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动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）/Journal Animal NutritionCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
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    Secondary bile acids are associated with body lipid accumulation in obese pigs

    Yaolian HuAimin WuHui YanJunning Pu...
    246-256页
    查看更多>>摘要：The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for the differences in lipid accumulation between lean and obese pigs.The bile acids with varying levels within two types of pigs were found and then in vitro experiments were conducted to identify whether these bile acids can directly affect lipid accumulation.Fourteen pigs,including seven lean and seven obese pigs with body weights of approx-imately 80 kg,were fed the same diet at an amount approximately equivalent to 3％of their respective body weights daily for 42 d.In vitro,3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in medium with high glucose levels and were differentiated into mature adipocytes using differentiation medium.Then,bile acids were added to mature adipocytes for 4 d.The results showed that there was a difference in body lipids levels and gut microbiota composition between obese and lean pigs(P＜0.05).According to the results of gut microbial function prediction,the bile acid biosynthesis in colonic digesta of obese pigs were different from that in lean pig.Sixty-five bile acids were further screened by metabolomics,of which 4 were upregulated(P＜0.05)and 2 were downregulated(P＜0.05)in obese pigs compared to lean pigs.The results of the correlation analysis demonstrated that chenodeoxycholic acid-3-β-D-glucuronide(CDCA-3Gln)and ω-muricholic acid(ω-MCA)had a negative correlation with abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat rate,while isoallolithocholic acid(IALCA)was positively associated with crude fat in the liver and abdominal fat rate.There was a positive correlation between loin muscle area and CDCA-3Gln and ω-MCA(P＜0.05),however,IALCA and 3-oxodeoxycholic acid(3-oxo-DCA)were negatively asso-ciated with loin eye muscle area(P＜0.05).Isoallolithocholic acid increased the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG)and the number of lipid droplets(P＜0.05),promoting the lipid storage when IALCA was added to 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes in vitro.In conclusion,the concentration of bile acids,especially gut microbiota related-secondary bile acids,in obese pigs was different from that in lean pigs,which may contribute to lipid accumulation within obese pigs.
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    Effects of different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber on growth performance and intestinal health of piglets

    Luya FengZhenfu LuoJing WangKunfu Wu...
    257-271页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study investigated the impact of different ratios of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber(SDF:IDF)for-mulations by sugar beet pulp(SBP)supplementation on piglet growth performance,nutrient di-gestibility,immune function,intestinal morphology,intestinal microbiota and intestinal health.A total of 60 crossbred piglets(Duroc ×[Landrace × Yorkshire])at 40 d old with body weight of 10.0±0.3 kg were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 2 piglets per replicate in a 21-d trial.The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal diet(0％SBP supplementation;CON),and diets supplemented with 2％,4％,6％,and 8％SBP,representing different SDF:IDF ratios at 10.16％,13.53％,16.79％,19.86％,and 24.81％,respectively.The results indicated that the 8％SBP treatment had a negative effect on feed-to-gain ratio(linear,P=0.009)compared with the CON treatment(P=0.021).The apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of crude protein was lower in treatments supplemented with SBP(P=0.002)and showed a linear decrease(P=0.001),while the ATTD of IDF showed a linear increase(P=0.037)in four SBP treatments compared to the CON treatment.The 4％SBP treatment increased serum concentrations of triglyceride(quadratic,P=0.019)and K(linear,P=0.037),and decreased alanine transaminase concentration(quadratic,P=0.015)compared with the CON treatment.The concentrations of Cit,Cys,Ile,Leu,Orn,Arg,taurine,urea,1-methylhistidine,α-aminoadipic acid,α-aminobutyric acid and cystathionine in the 4％SBP treatment were highest among all treatments(P＜0.05).The serum concentrations of interleukin-6,interleukin-8,interleukin-10,transforming growth factor-β,and tumor necrosis factor-α in the 6％SBP treatment were higher than those in the CON treatment(P＜0.05),which also increased mucin-2 and G protein-coupled receptor 41 mRNA expression(P＜0.05)in colonic mucosa compared with the CON treatment and improved the intestinal barrier function.Diets containing more than 19.86％SDF:IDF could impair the intestinal health in piglets when SBP was used as the SDF source.Supplementing nursery piglet diets with 16.79％to 19.86％SDF:IDF is recommended for improving intestinal barrier function,increasing short-chain fatty acids concentra-tions,and improving intestinal microbiota composition.
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    Influences of lauric acid addition on performance,nutrient digestibility and proteins related to mammary gland development in dairy cows

