查看更多>>摘要：Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation is a versatile tool for plant genetic engineering following its discovery nearly half a century ago.Numerous modifications were made in its application to increase efficiency,especially in the recalcitrant major cereals plants.Recent breakthroughs in transfor-mation efficiency continue its role as a mainstream technique in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and gene stacking.These modifications led to higher transformation frequency and lower but more stable transgene copies with the capability to revolutionize modern agriculture.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the history of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and focus on the most recent progress to improve the system in both the Agrobacterium and the host recipient.A promising future for transformation in biotechnology and agriculture is predicted.
查看更多>>摘要：Drought poses a significant challenge,restricting the productivity of medicinal and aromatic plants.The strain induced by drought can impede vital processes like respiration and photosynthesis,affecting var-ious aspects of plants'growth and metabolism.In response to this adversity,medicinal plants employ mechanisms such as morphological and structural adjustments,modulation of drought-resistant genes,and augmented synthesis of secondary metabolites and osmotic regulatory substances to alleviate the stress.Extreme water scarcity can lead to leaf wilting and may ultimately result in plant death.The cul-tivation and management of medicinal plants under stress conditions often differ from those of other crops.This is because the main goal with medicinal plants is not only to increase the yield of the above-ground parts but also to enhance the production of active ingredients such as essential oils.To elu-cidate these mechanisms of drought resistance in medicinal and aromatic plants,the current review pro-vides a summary of recent literature encompassing studies on the morphology,physiology,and biochemistry of medicinal and aromatic plants under drought conditions.
Milton Garcia CostaRenato de Mello PradoLuiz Fabiano PalarettiJonas Pereira de Souza Júnior...
340-353页
查看更多>>摘要：In crop plants,various environmental stresses affect the balance of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus(C∶N∶P),leading to biochemical and physiological alterations and reductions in yield.Silicon(Si)is a ben-eficial element that alleviates plant stress.Most studies involving silicon have focused on physiological responses,such as improvements in photosynthetic processes,water use efficiency,and antioxidant defense systems.But recent research suggests that stressed plants facing either limited or excessive resources(water,light,nutrients,and toxic elements),strategically employ Si to maintain C∶N∶P home-ostasis,thereby minimizing biomass losses.Understanding the role of Si in mitigating the impact of abi-otic stresses on plants by regulating C∶N∶P homeostasis holds great potential for advancing sustainable agricultural practices in crop production.This review presents recent advances in characterizing the influence of environmental stresses on C∶N∶P homeostasis,as well as the role of Si in preserving C∶N∶P equilibrium and attenuating biological damage associated with abiotic stress.It underscores the benefi-cial effects of Si in sustaining C∶N∶P homeostasis and increasing yield via improved nutritional efficiency and stress mitigation.
查看更多>>摘要：Panicle architecture is an agronomic determinant of crop yield and a target for cereal crop improvement.To investigate its molecular mechanisms in rice,we performed map-based cloning and characterization of OPEN PANICLE 1(OP1),a gain-of-function allele of LIGULELESS 1(LG1),controlling the spread-panicle phenotype.This allele results from a 48-bp deletion in the LG1 upstream region and promotes pulvinus development at the base of the primary branch.Increased OP1 expression and altered panicle phenotype in chimeric transgenic plants and upstream-region knockout mutants indicated that the deletion regu-lates spread-panicle architecture in the mutant spread panicle 1(sp1).Knocking out BRASSINOSTEROID UPREGULATED1(BU1)gene in the background of OP1 complementary plants resulted in compact panicles,suggesting OP1 may regulate inflorescence architecture via the brassinosteroid signaling pathway.We regard that manipulating the upstream regulatory region of OP1 or genes involved in BR signal pathway could be an efficient way to improve rice inflorescence architecture.
查看更多>>摘要：Subclass Ⅲ sucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2s(SnRK2s)function in ABA and abiotic stress responses by unknown mechanisms.We found that osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 10(SAPK10),a member of rice SnRK2s,physically interacted with CBL-interacting protein kinase 1(OsCIPK1).OsCIPK1 expression was up-regulated by ABA and PEG treatment,and overexpression increased the ABA sensitivity of seed germination and root growth and plant osmotic stress tolerance.Osmotic stress or ABA-induced activation of OsCIPK1 is dependent on SAPK10.SAPK10 phosphorylates Thr-24 of OsCIPK1 in vitro,and this phosphorylation increases the activity of OsCIPK1 and positively reg-ulates the function of OsCIPK1 in ABA responses and plant osmotic stress tolerance.This study suggests that OsCIPK1 is a direct phosphorylated substrate of SAPK10,and SAPK10-mediated phosphorylation of OsCIPK1 functions in ABA signaling and increases rice osmotic stress tolerance.
查看更多>>摘要：Low temperature causes rice yield losses of up to 30％-40％,therefore increasing its cold tolerance is a breeding target.Few genes in rice are reported to confer cold tolerance at both the vegetative and repro-ductive stages.This study revealed a rice-specific 24-nt miRNA,miR1868,whose accumulation was sup-pressed by cold stress.Knockdown of MIR1868 increased seedling survival,pollen fertility,seed setting,and grain yield under cold stress,whereas its overexpression conferred the opposite phenotype.Knockdown of MIR1868 increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging and soluble sugar content under cold stress by increasing the expression of peroxidase genes and sugar metabolism genes,and its overexpression produced the opposite effect.Thus,MIR1868 negatively regulated rice cold tolerance via ROS scavenging and sugar accumulation.
