查看更多>>摘要：Microbial communities play crucial roles in pollutant removal and system stability in biological systems for coking wastewater(CWW)treatment,but a comprehensive understanding of their structure and func-tions is still lacking.A five month survey of four sequential bioreactors,anoxic 1/oxic 1/anoxic 2/oxic 2(A1/O1/A2/O2),was carried out in a full-scale CWW treatment system in China to elucidate operational performance and microbial ecology.The results showed that A1/O1/A2/O2 had excellent and stable per-formance for nitrogen removal.Both total nitrogen(TN;(17.38±6.89)mg·L-1)and ammonium-nitrogen(NH4+-N;(2.10±1.34)mg·L-1)in the final biological effluent satisfied the Chinese national standards for CWW.Integrated analysis of 16S ribosome RNA(rRNA)sequencing and metagenomic sequencing showed that the bacterial communities and metagenomic function profiles of A1 and O1 shared similar functional structures,while those of A2 significantly varied from those of other bioreactors(p＜0.05).The results indicated that microbial activity was strongly connected with activated sludge function.Nitrosospira,Nitrosomonas,and SM1A02 were responsible for nitrification during the primary anoxic-oxic(AO)stage and Azoarcus and Thauera acted as important denitrifiers in A2.Nitrogen cycling-related enzymes and genes work in the A1/O1/A2/O2 system.Moreover,the hao genes catalyzing hydroxylamine dehydroge-nase(EC 1.7.2.6)and the napA and napB genes catalyzing nitrate reductase(EC 1.9.6.1)played important roles in the nitrification and denitrification processes in the primary and secondary AO stages,respec-tively.The mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)/total solids(TS),TN removal rate(RR),total organic car-bon(TOC)(RR),and NH4+-N(RR)were the most important environmental factors for regulating the structure of core bacterial genera and nitrogen-cycling genes.Proteobacteria were the potential main participants in nitrogen metabolism in the A1/O1/A2/O2 system for CWW treatment.This study provides an original and comprehensive understanding of the microbial community and functions at the gene level,which is crucial for the efficient and stable operation of the full-scale biological process for CWW treatment.
查看更多>>摘要：This study systematically introduces the development of the world's first full-link and full-system ground demonstration and verification system for the OMEGA space solar power satellite(SSPS).First,the OMEGA 2.0 innovation design was proposed.Second,field-coupling theoretical models of sunlight con-centration,photoelectric conversion,and transmitting antennas were established,and a systematic opti-mization design method was proposed.Third,a beam waveform optimization methodology considering both a high beam collection efficiency and a circular stepped beam shape was proposed.Fourth,a control strategy was developed to control the condenser pointing toward the sun while maintaining the trans-mitting antenna toward the rectenna.Fifth,a high-efficiency heat radiator design method based on bion-ics and topology optimization was proposed.Sixth,a method for improving the rectenna array's reception,rectification,and direct current(DC)power synthesis efficiencies is presented.Seventh,high-precision measurement technology for high-accuracy beam-pointing control was developed.Eighth,a smart mechanical structure was designed and developed.Finally,the developed SSPS ground demonstration and verification system has the capacity for sun tracking,a high concentration ratio,pho-toelectric conversion,microwave conversion and emission,microwave reception,and rectification,and thus satisfactory results were obtained.
查看更多>>摘要：The optical diffraction effect imposes a radical obstacle preventing conventional optical microscopes from achieving an imaging resolution beyond the Abbe diffraction limit and thereby restricting their usage in a multitude of nanoscale applications.Over the past decade,the optical microsphere nano-imaging technique has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective solution for overcoming the diffraction limit and has achieved an imaging resolution of up to about λ/6-λ/8 in a real-time and label-free manner,making it highly competitive among numerous super-resolution imaging technologies.In this review,we summarize the underlying nano-imaging mechanisms of the microsphere nanoscope and key advancements aimed at imaging performance enhancement:first,to change the working environment or modify the peripheral hardware of a single microsphere nanoscope at the system level;second,to compose the microsphere compound lens;and third,to engineer the geometry or ingredients of micro-spheres.We also analyze challenges yet to be overcome in optical microsphere nano-imaging,followed by an outlook of this technique.
