期刊,世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版） 2012年卷25期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版）

主　　编：潘伯荣

出版周期：周刊

国际刊号：1007-9327

电子邮箱：wjg@wjgnet.com

电　　话：010-85381901-628

邮政编码：100025

地　　址：北京市朝阳区东四环中路62号楼远洋国际中心D座903室

世界胃肠病学杂志（英文版）/Journal World Journal of GastroenterologyCSCDCSTPCDSCI

查看更多>>主要报道和刊登国内外、特别是我国消化病学者具有创造性的、有较高学术水平的基础和临床研究论文、研究快报等. 对具有中国特色的研究论文, 如食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、大肠癌、病毒性肝炎、幽门螺杆菌、中医中药、中西医结合和基于作者自己研究工作为主的综述性论文, 将优先发表. 读者对象为基础研究或临床研究的消化专业工作者。

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Ghrelin's second life: From appetite stimulator to glucose regulator

Pieter-Jan VerhulstInge Depoortere

3183-3195页

查看更多>>摘要：Ghrelin,a 28 amino acid peptide hormone produced by the stomach,was the first orexigenic hormone to be discovered from the periphery.The octanoyl modification at Ser3,mediated by ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT),is essential for ghrelin's biological activity.Ghrelin stimulates food intake through binding to its receptor (GRLN-R) on neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.Ghrelin is widely expressed throughout the body; accordingly,it is implicated in several other physiological functions,which include growth hormone release,gastric emptying,and body weight regulation.Ghrelin and GRLN-R expression are also found in the pancreas,suggesting a local physiological role.Accordingly,several recent studies now point towards an important role for ghrelin and its receptor in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis,which is the main focus of this review.Several mechanisms of this regulation by ghrelin have been proposed,and one possibility is through the regulation of insulin secretion.Despite some controversy,most studies suggest that ghrelin exerts an inhibitory effect on insulin secretion,resulting in increased circulating glucose levels.Ghrelin may thus be a diabetogenic factor.Obesity-related type 2 diabetes has become an increasingly important health problem,almost reaching epidemic proportions in the world; therefore,antagonists of the ghrelin-GOAT signaling pathway,which will tackle both energy-and glucose homeostasis,may be considered as promising new therapies for this disease.

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Can zinc enhance response interferon therapy for patients with HCV-related liver disease?

Toru Ishikawa

3196-3200页

查看更多>>摘要：Patients with liver disease may be at risk of zinc depletion.Zinc supplementation has been shown to contribute to inhibition of liver fibrosis and improvement in hepatic encephalopathy.However,little is known about the anti-inflammatory effect of zinc on hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic liver disease.The standard of care for chronic HCV has improved markedly since the approval of interferon (IFN) therapy more than a decade ago.Over the past 20 years,IFN therapy has improved to more effectively eliminate the virus,progressing from single IFN therapy to combination therapy with ribavirin (RBV) and finally to pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN) therapy.However,even combined therapy with PEG-IFN and RBV for 48 wk is unable to eliminate the virus in some 40％ of hepatitis C cases,particularly those with genotype 1b and high viral load.Treatment options for patients who have relapsed or are refractory to treatment with PEG-IFN and RBV therefore need to be critically assessed.This paper overviews the relationship between chronic liver disease and zinc metabolism.

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Gastroenterostoma after Billroth antrectomy as a premalignant condition

Robert SitarzRyszard MaciejewskiWojciech P PolkowskiG Johan A Offerhaus...

3201-3206页

查看更多>>摘要：Gastric stump carcinoma (GSC) following remote gastric surgery is widely recognized as a separate entity within the group of various types of gastric cancer.Gastrectomy is a well established risk factor for the development of GSC at a long time after the initial surgery.Both exoas well as endogenous factors appear to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of GSC,such as achlorhydria,hypergastrinemia and biliary reflux,Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori infection,atrophic gastritis,and also some polymorphisms in interleukin-1β and maybe cyclo-oxygenase-2.This review summarizes the literature of GSC,with special reference to reliable early diagnostics.In particular,dysplasia can be considered as a dependable morphological marker.Therefore,close endoscopic surveillance with multiple biopsies of the gastroenterostomy is recommended.Screening starting at 15 years after the initial ulcer surgery can detect tumors at a curable stage.This approach can be of special interest in Eastern European countries,where surgery for benign gastroduodenal ulcers has remained a practice for a much longer time than in Western Europe,and therefore GSC is found with higher frequency.