    Jing ZhangLijun BuYapeng LiuWenjie Huo...
    272-283页
    查看更多>>摘要：Lauric acid(LA)has the possibility to improve milk production in dairy cows by improving mammary gland development,however,the mechanism by which it might regulate mammary gland development is unclear.The influence of LA on milk production,nutrient digestibility and the expression of proteins related to mammary gland development in dairy cows were evaluated.Forty primiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided into 4 groups in a randomized block design.Four treatments included the control(0 g/d LA per cow),low-LA(100 g/d LA per cow),medium-LA(200 g/d LA per cow),and high-LA(300 g/d LA per cow).Yields of milk,fat-corrected milk,and energy-corrected milk quadratically increased(P＜0.05),and yield and content of milk fat linearly increased(P＜0.05)with LA supplementation.Percentages of C12∶0,C18∶1 and C20∶1 fatty acids in milk fat linearly increased(P＜0.05),but that of C16:0 fatty acid linearly decreased(P=0.046).Supplementation of LA led to a linear and quadratical increase(P＜0.05)in digestibility of dry matter,organic matter,neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre,and ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration but a linear reduction(P=0.018)in the ratio of acetate to propionate.The enzymatic activities of ruminal pectinase,xylanase,and α-amylase,and populations of total bacteria and anaerobic fungi increased linearly(P＜0.05),while populations of total protozoa and methanogens decreased linearly(P＜0.05)with increased LA addition.Following LA addition,blood glucose,triglyceride,estradiol,prolactin,and insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations increased linearly(P＜0.05)and albumin and total protein concentrations increased quadratically(P＜0.05).Moreover,addition of 200 g/d LA promoted(P＜0.05)the expression of protein involved in mammary gland development and fatty acids synthesis.These results suggested that LA addition enhanced milk production and fatty acids synthesis by stimulating nutrient digestion,the expression of proteins associated with milk fat synthesis and mammary gland development.
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    Integrated multi-omics reveals the relationship between growth performance,rumen microbes and metabolic status of Hu sheep with different residual feed intakes

    Yanzhen ZhangXiaowei ZhangDingren CaoJinyong Yang...
    284-295页
    查看更多>>摘要：Residual feed intake(RFI)is a metric that provides a more accurate measure of feed efficiency.The lower the RFI,the higher the feed efficiency.The changes in the host microbiome and metabolome contribute to the greater feed efficiency of low RFI(LRFI)animals.The aim of this study was to explore the dif-ferences in rumen microorganisms,rumen metabolites and plasma metabolites of Hu sheep with differing RFI through the microbiome and metabolome.A total of 80 Hu sheep were used.The experi-ment consisted of a 15-d pretrial period and a 128-d experimental period.The RFI in the experimental period was calculated for all sheep,and the sheep were screened into high RFI(HRFI,n=8)and LRFI(n=8)groups.The HRFI and LRFI sheep did not differ in their initial and final body weights,average daily gain and body measurements,but the dry matter intake of LRFI sheep was significantly decreased(28.4％,P＜0.001).The sheep with LRFI had higher digestibility of crude protein(P=0.010)and ether extract(P=0.010)compared to HRFI group.The concentrations of acetate(P=0.036),propionate(P=0.010),valerate(P=0.027)and total volatile fatty acids(P=0.048)in rumen of LRFI group were higher compared to HRFI group.The results of 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that the sheep with LRFI had higher proportions of Prevotella genus in rumen liquid(P=0.031).The rumen metabolome and plasma metabolome results showed that the citrate cycle,pyruvate metabolism and alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism processes were more active for sheep in LRFI group,which provided more energy substrate such as malic acid,oxoglutaric acid and citric acid.In conclusion,sheep with LRFI can utilize feed more efficiently,and the more active energy metabolism pathway and the production of energy substances may account for the higher feed efficiency.
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    Rumen metagenome reveals the mechanism of mitigation methane emissions by unsaturated fatty acid while maintaining the performance of dairy cows

