinach. Phenotypic data showed quinoa outperformed spinach under 100 to 500 mmol L-1 NaCl salinity. The major difference behind this differential salinity sensitivity was a differential K+uptake in leaf mesophyll. Electrophysiological and molecular experiments revealed that a superior ability of mesophyll K+retention in quinoa was conferred by three complementary mechanisms:(ⅰ) an intrinsically lower H+-ATPase activity in quinoa (potentially as an energy saving strategy);(ⅱ) reduced sensitivity of K+transporters to ROS;and (ⅲ) increased sensitivity of ROS-inducible Ca2+-permeable channels. Moreover,the sensitivity of K+-transport systems to ROS was further examined in NaCl-acclimated quinoa and spinach plants. The key factors differentiating between K+retention in accli-mated leaf mesophyll was associated with the reduced sensitivity and gene expression of K+-permeable outward rectifying channel (GORK),Arabidopsis potassium transporter 1 (AKT1),and high affinity potas-sium transporter 5 (HAK5) to additional NaCl and ROS stress,along with the upregulation of ROS scaveng-ing system. Taken together,our results showed that the tissue-specific and ROS-specific regulation of K+retention are important for conferring salinity tolerant at least in the halophyte quinoa.
查看更多>>摘要：Shanlan upland rice is an important landrace resource with high drought stress (DS) tolerance. Despite its importance,genes responsible for yield in Shanlan upland rice have yet to be discovered. Our previous study identified a drought-responsive zinc finger protein,ZOS7,as highly expressed in Shanlandao upland rice. However,the function of this gene in controlling drought tolerance remains largely unex-plored. In this study,we found that overexpressing ZOS7,a drought-responsive zinc finger protein,in rice increased biomass and yield under drought stress. Co-overexpressing ZOS7 and MYB60,encoding a pro-tein with which ZOS7 interacted,intensified the yield increase. ZOS7 and MYB60 appear to form a module that confers drought tolerance by regulating stomatal density and wax biosynthesis. The ZOS7-MYB60 module could be used in molecular breeding for drought tolerance in rice.
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