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Mangiferin, a natural xanthone, accelerates gastrointestinal transit in mice involving cholinergic mechanism

Talita Cavalcante MoraisSynara Cavalcante LopesKarine Maria Martins Bezerra CarvalhoBruno Rodrigues Arruda...

3207-3214页

查看更多>>摘要：AIM:To investigate the effects of mangiferin on gastrointestinal transit (GIT) in normal and constipated mice,together with the possible mechanism.METHODS:Intragastrically-administered charcoal meal was used to measure GIT in overnight starved Swiss mice.In the first experiments,mangiferin (3 mg/kg,10mg/kg,30 mg/kg,and 100 mg/kg,po) or tegaserod (1mg/kg,ip) were administered 30 min before the charcoal meal to study their effects on normal transit.In the second series,mangiferin (30 mg/kg) was tested on delayed GIT induced by several different pharmacological agonists (morphine,clonidine,capsaicin) or antagonists (ondansetron,verapamil,and atropine) whereas in the third series,mangiferin (30 mg/kg,100mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) or tegaserod (1 mg/kg) were tested on 6 h fecal pellets outputted by freely fed mice.The ratio of wet to dry weight was calculated and used as a marker of fecal water content.RESULTS:Mangiferin administered orally significantly (P ＜ 0.05) accelerated GIT at 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg (89％and 93％,respectively),similarly to 5-hydroxytryptamine4 (5-HT4) agonist tegaserod (81％) when compared to vehicle-treated control (63％).Co-administered mangiferin (30 mg/kg) totally reversed the inhibitory effect of opioid agonist morphine,5-HT3-receptor antagonist ondansetron and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor agonist capsaicin on GIT,but only to a partial extent with the GIT-delay induced by α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine,and calcium antagonist verapamil.However,co-administered atropine completely blocked the stimulant effect of mangiferin on GIT,suggesting the involvement of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation.Although mangiferin significantly enhanced the 6 h fecal output at higher doses (245.5 ± 10.43 mg vs 161.9 ± 10.82 mg and 227.1 ± 20.11 mg vs 161.9 ±10.82 mg of vehicle-treated control,at 30 and 100 mg/kg,P ＜ 0.05,respectively),the effect of tegaserod was more potent (297.4 ± 7.42 mg vs 161.9 ± 10.82 mg of vehicle-treated control,P ＜ 0.05).Unlike tegaserod,which showed an enhanced water content in fecal pellets (59.20％ ± 1.09％ vs 51.44％ ± 1.19％ of control,P ＜ 0.05),mangiferin evidenced no such effect,indicating that it has only a motor and not a secretomotor effect.CONCLUSION:Our data indicate the prokinetic action of mangiferin.It can stimulate the normal GIT and also overcome the drug-induced transit delay,via a cholinergic physiological mechanism.

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Predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for transarterial chemolipiodolization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Myeong Jun SongSi Hyun BaeIe Ryung YooChung-Hwa Park...

3215-3222页

查看更多>>摘要：AIM:To investigate the correlation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with clinical features and the prediction of treatment response.METHODS:A total of 83 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET before transarterial chemolipiodolization with systemic chemo-infusion between October,2006 and May,2009 were retrospectively enrolled.The patients included 68 men and 15women (mean age,60 ± 10.7 years).The effect of 18F-FDG-monitored PET uptake on clinical features and on the evaluated treatment response was ascertained with modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.The PET parameters of maximal standardized uptake value of the tumor (TSUVmax),the ratio of the tumor maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) to the liver maximal SUV (TSuVmax/LSuVmax) and the ratio of tumor maximal SUV to the liver mean SUV (TSuVmax/LSuVmean)were tested as predictive factors.RESULTS:Among the 3 SUV parameters,the Tsuvmax/lsuVmean ratio (cutoff value of 1.90) was significantly associated with tumor burden including tumor size,tumor number,α-fetoprotein levels and tumor stage (P ＜0.001,P =0.008,P =0.011,P ＜ 0.001,respectively).The objective response rates in patients with a high SUV ratio (≥ 1.90) were significantly better than those with a low SUV ratio (＜ 1.90) (P =0.020).The overall survival rates of patients exhibiting a low Tsuwax/LSu-Vmean ratio (＜ 1.90) and those with a high SUV ratio (≥1.90) was 38.2 and 10.3 mo,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).However,the time to progression showed no significant difference between the groups (P =0.15).CONCLUSION:18F-FDG PET can be an important predictor of HCC treatment.In particular,the Tsuvmax/LsUVmean ratio (cutoff value of 1.90) can provide useful information in treatment prognosis for HCC patients treated with locoregional therapy.

