查看更多>>摘要：By 2050,the global population is projected to reach 9 billion,underscoring the imperative for innovative solutions to increase grain yield and enhance food security.Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool,providing unique solutions to this challenge.Nanoparticles(NPs)can improve plant growth and nutrition under normal conditions through their high surface-to-volume ratio and unique physical and chemical properties.Moreover,they can be used to monitor crop health status and augment plant resilience against abiotic stresses(such as salinity,drought,heavy metals,and extreme temperatures)that endanger global agriculture.Application of NPs can enhance stress tolerance mechanisms in plants,minimizing potential yield losses and un-derscoring the potential of NPs to raise crop yield and quality.This review highlights the need for a comprehensive exploration of the environmental implications and safety of nanomaterials and provides valuable guidelines for researchers,pol-icymakers,and agricultural practitioners.With thoughtful stewardship,nanotechnology holds immense promise in shaping environmentally sustainable agriculture amid escalating environ-mental challenges.
查看更多>>摘要：Cultivating high-yield wheat under limited water resources is crucial for sustainable agriculture in semiarid regions.Amid water scarcity,plants ac-tivate drought response signaling,yet the delicate balance between drought tolerance and develop-ment remains unclear.Through genome-wide as-sociation studies and transcriptome profiling,we identified a wheat atypical basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor(TF),TabHLH27-A1,as a promising quantitative trait locus candidate for both relative root dry weight and spikelet number per spike in wheat.TabHLH27-A1/B1/D1 knock-out reduced wheat drought tolerance,yield,and water use efficiency(WUE).TabHLH27-A1 ex-hibited rapid induction with polyethylene glycol(PEG)treatment,gradually declining over days.It activated stress response genes such as TaCBL8-B1 and TaCPI2-A1 while inhibiting root growth genes like TaSH15-B1 and TaWRKY70-B1 under short-term PEG stimulus.The distinct transcrip-tional regulation of TabHLH27-A1 involved diverse interacting factors such as TaABI3-D1 and TabZIP62-D1.Natural variations of TabHLH27-A1 influence its transcriptional responses to drought stress,with TabHLH27AA1Hap-Ⅱ associated with stronger drought tolerance,larger root system,more spikelets,and higher WUE in wheat.Sig-nificantly,the excellent TabHLH27-A1Hap-Ⅱ was selected during the breeding process in China,and introgression of TabHLH27-A1Hap-Ⅱ allele im-proved drought tolerance and grain yield,espe-cially under water-limited conditions.Our study highlights TabHLH27-A1's role in balancing root growth and drought tolerance,providing a genetic manipulation locus for enhancing WUE in wheat.
查看更多>>摘要：Calcium oscillations are induced by different stresses.Calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs/CPKs)are one major group of the plant calcium decoders that are involved in various processes including drought response.Some CPKs are calcium-independent.Here,we identi-fied ZmCPK2 as a negative regulator of drought resistance by screening an overexpression transgenic maize pool.We found that ZmCPK2 does not bind calcium,and its activity is mainly inhibited during short term abscisic acid(ABA)treatment,and dynamically changed in prolonged treatment.Interestingly,ZmCPK2 interacts with and is inhibited by calcium-dependent ZmCPK17,a positive regulator of drought resistance,which is activated by ABA.ZmCPK17 could prevent the nuclear localization of ZmCPK2 through phos-phorylation of ZmCPK2T60.ZmCPK2 interacts with and phosphorylates and activates ZmYAB15,a negative transcriptional factor for drought re-sistance.Our results suggest that drought stress-induced Ca2+can be decoded directly by ZmCPK17 that inhibits ZmCPK2,thereby pro-moting plant adaptation to water deficit.
查看更多>>摘要：Drought stress has negative effects on crop growth and production.Characterization of tran-scription factors that regulate the expression of drought-responsive genes is critical for under-standing the transcriptional regulatory networks in response to drought,which facilitates the im-provement of crop drought tolerance.Here,we identified an Alfin-like(AL)family gene ZmAL14 that negatively regulates drought resistance.Overexpression of ZmAL14 exhibits susceptibility to drought while mutation of ZmAL14 enhances drought resistance.An abscisic acid(ABA)-activated protein kinase ZmSnRK2.2 interacts and phosphorylates ZmAL14 at T38 residue.Knockout of ZmSnRK2.2 gene decreases drought resistance of maize.A dehydration-induced Rho-like small guanosine triphosphatase gene ZmROP8 is di-rectly targeted and repressed by ZmAL14.Phos-phorylation of ZmAL14 by ZmSnRK2.2 prevents its binding to the ZmROP8 promoter,thereby re-leasing the repression of ZmROP8 transcription.Overexpression of ZmROP8 stimulates perox-idase activity and reduces hydrogen peroxide accumulation after drought treatment.Collec-tively,our study indicates that ZmAL14 is a neg-ative regulator of drought resistance,which can be phosphorylated by ZmSnRK2.2 through the ABA signaling pathway,thus preventing its sup-pression on ZmROP8 transcription during drought stress response.