    Zhantao YangYuhui ZhengSiyuan LiuTian Xie...
    296-308页
    查看更多>>摘要：Dietary fat content can reduce the methane production of dairy cows;however,the relevance fatty acid(FA)composition has towards this inhibitory effect is debatable.Furthermore,in-depth studies eluci-dating the effects of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)on rumen function and the mechanism of reducing methane(CH4)production are lacking.This study exposed 10 Holstein cows with the same parity,similar milk yield to two total mixed rations:low unsaturated FA(LUFA)and high unsaturated FA(HUFA)with similar fat content.The LUFA group mainly added fat powder(C16∶0＞90％),and the HUFA group mainly replaced fat powder with extruded flaxseed.The experiment lasted 26 d,the last 5 d of which,gas exchange in respiratory chambers was conducted to measure gas emissions.We found that an increase in the UFA in diet did not affect milk production(P＞0.05)and could align the profile of milk FAs more closely with modern human nutritional requirements.Furthermore,we found that increasing the UFA content in the diet lead to a decrease in the abundance of Methanobrevibacter in the rumen(|linear discriminant analysis[LDA]score|＞2 and P＜0.05),which resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of multiple enzymes(EC:1.2.7.12,EC:2.3.1.101,EC:3.5.4.27,EC:1.5.98.1,EC:1.5.98.2,EC:6.2.1.1,EC:2.1.1.86 and EC:2.8.4.1)during methanogenesis(P＜0.05).Compared with the LUFA group,the pathway of CH4 metabolism was inhibited in the HUFA group(|LDA|＞2 and P＜0.05),which ultimately decreased CH4 production(P＜0.05).Our results illustrated the mechanism involving decreased CH4 production when fed a UFA diet in dairy cows.We believe that our study provides new evidence to explore CH4 emission reduction measures for dairy cows.
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    Fermented soybean meal improved laying performance and egg quality of laying hens by modulating cecal microbiota,nutrient digestibility,intestinal health,antioxidant and immunological functions

    Uchechukwu Edna ObianwunaLingling HuangHaijun ZhangJing Wang...
    309-321页
    查看更多>>摘要：Antinutritional factors in feedstuffs may limit their utilization in livestock production,but fermentation process can be used to improve feed quality;however,studies on fermented soybeans for laying hens remain limited.We investigated the effect of fermented soybean meal(FSBM)at various inclusion levels as a partial replacement for soybean meal(SBM)on egg production,egg quality,amino acid digestibility,gut morphology and microbiota,antioxidant capacity and immune response of young laying hens.A total of 360 Hy-line Brown laying hens aged 18 weeks were selected and divided into 5 groups of 6 replicates each and 12 birds per replicate.The control group received a basal diet while the trial group received the basal diet with FSBM included at 2.5％,5.0％,7.5％and 10.0％,respectively,for 12 weeks.Our findings revealed that the nutritional value of FSBM was higher compared to that of SBM in terms of reduced content of trypsin inhibitors and increased contents of crude protein,amino acids and minerals.FSBM enhanced egg production(P＜0.05),feed-to-egg ratio(P＜0.05),and albumen quality(albumen height and Haugh unit)(P＜0.05).Furthermore,FSBM improved apparent fecal amino acid digestibility(P＜0.05),gut morphology(increased villus height,villus width,villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and decreased crypt depth)(P＜0.05),antioxidant capacity(reduced malondialdehyde and increased cata-lase,total superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity)(P＜0.05)and immune function(increased concentrations of IgG,IgA,and IgM;increased levels of transforming growth factor beta and Toll-like receptor 2;and reduced levels of interleukin 1 β and tumor necrosis factor alpha)(P＜0.05).Further analysis showed that FSBM altered the composition of the gut microbiota favoring beneficial microbes.These findings suggest that probiotic fermentation improved the nutritional value of SBM.The inclusion of FSBM in the diets of laying hens at 2.5％or 5.0％improved amino acid digestibility,gut health,immune function,egg production and egg quality.
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    Double-side role of short chain fatty acids on host health via the gut-organ axes