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Effect of biologically active fraction of Nardostachys jatamansi on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis

Gi-Sang BaeMin-Sun KimKyoung-Chel ParkBon Soon Koo...

3223-3234页

查看更多>>摘要：AIM:TO determine if the fraction of Nardostachysjatamansi (NJ) has the potential to ameliorate the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP).METHODS:Mice were administered the biologically active fraction of NJ,i.e.,the 4th fraction (NJ4),intraperitoneally,and then injected with the stable cholecystokinin analogue cerulein hourly for 6 h.Six hours after the last cerulein injection,the pancreas,lung,and blood were harvested for morphological examination,measurement of cytokine expression,and examination of neutrophil infiltration.RESULTS:NJ4 administration attenuated the severity of AP and lung injury associated with AP.It also reduced cytokine production and neutrophil infiltration and resulted in the in vivo up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).Furthermore,NJ4 and its biologically active fraction,N J4-2 inhibited the cerulein-induced death of acinar cells by inducing HO-1 in isolated pancreatic acinar cells.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that NJ4 may be a candidate fraction offering protection in AP and NJ4 might ameliorate the severity of pancreatitis by inducing HO-1 expression.

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Effect of Yiguanjian decoction on cell differentiation and proliferation in CCl4-treated mice

Xiao-Ling WangDong-Wei JiaHui-Yang LiuXiao-Feng Yan...

3235-3249页

查看更多>>摘要：AIM:To investigate the cellular mechanisms of action of Yiguanjian (YGJ) decoction in treatment of chronic hepatic injury.METHODS:One group of mice was irradiated,and received enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-positive bone marrow transplants followed by 13 wk of CCl4 injection and 6 wk of oral YGJ administration.A second group of Institute for Cancer Research mice was treated with 13 wk of CCl4 injection and 6 wk of oral YGJ administration.Liver function,histological changes in the liver,and Hyp content were analyzed.The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),F4/80,albumin (Alb),EGFP,mitogen-activated protein kinase-2 (PKM2),Ki-67,α fetoprotein (AFP),monocyte chemotaxis protein-1 and CC chemokine receptor 2 were assayed.RESULTS:As hepatic damage progressed,EGFP-positive marrow cells migrated into the liver and were mainly distributed along the fibrous septa.They showed a conspicuous coexpression of EGFP with α-SMA and F4/80 but no coexpression with AIb.Moreover,the expression of PKM2,AFP and Ki-67 was enhanced dynamically and steadily over the course of liver injury.YGJ abrogated the increases in the number of bone marrow-derived fibrogenic cells in the liver,inhibited expression of both progenitor and mature hepatocyte markers,and reduced fibrogenesis.CONCLUSION:YGJ decoction improves liver fibrosis by inhibiting the migration of bone marrow cells into the liver as well as inhibiting their differentiation and suppressing the proliferation of both progenitors and hepatocytes in the injured liver.

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Carbon dioxide insufflation during colonoscopy in deeply sedated patients

Rajvinder SinghEu Nice NeoNazree NordeenGanesananthan Shanmuganathan...

