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国家科学评论（英文版）
国家科学评论（英文版）
国家科学评论（英文版）/Journal National Science ReviewCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
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    Sustainable all-weather CO2 utilization by mimicking natural photosynthesis in a single material

    Xianjin ShiYu HuangRan LongZhenyu Wang...
    172-182页
    查看更多>>摘要：Solar-driven CO2 conversion into hydrocarbon fuels is a sustainable approach to synchronously alleviating the energy crisis and achieving net CO2 emissions.However,the dependence of the conversion process on solar illumination hinders its practical application due to the intermittent availability of sunlight at night and on cloudy or rainy days.Here,we report a model material of Pt-loaded hexagonal tungsten trioxide(Pt/h-WO3)for decoupling light and dark reaction processes,demonstrating the sustainable CO2 conversion under dark conditions for the first time.In such a material system,hydrogen atoms can be produced by photocatalytic water splitting under solar illumination,stored together with electrons in the h-WO3 through the transition of W6+to W5+and spontaneously released to trigger catalytic CO2 reduction under dark conditions.Furthermore,we demonstrate using natural light that CH4 production can persist at night and on rainy days,proving the accomplishment of all-weather CO2 conversion via a sustainable way.
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    Graphene binding on black phosphorus enables high on/off ratios and mobility

    Fanrong LinZhonghan CaoFeiping XiaoJiawei Liu...
    183-190页
    查看更多>>摘要：Graphene is one of the most promising candidates for integrated circuits due to its robustness against short-channel effects,inherent high carrier mobility and desired gapless nature for Ohmic contact,but it is difficult to achieve satisfactory on/off ratios even at the expense of its carrier mobility,limiting its device applications.Here,we present a strategy to realize high back-gate switching ratios in a graphene monolayer with well-maintained high mobility by forming a vertical heterostructure with a black phosphorus multi-layer.By local current annealing,strain is introduced within an established area of the graphene,which forms a reflective interface with the rest of the strain-free area and thus generates a robust off-state via local current depletion.Applying a positive back-gate voltage to the heterostructure can keep the black phosphorus insulating,while a negative back-gate voltage changes the black phosphorus to be conductive because of hole accumulation.Then,a parallel channel is activated within the strain-free graphene area by edge-contacted electrodes,thereby largely inheriting the intrinsic carrier mobility of graphene in the on-state.As a result,the device can provide an on/off voltage ratio of＞103 as well as a mobility of～8000 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature,meeting the low-power criterion suggested by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.
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    Solid-state atomic hydrogen as a broad-spectrum RONS scavenger for accelerated diabetic wound healing

    Man LuoQin WangGang ZhaoWei Jiang...
    191-201页
    查看更多>>摘要：Hydrogen therapy shows great promise as a versatile treatment method for diseases associated with the overexpression of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(RONS).However,developing an advanced hydrogen therapy platform that integrates controllable hydrogen release,efficient RONS elimination,and biodegradability remains a giant technical challenge.In this study,we demonstrate for the first time that the tungsten bronze phase H0.53WO3(HWO)is an exceptionally ideal hydrogen carrier,with salient features including temperature-dependent highly-reductive atomic hydrogen release and broad-spectrum RONS scavenging capability distinct from that of molecular hydrogen.Moreover,its unique pH-responsive biodegradability ensures post-therapeutic clearance at pathological sites.Treatment with HWO of diabetic wounds in an animal model indicates that the solid-state atomic H promotes vascular formation by activating M2-type macrophage polarization and anti-inflammatory cytokine production,resulting in acceleration of chronic wound healing.Our findings significantly expand the basic categories of hydrogen therapeutic materials and pave the way for investigating more physical forms of hydrogen species as efficient RONS scavengers for clinical disease treatment.
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    Bright,photostable and long-circulating NIR-Ⅱnanoparticles for whole-process monitoring and evaluation of renal transplantation

    Rongyuan ZhangPing ShenYu XiongTianjing Wu...
    202-215页
    查看更多>>摘要：Kidney transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage renal diseases(ESRDs).However,the scarcity of donor kidneys has caused more and more ESRD patients to be stuck on the waiting list for transplant surgery.Improving the survival rate for renal grafts is an alternative solution to the shortage of donor kidneys.Therefore,real-time monitoring of the surgical process is crucial to the success of kidney transplantation,but efficient methods and techniques are lacking.Herein,a fluorescence technology based on bright,photostable and long-circulating aggregation-induced emission(AIE)active NIR-Ⅱnano-contrast agent DIPT-ICF nanoparticles for the whole-process monitoring and evaluation of renal transplantation has been reported.In the aggregated state,DIPT-ICF exhibits superior photophysical properties compared with the commercial dyes IR-26 and IR-1061.Besides,the long-circulating characteristic of the AIE nano-contrast agent helps to achieve renal angiography in kidney retrieval surgery,donor kidney quality evaluation,diagnosing vascular and ureteral complications,and assessment of renal graft reperfusion beyond renovascular reconstruction,which considerably outperforms the clinically approved indocyanine green(ICG).
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    Magnetic-biased chiral molecules enabling highly oriented photovoltaic perovskites