查看更多>>摘要：Achieving seedlessness in citrus varieties is one of the important objectives of citrus breeding.Male sterility associated with abnormal pollen develop-ment is an important factor in seedlessness.How-ever,our understanding of the regulatory mecha-nism underlying the seedlessness phenotype in citrus is still limited.Here,we determined that the miR159a-DUO1 module played an important role in regulating pollen development in citrus,which fur-ther indirectly modulated seed development and fruit size.Both the overexpression of csi-miR159a and the knocking out of DUO1 in Hong Kong kumquat(Fortunella hindsii)resulted in small and seedless fruit phenotypes.Moreover,pollen was severely aborted in both transgenic lines,with ar-rested pollen mitotic I and abnormal pollen starch metabolism.Through additional cross-pollination experiments,DUO1 was proven to be the key target gene for miR159a to regulate male sterility in citrus.Based on DNA affinity purification se-quencing(DAP-seq),RNA-seq,and verified inter-action assays,YUC2/YUC6,SS4 and STP8 were identified as downstream target genes of DUO1,those were all positively regulated by DUO1.In transgenic F.hindsii lines,the miR159a-DUO1 module down-regulated the expression of YUC2I YUC6,which decreased indoleacetic acid(IAA)levels and modulated auxin signaling to repress pollen mitotic I.The miR159a-DUO1 module re-duced the expression of the starch synthesis gene SS4 and sugar transport gene STP8 to disrupt starch metabolism in pollen.Overall,this work re-veals a new mechanism by which the miR159a-DUO1 module regulates pollen development and elucidates the molecular regulatory network un-derlying male sterility in citrus.
查看更多>>摘要：Flowering time and growth period are key agro-nomic traits which directly affect soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)adaptation to diverse latitudes and farming systems.The FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)homologs GmFT2a and GmFT5a integrate multiple flowering regulation pathways and significantly ad-vance flowering and maturity in soybean.Pin-pointing the genes responsible for regulating GmFT2a and GmFT5a will improve our under-standing of the molecular mechanisms governing growth period in soybean.In this study,we identi-fied the Nuclear Factor Y-C(NFY-C)protein GmNF-YC4 as a novel flowering suppressor in soybean under long-day(LD)conditions.GmNF-YC4 delays flowering and maturation by directly repressing the expression of GmFT2a and GmFT5a.In addition,we found that a strong selective sweep event occurred in the chromosomal region harboring the GmNF-YC4 gene during soybean domestication.The GmNF-YC4Hap3 allele was mainly found in wild soy-bean(Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.)and has been eliminated from G.max landraces and improved cultivars,which predominantly contain the GmNF-YC4Hap1 allele.Furthermore,the Gmnf-yc4 mutants displayed notably accelerated flowering and matu-ration under LD conditions.These alleles may prove to be valuable genetic resources for enhancing soybean adaptability to higher latitudes.
查看更多>>摘要：The heading date of rice is a crucial agronomic characteristic that influences its adaptability to dif-ferent regions and its productivity potential.Despite the involvement of WRKY transcription factors in various biological processes related to develop-ment,the precise mechanisms through which these transcription factors regulate the heading date in rice have not been well elucidated.The present study identified OsWRKY11 as a WRKY tran-scription factor which exhibits a pivotal function in the regulation of the heading date in rice through a comprehensive screening of a clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 mutant library that specifically targets the WRKY genes in rice.The heading date of oswrky11 mutant plants and OsWRKY11-overexpressing plants was delayed compared with that of the wild-type plants under short-day and long-day conditions.Mechanistic investigation revealed that OsWRKY11 exerts dual effects on transcriptional promotion and sup-pression through direct and indirect DNA binding,respectively.Under normal conditions,OsWRKY11 facilitates flowering by directly inducing the ex-pression of OsMADS14 and OsMADS15.The pres-ence of elevated levels of OsWRKY11 protein pro-mote formation of a ternary protein complex involving OsWRKY11,Heading date 1(Hd1),and Days to heading date 8(DTH8),and this complex then suppresses the expression of Ehd1,which leads to a delay in the heading date.Subsequent investigation revealed that a mild drought condition resulted in a modest increase in OsWRKY11 expression,promoting heading.Conversely,under severe drought conditions,a significant upregula-tion of OsWRKY11 led to the suppression of Ehd1 expression,ultimately causing a delay in heading date.Our findings uncover a previously un-acknowledged mechanism through which the tran-scription factor OsWRKY11 exerts a dual impact on the heading date by directly and indirectly binding to the promoters of target genes.
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