    Yanan GaoQianqian YaoLu MengJiaqi Wang...
    322-339页
    查看更多>>摘要：Short chain fatty acids(SCFA)exist in dietary foods and are produced by the fermentation of gut microbiota,and are considered an important element for regulating host health.Through blood circu-lation,SCFA produced in the gut and obtained from foods have an impact on the intestinal health as well as vital organs of the host.It has been recognized that the gut is the"vital organ"in the host.As the gut microbial metabolites,SCFA could create an"axis"connecting the gut to other organs.Therefore,the"gut-organ axes"have become a focus of research in recent years to analyze organism health.In this review,we summarized the sources,absorption properties,and the function of SCFA in both gut and other peripheral tissues(brain,kidney,liver,lung,bone and cardiovascular)in the way of"gut-organ axes".Short chain fatty acids exert both beneficial and pathological role in gut and other organs in various ways,in which the beneficial effects are more pronounced.In addition,the beneficial effects are reflected in both preventive and therapeutic effects.More importantly,the mechanisms behinds the gut and other tissues provided insight into the function of SCFA,assisting in the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for maintaining the host health.
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    Dietary supplementation with calcitriol or quercetin improved eggshell and bone quality by modulating calcium metabolism

    Yu FuJianmin ZhouMartine SchroyenJing Lin...
    340-355页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary calcitriol or quercetin supplementation on eggshell and bone quality of laying hens.In trial 1,72 Hy-Line Brown layers(80-week-old)with weak-shelled strength(25 to 30 N)were assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 3 birds and fed a basal diet(4％calcium level)or basal diets supplemented with 0.5％calcium,5 μg/kg calcitriol or 500 mg/kg quercetin for 4 weeks.In trial 2,360 Hy-Line Brown layers(60-week-old)were divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates of 15 birds:control group(basal diet),calcitriol group(basal diet+5 μg/kg calcitriol),and quercetin group(basal diet+500 mg/kg quercetin).This trial lasted for 12 weeks.The results showed that dietary calcitriol or quercetin improved eggshell quality in both trials(P＜0.05).In trial 2,compared with the control group,both calcitriol and quercetin supplementations improved femoral bone quality,calcium retention of hens and calcium content in uterine fluid at 18.5 h post-oviposition(PO)(P＜0.05),along with enhancing uterine morphology.Compared to the control group,supplemental calcitriol or quercetin up-regulated the relative mRNA expression levels of uterine transient receptor potential cation channel,subfamily V,member 6(TRPV6)at 8.5 h PO and plasma membrane calcium-ATPase(PMCA),vitamin D receptor(VDR),estrogen receptor alpha(ERα)at 18.5 h PO(P＜0.05),but down-regulated the uterine caspase 3(CASP3)relative mRNA expression level at 8.5 h PO(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the femoral relative mRNA expression levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)(up-regulated at 8.5 and 18.5 h PO)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)(up-regulated at 8.5 h PO but down-regulated at 18.5 h PO)were also affected by calcitriol or quercetin supplementation(P＜0.05).Compared to the calcitriol,quercetin increased hen-day egg production and femoral medullary bone volume/bone tissue volume but reduced femoral stiffness(P＜0.05),which were accompanied by increased relative mRNA expression levels of uterine TRPV6,estrogen receptor beta(ERβ)at 18.5 h PO(P＜0.05).Overall,both dietary calcitriol and quercetin could improve eggshell and bone quality by modulating calcium metabolism of aged layers.Compared to calcitriol,dietary quercetin up-regulated the expression of uterine calcium transporters,without affecting eggshell quality.
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    Macleaya cordata extract exhibits some potential as a surrogate antibiotic by improving gastrointestinal epithelial status and humoral response in goats