    Jing ChenCaner DegerZhen-Huang SuKai-Li Wang...
    216-225页
    查看更多>>摘要：The interaction between sites A,B and X with passivation molecules is restricted when the conventional passivation strategy is applied in perovskite(ABX3)photovoltaics.Fortunately,the revolving A-site presents an opportunity to strengthen this interaction by utilizing an external field.Herein,we propose a novel approach to achieving an ordered magnetic dipole moment,which is regulated by a magnetic field via the coupling effect between the chiral passivation molecule and the A-site(formamidine ion)in perovskites.This strategy can increase the molecular interaction energy by approximately four times and ensure a well-ordered molecular arrangement.The quality of the deposited perovskite film is significantly optimized with inhibited nonradiative recombination.It manages to reduce the open-circuit voltage loss of photovoltaic devices to 360 mV and increase the power conversion efficiency to 25.22％.This finding provides a new insight into the exploration of A-sites in perovskites and offers a novel route to improving the device performance of perovskite photovoltaics.
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    Machine-learned wearable sensors for real-time hand-motion recognition:toward practical applications

    Kyung RokPyunKangkyu KwonMyung Jin YooKyun Kyu Kim...
    226-258页
    查看更多>>摘要：Soft electromechanical sensors have led to a new paradigm of electronic devices for novel motion-based wearable applications in our daily lives.However,the vast amount of random and unidentified signals generated by complex body motions has hindered the precise recognition and practical application of this technology.Recent advancements in artificial-intelligence technology have enabled significant strides in extracting features from massive and intricate data sets,thereby presenting a breakthrough in utilizing wearable sensors for practical applications.Beyond traditional machine-learning techniques for classifying simple gestures,advanced machine-learning algorithms have been developed to handle more complex and nuanced motion-based tasks with restricted training data sets.Machine-learning techniques have improved the ability to perceive,and thus machine-learned wearable soft sensors have enabled accurate and rapid human-gesture recognition,providing real-time feedback to users.This forms a crucial component of future wearable electronics,contributing to a robust human-machine interface.In this review,we provide a comprehensive summary covering materials,structures and machine-learning algorithms for hand-gesture recognition and possible practical applications through machine-learned wearable electromechanical sensors.
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    Liquid metal biomaterials:translational medicines,challenges and perspectives

    Hanchi XuJincheng LuYikuang XiXuelin Wang...
    259-279页
    查看更多>>摘要：Until now,significant healthcare challenges and growing urgent clinical requirements remain incompletely addressed by presently available biomedical materials.This is due to their inadequate mechanical compatibility,suboptimal physical and chemical properties,susceptibility to immune rejection,and concerns about long-term biological safety.As an alternative,liquid metal(LM)opens up a promising class of biomaterials with unique advantages like biocompatibility,flexibility,excellent electrical conductivity,and ease of functionalization.However,despite the unique advantages and successful explorations of LM in biomedical fields,widespread clinical translations and applications of LM-based medical products remain limited.This article summarizes the current status and future prospects of LM biomaterials,interprets their applications in healthcare,medical imaging,bone repair,nerve interface,and tumor therapy,etc.Opportunities to translate LM materials into medicine and obstacles encountered in practices are discussed.Following that,we outline a blueprint for LM clinics,emphasizing their potential in making new-generation artificial organs.Last,the core challenges of LM biomaterials in clinical translation,including bio-safety,material stability,and ethical concerns are also discussed.Overall,the current progress,translational medicine bottlenecks,and perspectives of LM biomaterials signify their immense potential to drive future medical breakthroughs and thus open up novel avenues for upcoming clinical practices.
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    Scientific objectives and payload configuration of the Chang'E-7 mission

    Chi WangYingzhuo JiaChangbin XueYangting Lin...
    280-295页
    查看更多>>摘要：As the cornerstone mission of the fourth phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program,Chang'E-7(CE-7)was officially approved,and implementation started in 2022,including a main probe and a communication relay satellite.The main probe,consisting of an orbiter,a lander,a rover and a mini-flying probe,is scheduled to be launched in 2026.The lander will land on Shackleton crater's illuminated rim near the lunar south pole,along with the rover and mini-flying probe.The relay satellite(named Queqiao-2)will be launched in February 2024 as an independent mission to support relay communication during scientific exploration undertaken by Chang'E-4,the upcoming Chang'E-6 in 2024 and subsequent lunar missions.The CE-7 mission is mainly aimed at scientific and resource exploration of the lunar south pole.We present CE-7's scientific objectives,the scientific payloads configuration and the main functions for each scientific payload with its key technical specifications.
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    Ling-Ling Chen:RNA has its own features;don't study it as a protein

    Weijie Zhao
    296-300页
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