3250-3253页

查看更多>>摘要：AIM:To compare the impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) and air insufflation on patient tolerance/safety in deeply sedated patients undergoing colonoscopy.METHODS:Patients referred for colonoscopy were randomized to receive either CO2 or air insufflation during the procedure.Both the colonoscopist and patient were blinded to the type of gas used.During the procedure,insertion and withdrawal times,caecal intubation rates,total sedation given and capnography readings were recorded.The level of sedation and magnitude of patient discomfort during the procedure was assessed by a nurse using a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0-3).Patients then graded their level of discomfort and abdominal bloating using a similar VAS.Complications during and after the procedure were recorded.RESULTS:A total of 142 patients were randomized with 72 in the air arm and 70 in the CO2 arm.Mean age between the two study groups were similar.Insertion time to the caecum was quicker in the CO2 group at 7.3 min vs 9.9 min with air (P =0.0083).The average withdrawal times were not significantly different between the two groups.Caecal intubation rates were 94.4％ and 100％ in the air and CO2 groups respectively (P =0.012).The level of discomfort assessed by the nurse was 0.69 (air) and 0.39 (CO2) (P =0.0155) and by the patient 0.82 (air) and 0.46 (CO2) (P =0.0228).The level of abdominal bloating was 0.97 (air) and 0.36 (CO2) (P =0.001).Capnography readings trended to be higher in the CO2 group at the commencement,caecal intubation,and conclusion of the procedure,even though this was not significantly different when compared to readings obtained during air insufflation.There were no complications in both arms.CONCLUSION:CO2 insuffiation during colonoscopy is more efficacious than air,allowing quicker and better cecal intubation rates.Abdominal discomfort and bloating were significantly less with CO2 insufflation.

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Intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the colonic mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease

Kriszta Molnár(A)dám VannayBeáta SzebeniNóra Fanni Bánki...

3254-3259页

查看更多>>摘要：AIM:To investigate intestinal alkaline phosphatase (iAP) in the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODS:Colonic biopsy samples were taken from 15 newly diagnosed IBD patients and from 10 healthy controls.In IBD patients,specimens were obtained both from inflamed and non-inflamed areas.The iAP mRNA and protein expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis,respectively.Tissue localization of iAP and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 was investigated by immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS:The iAP protein level in the inflamed mucosa of children with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) was significantly decreased when compared with controls (both P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,we found a significantly decreased level of iAP protein in the inflamed mucosa in CD compared with non-inflamed mucosa in CD (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the iAP protein level in inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with UC was decreased compared with non-inflamed mucosa in patients with CD (P ＜ 0.05).iAP protein levels in the non-inflamed mucosa of patients with CD were similar to controls.iAP mRNA expression in inflamed colonic mucosa of children with CD and UC was not significantly different from that in non-inflamed colonic mucosa with CD.Expression of iAP mRNA in patients with non-inflamed mucosa and in controls were similar.Co-localization of iAP with TLR4 showed intense staining with a dotted-like pattern.iAP was present in the inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of patients with CD,UC,and in control biopsy specimens,irrespective of whether it was present in the terminal ileum or in the colon.However,the fluorescent signal of TLR4 was more pronounced in the colon compared with the terminal ileum in all groups studied.CONCLUSION:Lower than normal iAP protein levels in inflamed mucosa of IBD patients may indicate a role for iAP in inflammatory lesions in IBD.Based on our results,administration of exogenous iAP enzyme to patients with the active form of IBD may be a therapeutic option.

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Incidence and clinical features of endoscopic ulcers developing after gastrectomy

Woo Chul ChungEun Jung JeonKang-Moon LeeChang Nyol Paik...

3260-3266页

查看更多>>摘要：AIM:To determine the precise incidence and clinical features of endoscopic ulcers following gastrectomy.METHODS:A consecutive series of patients who underwent endoscopic examination following gastrectomy between 2005 and 2010 was retrospectively analyzed.A total of 78 patients with endoscopic ulcers and 759 without ulcers following gastrectomy were enrolled.We analyzed differences in patient age,sex,size of the lesions,method of operation,indications for gastric resection,and infection rates of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)between the nonulcer and ulcer groups.RESULTS:The incidence of endoscopic ulcers after gastrectomy was 9.3％ and that of marginal ulcers was 8.6％.Ulcers were more common in patients with Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis and pre-existing conditions for peptic ulcer disease (PUD).Infection rates of H.pyloridid not differ significantly between the two groups.The patients who underwent operations to treat PUD had lower initial levels of hemoglobin and higher rates of hospital admission.CONCLUSION:H.pylori was not an important factor in ulcerogenesis following gastrectomy.For patients who underwent surgery for PUD,clinical course of marginal ulcers was more severe.

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