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中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学（英文版）
中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学（英文版）

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中国科学:物理学 力学 天文学（英文版）/Journal Science China(Physics, Mechanics&Astronomy)CSCDCSTPCDEISCI
查看更多>>《中国科学》是中国科学院主办、中国科学杂志社出版的自然科学专业性学术刊物。《中国科学》任务是反映中国自然科学各学科中的最新科研成果，以促进国内外的学术交流。《中国科学》以论文形式报道中国基础研究和应用研究方面具有创造性的、高水平的和有重要意义的科研成果。在国际学术界，《中国科学》作为代表中国最高水平的学术刊物也受到高度重视。国际上最具有权威的检索刊物SCI，多年来一直收录《中国科学》的论文。1999年《中国科学》夺得国家期刊奖的第一名。
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    Electronic structures and Mott state of epitaxial TaS2 monolayers

    Qichao TianChi DingXiaodong QiuQinghao Meng...
    91-97页
    查看更多>>摘要：Layered material TaS2 hosts multiple structural phases and exotic correlated quantum states,including charge density wave(CDW),superconductivity,quantum spin liquid,and Mott insulating state.Here,we synthesized TaS2 monolayers in H and T phases using the molecular beam epitaxial(MBE)method and studied their electronic structures via angle-resolved photo-emission spectroscopy(ARPES).We found that the H phase TaS2(H-TaS2)monolayer is metallic,with an energy band crossing the Fermi level.In contrast,the T phase TaS2(T-TaS2)monolayer shows an insulated energy gap at the Fermi level,while the normal calculated band structure implies it should be metallic without any band gap.However,by considering Hubbard interaction potential U,further density functional theory(DFT)calculation suggests that monolayer T-TaS2 could be a CDW Mott insulator,and the DFT+U calculation matches well with the ARPES result.More significantly,the temperature-dependent ARPES result indicates that the CDW Mott state in the T-TaS2 monolayer is more robust than its bulk counterpart and can persist at room temperature.Our results reveal that the dimensional effect can enhance the CDW Mott state and provide valuable insights for further exploring the exotic properties of monolayer TaS2.
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    Topological and superconducting properties of monolayered CoN and CoP:A first-principles comparative study

    Jiaqing GaoZhenyu ZhangPing Cui
    98-108页
    查看更多>>摘要：Two-dimensional systems that simultaneously harbor superconductivity and nontrivial band topology may serve as appealing platforms for realizing topological superconductivity with promising applications in fault-tolerant quantum computing.Here,based on first-principles calculations,we show that monolayered CoN and CoP with the isovalent FeSe-like structure are stable in freestanding form,even though their known bulk phases have no resemblance to layering.The two systems are further revealed to display intrinsic band inversions due to crystal field splitting,and such orderings are preserved with the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling(SOC),which otherwise is able to open a curved band gap,yielding a non-zero Z2 topological invariant in each case.Such a mechanism of topologicalization is distinctly contrasted with that identified recently for the closely related monolayers of CoX(X=As,Sb,Bi),where the SOC plays an indispensable role in causing a nontrivial band inversion.Next,we demonstrate that,by applying equi-biaxial tensile strain,the electron-phonon coupling strength in monolayered CoN can be significantly enhanced,yielding a superconducting transition temperature(Tc)up to 7-12 K for the Coulomb pseudopotential ofμ=0.2-0.1,while the CoP monolayer shows very low Tc even under pronounced strain.Their different superconducting behaviors can be attributed to different variations in lattice softening and electronic density of states around the Fermi level upon pressuring.Our central findings enrich the understanding of different mechanisms of band inversions and topologicalization and offer platforms for achieving the coexistence of superconductivity and nontrivial band topology based on two-dimensional systems.
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    Room-temperature phonon-coupled single-photon emission in hexagonal boron nitride

    Jia-Min LaiQing-Hai TanFeilong SongHaonan Chang...
    109-114页
    查看更多>>摘要：Photon-lattice(phonon)coupling is fundamental to light-matter interaction,particularly when it reaches the quantum limit of the phonon-coupled single-photon emission,which holds great potential for quantum manipulation and quantum information transduction.Here,we report single defect state-phonon coupling in hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)at room temperature.An ultrabroad spectrum of single-photon emissions can be achieved by selecting the excitation energies.Using photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy,we observe single-phonon-assisted resonance-enhanced single-photon emission,along with multiple phonon replicas that herald the creation of phonon Fock state.We also develop a transition model to gain insight into the physical process behind the single defect state-phonon coupling.Our work sets the stage for manipulating electron-phonon coupling state with single quantum-level precision at room temperature.
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    Crystalline-amorphization-recrystallization structural transition and emergent superconductivity in van der Waals semiconductor SiP under compression