查看更多>>摘要：SNF1-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2)family members are essential components of the plant abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway initiated by osmotic stress and triggering a drought stress response.This study characterized the molecular properties of TaSnRK2.4 and its function in mediating adaptation to drought in Triticum aestivum.Transcripts of TaSnRK2.4 were upregulated upon drought and ABA signaling and associated with drought-and ABA-responsive cis-elements ABRE and DRE,and MYB and MYC binding sites in the promoter as indicated by reporter GUS protein staining and activity driven by truncations of the promoter.Yeast two-hybrid,BiFC,and Co-IP assays indicated that TaSnRK2.4 protein interacts with TaPP2C01 and an ABF transcription factor(TF)TaABF2.The results suggested that TaSnRK2.4 forms a functional TaPP2C01-TaSnRK2.4-TaABF2 module with its upstream and downstream partners.Transgene analysis revealed that TaSnRK2.4 and TaABF2 positively regulate drought tolerance whereas TaPP2C01 acts negatively by modulating stomatal movement,osmotic adjustment,reactive oxygen spe-cies(ROS)homeostasis,and root morphology.Expression analysis,yeast one-hybrid,and transcriptional activation assays indicated that several osmotic stress-responsive genes,including TaSLAC1-4,TaP5CS3,TaSOD5,TaCAT1,and TaPIN4,are regulated by TaABF2.Transgene analysis verified their functions in pos-itively regulating stomatal movement(TaSLAC1-4),proline accumulation(TaP5CS3),SOD activity(TaSOD5),CAT activity(TaCAT1),and root morphology(TaPIN4).There were high correlations between plant biomass and yield with module transcripts in a wheat variety panel cultivated under drought con-ditions in the field.Our findings provide insights into understanding plant drought response underlying the SnRK2 signaling pathway in common wheat.
查看更多>>摘要：Triosephosphate isomerase(TPI)is an enzyme that functions in plant energy production,accumulation,and conversion.To understand its function in maize,we characterized a maize TPI mutant,zmtpi4.In comparison to the wild type,zmtpi4 mutants showed altered ear development,reduced kernel weight and starch content,modified starch granule morphology,and altered amylose and amylopectin content.Protein,ATP,and pyruvate contents were reduced,indicating ZmTPI4 was involved in glycolysis.Although subcellular localization confirmed ZmTPI4 as a cytosolic rather than a plastid isoform of TPI,the zmtpi4 mutant showed reduced leaf size and chlorophyll content.Overexpression of ZmTPI4 in Arabidopsis led to enlarged leaves and increased seed weight,suggesting a positive regulatory role of ZmTPI4 in kernel weight and starch content.We conclude that ZmTPI4 functions in maize kernel devel-opment,starch synthesis,glycolysis,and photosynthesis.
查看更多>>摘要：Mitochondrial calcium uniporter(MCU)is a conserved calcium ion(Ca2+)transporter in the mitochon-drial inner membrane of eukaryotic cells.How MCU proteins regulate Ca2+flow and modulate plant cell development remain largely unclear.Here,we identified the gene GhMCU4 encoding a MCU protein that negatively regulates plant development and fiber elongation in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum).GhMCU4 expressed constitutively in various tissues with the higher transcripts in elongating fiber cells.Knockdown of GhMCU4 in cotton significantly elevated the plant height and root length.The calcium sig-naling pathway was significantly activated and calcium sensor genes,including Ca2+dependent modula-tor of interactor of constitutively active ROP(GhCMI1),calmodulin like protein(GhCML46),calcium-dependent protein kinases(GhCPKs),calcineurin B-like protein(GhCBLs),and CBL-interacting protein kinases(GhCIPKs),were dramatically upregulated in GhMCU4-silenced plants.Metabolic processes were preferentially enriched,and genes related to regulation of transcription were upregulated in GhMCU4-si-lenced plants.The contents of Ca2+and H2O2 were significantly increased in roots and leaves of GhMCU4-silenced plants.Fiber length and Ca2+and H2O2 contents in fibers were significantly increased in GhMCU4-silenced plants.This study indicated that GhMCU4 plays a negative role in regulating cell elon-gation in cotton,thus expanding understanding in the role of MCU proteins in plant growth and development.
查看更多>>摘要：Knowledge of the function of growth-regulating factors(GRFs)in sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum and S.spontaneum)growth and development could assist breeders in selecting desirable plant architectures.However,limited information about GRFs is available in Saccharum due to their polyploidy.In this study,22 GRFs were identified in the two species and their conserved domains,gene structures,chromosome loca-tion,and synteny were characterized.GRF7 expression varied among tissues and responded to diurnal rhythm.SsGRF7-YFP was localized preferentially in the nucleus and appears to act as a transcriptional cofac-tor.SsGRF7 positively regulated the size and length of rice leaves,possibly by regulating cell size and plant hor-mones.Of seven potential transcription factors binding to the SsGRF7 promoter in S.spontaneum,four showed positive expression patterns,and two showed negative expression patterns relative to SsGRF7.
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