查看更多>>摘要：With the continuous miniaturization of electronic devices,microelectromechanical system(MEMS)oscil-lators that can be combined with integrated circuits have attracted increasing attention.This study reports a MEMS Huygens clock based on the synchronization principle,comprising two synchronized MEMS oscillators and a frequency compensation system.The MEMS Huygens clock improved short-time stability,improving the Allan deviation by a factor of 3.73 from 19.3 to 5.17 ppb at 1 s.A frequency compensation system based on the MEMS oscillator's temperature-frequency characteristics was devel-oped to compensate for the frequency shift of the MEMS Huygens clock by controlling the resonator cur-rent.This effectively improved the long-term stability of the oscillator,with the Allan deviation improving by 1.6343 × 105 times to 30.9 ppt at 6000 s.The power consumption for compensating both oscillators simultaneously is only 2.85 mW·℃-1.Our comprehensive solution scheme provides a novel and precise engineering solution for achieving high-precision MEMS oscillators and extends synchroniza-tion applications in MEMS.
查看更多>>摘要：In an integrated electricity-gas system(IEGS),load fluctuations affect not only the voltage in the power system but also the gas pressure in the natural gas system.The static voltage stability region(SVSR)method is a tool for analyzing the overall static voltage stability in a power system.However,in an IEGS,the SVSR boundary may be overly optimistic because the gas pressure may collapse before the volt-age collapses.Thus,the SVSR method cannot be directly applied to an IEGS.In this paper,the concept of the SVSR is extended to the IEGS-static stability region(SSR)while considering voltage and gas pressure.First,criteria for static gas pressure stability in a natural gas system are proposed,based on the static volt-age stability criteria in a power system.Then,the IEGS-SSR is defined as a set of active power injections that satisfies multi-energy flow(MEF)equations and static voltage and gas pressure stability constraints in the active power injection space of natural gas-fired generator units(NGUs).To determine the IEGS-SSR,a continuation MEF(CMEF)method is employed to trace the boundary point in one specific NGU scheduling direction.A multidimensional hyperplane sampling method is also proposed to sample the NGU scheduling directions evenly.The obtained boundary points are further used to form the IEGS-SSR in three-dimensional(3D)space via a Delaunay triangulation hypersurface fitting method.Finally,the numerical results of typical case studies are presented to demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively form the IEGS-SSR,providing a tool for IEGS online monitoring and dispatching.
查看更多>>摘要：Three-dimensional(3D)printing is a highly automated platform that facilitates material deposition in a layer-by-layer approach to fabricate pre-defined 3D complex structures on demand.It is a highly promis-ing technique for the fabrication of personalized medical devices or even patient-specific tissue con-structs.Each type of 3D printing technique has its unique advantages and limitations,and the selection of a suitable 3D printing technique is highly dependent on its intended application.In this review paper,we present and highlight some of the critical processes(printing parameters,build orien-tation,build location,and support structures),material(batch-to-batch consistency,recycling,protein adsorption,biocompatibility,and degradation properties),and regulatory considerations(sterility and mechanical properties)for 3D printing of personalized medical devices.The goal of this review paper is to provide the readers with a good understanding of the various key considerations(process,material,and regulatory)in 3D printing,which are critical for the fabrication of improved patient-specific 3D printed medical devices and tissue constructs.
查看更多>>摘要：The function-led design of porous hydrochar from mineral-rich biowaste for environmental applications inevitably suffers from carbon-ash recalcitrance.However,a method to alter the original carbon skeleton with ash remains elusive and hinders the availability of hydrochar.Herein,we propose a facile strategy for breaking the rigid structure of carbon-ash coupled hydrochar using phase-tunable molten carbonates.A case system was designed in which livestock manure and NaHCO3 were used to prepare the activated hydrochar,and NH3 served as the target contaminant.Due to the redox effect,we found that organic frac-tions significantly advanced the melting temperature of Na2CO3 below 800 ℃.The Na species steadily broke the carbon-ash interaction as the thermal intensity increased and transformed inorganic con-stituents to facilitate ash dissolution,rebuilding the hydrochar skeleton with abundant hierarchical chan-nels and active defect edges.The surface polarity and mesopore distribution collectively governed the five cycles NH3 adsorption attenuation process.Manure hydrochar delivered favorable potential for appli-cation with a maximum overall adsorption capacity of 100.49 mg g-1.Integrated spectroscopic character-ization and theoretical computations revealed that incorporating NH3 on the carbon surface could transfer electrons to chemisorbed oxygen,which promoted the oxidation of pyridine-N during adsorp-tion.This work offers deep insight into the structure function correlation of hydrochar and inspires a more rational design of engineered hydrochar from high-ash biowaste.