    Chunhua ChenZhenyu DingYonghui ZhouYifang Yuan...
    115-122页
    查看更多>>摘要：van der Waals(vdW)semiconductors have gained significant attention due to their unique physical properties and promising applications,which are embedded within distinct crystallographic symmetries.Here,we report a pressure-induced crystalline-amorphization-recrystallization transition under compression in binary vdW semiconductor SiP.Upon compression to 52 GPa,bulk SiP undergoes a consecutive phase transition from pristine crystalline to amorphous phase,ultimately to recrystallized phase.By employing synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments in conjunction with high-pressure crystal structure searching techniques,we reveal that the recrystallized SiP hosts a tetragonal structure(space group 14mm)and further transforms partially into a cubic phase(space group Fm(3)m).Consistently,electrical transport and alternating-current magnetic susceptibility mea-surements indicate the presence of three superconducting phases,which are embedded in separate crystallographic symmetries-the amorphous,tetragonal,and cubic structures.Furthermore,a high superconducting transition temperature of 12.3 K is observed in its recovered tetragonal phase during decompression.Our findings uncover a novel phase evolution path and elucidate a pressure-engineered structure-property relationship in vdW semiconductor SiP.These results not only offer a new platform to explore the transformation between different structures and functionalities,but also provide new opportunities for the design and exploration of advanced devices based on vdW materials.
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    Detection of astrophysical gravitational wave sources by TianQin and LISA

    Alejandro Torres-OijuelaShun-Jia HuangZheng-Cheng LiangShuai Liu...
    123-163页
    查看更多>>摘要：TianQin and LISA are space-based laser interferometer gravitational wave(GW)detectors planned to be launched in the mid-2030s.Both detectors will detect low-frequency GWs around 10-2 Hz;however,TianQin is more sensitive to frequencies above this common sweet-spot while LISA is more sensitive to frequencies below 10-2 Hz.Therefore,TianQin and LISA will be able to detect the same sources but with different accuracy depending on the source and its parameters.We consider some of the most important astrophysical sources-massive black hole binaries,stellar-mass black hole binaries,double white dwarfs,ex-treme mass ratio inspirals,light and heavy intermediate mass ratio inspirals,as well as the stochastic gravitational background of astrophysical origin-that TianQin and LISA will be able to detect.For each of these sources,we analyze how far they can be detected(detection distance)and how well their parameters can be measured(detection accuracy)using a Fisher Matrix analysis.We compare the results obtained by the three detection scenarios(TianQin alone,LISA alone,and joint detection by LISA and TianQin)highlighting the gains from joint detection as well as the contribution of TianQin and LISA to a combined study of as-trophysical sources.In particular,we consider the different orientations,lifetimes,and duty cycles of the two detectors to explore how they can give a more complete picture when working together.
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    Primordial black hole mass functions as a probe of cosmic origin

    Yi-Fu CaiChengfeng TangGeyu MoSheng-Feng Yan...
    164-171页
    查看更多>>摘要：We discuss a novel window to probe the origin of our universe via the mass functions of primordial black holes(PBHs).The mass functions of PBHs are simply estimated using the conventional Press-Schechter formalism for two paradigms of cosmic origin,including inflationary ACDM and bounce cosmology.The standard inflationary ACDM model cannot generate an appre-ciable number of massive PBHs;however,non-trivial inflation models with blue-tilted power spectra at small scales and matter bounce cosmology provide formation mechanisms for heavy PBHs,which in turn,may seed the observed supermassive black holes(SMBHs).By fitting the SMBH mass functions at high redshift(z～6)derived from Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS)and Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey(CFHQS)quasars,for two paradigms of cosmic origin,we derive constraints on the PBH density fraction fPBH at z～6 and the characteristic mass M*,with the prior assumption that all SMBHs stem from PBHs.We demonstrate that this newly proposed procedure,relying on astronomical measurements that utilize deep-field surveys of SMBHs at high redshift,can be used to constrain models of cosmic origin.Additionally,although not the main focus of this paper,we evolve the mass function from z～6 to z～0 through an assumption of 3 × 108-year Eddington's accretion,and give a rough estimation of fPBH at z～0.
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    Driving factors behind multiple populations