    Qiongxian YanXilin LiXiaoling ZhouWenxun Chen...
    356-366页
    查看更多>>摘要：Macleaya cordata extract(MCE)is a potential replacement for antibiotics.In the current study,effects of MCE on the gastrointestinal health and humoral responses of host animals were explored.A total of 30 weanling goats with similar body weight of 9.15±1.36 kg were randomly allocated into three groups(n=10 per group):control group(CON group,fed with a basal diet),antibiotic group(Abx group,fed with the basal diet supplemented with 0.18 g/d vancomycin and 0.36 g/d neomycin),and MCE group(fed with the basal diet supplemented with 5 g/d MCE),for three weeks.Results showed that antibiotic addition decreased the height and area of rumen papillae,ruminal mucosa Toll-like receptor 8(TLR8),interleukin-8(IL-8)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)gene relative expression levels and microbial diversity,altered the volatile fatty acid(VFA)profile in the rumen,and increased monocytes amount and CD4+T cells percentage in the peripheral blood(P＜0.05)compared to CON group.MCE addition increased the average daily gain,ileal villus height,villus height/crypt depth,and immunoglobulin M(IgM)content in the peripheral blood(P＜0.05)compared to the CON.Additionally,MCE addition decreased the pro-portion of isobutyric acid in the chyme of the ileum(P=0.005)compared to the CON group.These results suggest that antibiotic supplementation may suppress the epithelial state and microbial diversity and fermentation in goats,but stimulate cellular response to maintain the growth performance of goats.MCE administration improved the epithelial state and humoral response to promote the growth per-formance in goats.
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    Multi-omics revealed the mechanism of feed efficiency in sheep by the combined action of the host and rumen microbiota

    Guangchen ZhouJunda LiXuhui LiangBohua Yang...
    367-379页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study was conducted to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of feed efficiency(FE)in sheep by linking rumen microbiota with its host by the multi-omics analysis.One hundred and ninety-eight hybrid female sheep(initial body weight=30.88±4.57 kg;4-month-old)were selected as candidate sheep.Each test sheep was fed in an individual pen for 60 days,and the residual feed intake(RFI)was calculated.The ten candidate sheep with the highest RFI were divided into the Low-FE group,and the ten with the lowest RFI were divided into the High-FE group,all selected for sample collection.The RFI,average daily gain and average daily feed intake were highly significantly different between the two experimental groups(P＜0.05).Compared with Low-FE group,the insulin-like growth factor-1 and very low-density lipoprotein in serum and the propionate in rumen significantly increased in High-FE group(P＜0.01),but the acetate:propionate ratio in rumen significantly decreased in High-FE group(P=0.034).Metagenomics revealed Selenomonas ruminantium,Selenomonas sp.and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were key bacteria,and increased abundance of the genes encoding the enzymes for cellulose degradation and production of propionate in High-FE group.The results of proteomics and section showed the rumen papilla length and expression of carbonic anhydrase and Na+/K+-ATPase were significantly higher in High-FE group(P＜0.05).On the other hand,the acetyl-CoA content significantly increased in the liver of High-FE group(P=0.002).The relative expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and apolipoprotein A4 genes were significantly up-regulated in the liver of High-FE group(P＜0.05),but relative expression level of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3 gene was significantly down-regulated(P=0.037).These findings provide the mechanism by which the collaborative inter-action between rumen microbiota fermentation and host uptake and metabolism of fermentation products impacts feed efficiency traits in sheep.
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