查看更多>>摘要：Multiple myeloma(MM)is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy.Current MM treatment strategies are hampered by systemic toxicity and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy.This study addressed these limitations through the development of a potent MM-targeting chemotherapy strategy,which capi-talized on the high binding affinity of alendronate for hydroxyapatite in the bone matrix and the homolo-gous targeting of myeloma cell membranes,termed T-PB@M.The results from our investigations highlight the considerable bone affinity of T-PB@M,both in vitro and in vivo.Additionally,this material demonstrated a capability for drug release triggered by low pH conditions.Moreover,T-PB@M induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and triggered cell apoptosis through the poly(ADP-ribose)poly-merase 1(PARP1)-Caspase-3-B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)pathway in MM cells.Notably,T-PB@M prefer-entially targeted bone-involved sites,thereby circumventing systemic toxic side effects and leading to prolonged survival of MM orthotopic mice.Therefore,this designed target-MM nanocarrier presents a promising and potentially effective platform for the precise treatment of MM.
查看更多>>摘要：Liver transplantation(LT)is the standard therapy for individuals afflicted with end-stage liver disease.Despite notable advancements in LT technology,the incidence of early allograft dysfunction(EAD)remains a critical concern,exacerbating the current organ shortage and detrimentally affecting the prog-nosis of recipients.Unfortunately,the perplexing hepatic heterogeneity has impeded characterization of the cellular traits and molecular events that contribute to EAD.Herein,we constructed a pioneering single-cell transcriptomic landscape of human transplanted livers derived from non-EAD and EAD patients,with 12 liver samples collected from 7 donors during the cold perfusion and portal reperfusion stages.Comparison of the 75 231 cells of non-EAD and EAD patients revealed an EAD-associated immune niche comprising mucosal-associated invariant T cells,granzyme B+(GZMB+)granzyme K+(GZMK+)natu-ral killer cells,and S100 calcium binding protein A12+(S100A12+)neutrophils.Moreover,we verified this immune niche and its association with EAD occurrence in two independent cohorts.Our findings eluci-date the cellular characteristics of transplanted livers and the EAD-associated pathogenic immune niche at the single-cell level,thus,offering valuable insights into EAD onset.
查看更多>>摘要：One-third of patients with autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)have cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis.The rele-vance of these variables,although unknown,is believed to be critical in AIH because of suspected inter-actions between the gut microbiome and genetic factors.Dysbiosis of the gut flora and elevated polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(pIgR)levels have been observed in both patients and mouse models.Moreover,there is a direct relationship between plgR expression and transaminase levels in patients with AIH.In this study,we aimed to explore how pIgR influences the secretion of regenerating islet-derived 3 beta(Reg3b)and the flora composition in AIH using in vivo experiments involving patients with AIH and a concanavalin A-induced mouse model of AIH.Reg3b expression was reduced in pIgR gene(Pigr)-knockout mice compared to that in wild-type mice,leading to increased microbiota disruption.Conversely,exogenous pIgR supplementation increased Reg3b expression and maintained microbiota homeostasis.RNA sequencing revealed the participation of the interleukin(IL)-17 signaling pathway in the regulation of Reg3b through plgR.Furthermore,the introduction of external pIgR could not restore the imbalance in gut microbiota in AIH,and the decrease in Reg3b expression was not apparent following the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3).In this study,pIgR facilitated the upregulation of Reg3b via the STAT3 pathway,which plays a crucial role in preserving the balance of the intestinal microbiota in AIH.Through this research,we discovered new molecular targets that can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of AIH.
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