    Ruoyun HuangBaitian TangChengyuan LiDoug Geisler...
    172-181页
    查看更多>>摘要：Star clusters were historically considered simple stellar populations,with all stars sharing the same age and initial chemical com-position.However,the presence of chemical anomalies in globular clusters(GCs),called multiple stellar populations(MPs),has challenged star formation theories in dense environments.Literature studies show that mass,metallicity,and age are likely con-trolling parameters for the manifestation of MPs.Identifying the limit between clusters with/without MPs in physical parameter space is crucial to reveal the driving mechanism behind their presence.In this study,we look for MP signals in Whiting 1,which is traditionally considered a young GC.Using the Magellan telescope,we obtained low-resolution spectra within λλ=3850-5500 Å for eight giants of Whiting 1.We measured the C and N abundances from the CN and CH spectral indices.C and N abundances have variations comparable with their measurement errors(～0.1 dex),suggesting that MPs are absent from Whiting 1.Com-bining these findings with literature studies,we propose a limit in the metallicity vs.cluster compactness index parameter space,which relatively clearly separates star clusters with/without MPs(GCs/open clusters).This limit is physically motivated.On a larger scale,the galactic environment determines cluster compactness and metallicity,leading to metal-rich,diffuse,old clusters formed ex situ.Our proposed limit also impacts our understanding of the formation of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy:star clusters formed after the first starburst(age≲ 8-10 Gyr).These clusters are simple stellar populations because the enriched galactic envi-ronment is no longer suitable for MP formation.
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    HiFAST:An H i data calibration and imaging pipeline for FAST

    Yingjie JingJie WangChen XuZiming Liu...
    182-199页
    查看更多>>摘要：The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)has the largest aperture and a 19-beam L-band receiver,making it powerful for investigating the neutral hydrogen atomic gas(H i)in the universe.We present HiFAST(https://hifast.readthedocs.io),a dedicated,modular,and self-contained calibration and imaging pipeline for processing the H i data of FAST.The pipeline consists of frequency-dependent noise diode calibration,baseline fitting,standing wave removal using an FFT-based method,flux density calibration,stray radiation correction,and gridding to produce data cubes.These modules can be combined as needed to process the data from most FAST observation modes:tracking,drift scanning,On-The-Fly mapping,and most of their variants.With HiFAST,the root-mean-square(RMS)noises of the calibrated spectra from all 19 beams were only slightly(～5％)higher than the theoretical expectation.The results for the extended source M33 and the point sources are consistent with the results from Arecibo.The moment maps(0,1 and 2)of M33 agree well with the results from the Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey(AGES)with a fractional difference of less than 10％.For a common sample of 221 sources with signal-to-noise ratio S/N＞10 from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA(ALFALFA)survey,the mean value of fractional difference in the integrated flux density,S int,between the two datasets is approximately 0.005％,with a dispersion of 15.4％.Further checks on the integrated flux density of 23 sources with seven observations indicate that the variance in the flux density of the source with luminous objects(Sint＞2.5 Jy km s-1)is less than 5％.Our tests suggest that the FAST telescope,with the efficient,precise,and user-friendly pipeline HiFAST,will yield numerous significant scientific findings in the investigation of the H I in the universe.
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    Consecutive narrow and broad quasi-periodic fast-propagating wave trains associated with a flare

    Xinping ZhouYuandeng ShenChengrui ZhouZehao Tang...
    200-211页
    查看更多>>摘要：The excitation mechanism of coronal quasi-period fast-propagating(QFP)wave trains remains unresolved.Using Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory observations,we study a narrow and a broad QFP wave trains excited one after another during the successive eruptions of filaments hosted within a fan-spine magnetic system on October 20,2013.The consecutive occurrence of these two types of QFP wave trains in the same event provides an excellent opportunity to explore their excitation mechanisms and compare their physical parameters.Our observational results reveal that narrow and broad QFP wave trains exhibit distinct speeds,periods,energy fluxes,and relative intensity amplitudes,although originating from the same active region and being associated with the same GOES C2.9 flare.Using wavelet analysis,we find that the narrow QFP wave train shares a similar period with the flare itself,suggesting its possible excitation through the pulsed energy release in the magnetic reconnection process that generated the accompanying flare.On the other hand,the broad QFP wave train appears to be associated with the energy pulses released by the successive expansion and unwinding of filament threads.Additionally,it is plausible that the broad QFP wave train was also excited by the sequential stretching of closed magnetic field lines driven by the erupting filament.These findings shed light on the different excitation mechanisms and origins of the QFP wave trains.
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    A design and manufacturing methodology for encoded soft-textile robots

    Yihui Zhang
    212-213页
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