期刊,农业科学学报（英文） 2024年卷7期_国家学术搜索

期刊信息/Journal information

农业科学学报（英文）

中国农业科学院农业信息研究所

主办单位：中国农业科学院农业信息研究所

主　　编：翟虎渠

出版周期：月刊

国际刊号：2095-3119

电子邮箱：zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn

电　　话：010-82106283 82106280

邮政编码：100081

地　　址：北京中关村南大街12号

农业科学学报（英文）/Journal Journal of Integrative AgricultureCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI

查看更多>>本刊创刊于2002年，由中国农业科学院、中国农学会主办，中国农业科学院农业信息研究所承办。刊登农牧业基础科学和应用科学的研究论文，覆盖作物科学、动物科学、农业环境、农业经济与管理等领域。

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Sensitivity and resistance risk analysis of Didymella bryoniae populations to fluopyram

Zhiwen WuXiaowei CaiXuewei MaoMingguo Zhou...

2306-2317页

查看更多>>摘要：Fluopyram is an succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI)fungicide that has been registered in China to control gummy stem blight(GSB)in watermelons for many years.However,whether the field pathogens of GSB are still sensitive to fluopyram or not is unknown.Therefore,we collected 69 Didymella bryoniae isolates from the fields that usually use fluopyram to control GSB to determine the sensitivity change.The EC50(50％inhibition effect)values of fluopyram against D.bryoniae ranged from 0.0691 to 0.3503 μg mL-1 and the variation factor was 5.07.The mean EC50 value was(0.1579±0.0669)μg mL-1 and the curve of sensitivity was unimodal.No resistant strains were found in the isolates,which means that the pathogens were still sensitive to fluopyram.The minimal inhibition concentration(MIC)of fluopyram against D.bryoniae was 3 μg mL-1.Four low-resistant mutants and two medium-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide taming and the resistance of mutants could be inherited stably.The growth rate of mutants decreased significantly compared with that of wild-type strains while the biomass of most mutants was similar to that of wild-type strains.The sensitivity of most resistant mutants to various stresses was increased compared with that of wild-type strains.The virulence of mutants receded except for low-resistant mutant XN51FR-1,which had the same lesion area as XN51 on the watermelon leaves.The results indicated that the fitness of resistant mutants was decreased compared with that of wild-type strains.The cross-resistance assay indicated that fluopyram-resistant mutants were positive cross-resistant to all six SDHI fungicides in this test but were still sensitive to fluazinam and tebuconazole.So the resistance risk of D.bryoniae to fluopyram was moderate.In addition,we found that the SdhB gene of low-resistant mutant XN30FR-1 had three new point mutations at positions K258N,A259P,and H277N.Medium-resistant mutant XN52FR-1 showed a mutation at position H277N and other mutants did not have any point mutation.

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Development of a stable attenuated double-mutant of tobacco mosaic virus for cross-protection

Xiaojie XuShaoyan JiangChunju LiuXujie Sun...

2318-2331页

查看更多>>摘要：Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)are two major economic crops in China.Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV;genus Tobamovirus)is the most prevalent virus infecting both crops.Currently,some widely cultivated tobacco and tomato cultivars are susceptible to TMV and there is no effective strategy to control this virus.Cross-protection can be a safe and environmentally friendly strategy to prevent viral diseases.However,stable attenuated TMV mutants are scarce.In this study,we found that the substitutions in the replicase p126,arginine at position 196(R196)with aspartic acid(D),glutamic acid at position 614(E614)with glycine(G),serine at position 643(S643)with phenylalanine(F),or D at position 730(D730)with S,significantly reduced the virulence and replication of TMV.However,only the mutation of S643 to F reduced the RNA silencing suppression activity of TMV p126.A double-mutant TMV-E614G-S643F induced no visible symptom and was genetically stable through six successive passages in tobacco plants.Furthermore,our results showed that TMV-E614G-S643F double-mutant could provide effective protection against the wild-type TMV infection in tobacco and tomato plants.This study reports a promising mild mutant for cross-protection to control TMV in tobacco and tomato plants.

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Resistance development,cross-resistance,and fitness costs associated with Aphis gossypii resistance towards sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in different geographical regions

Wei WangRenfu ZhangHaiyang LiuRuifeng Ding...

2332-2345页

查看更多>>摘要：Aphis gossypii has become increasingly difficult to manage due to its strong insecticide resistance.In the laboratory,we established sulfoxaflor-resistant and acetamiprid-resistant strains in two A.gossypii populations with different basal insecticide resistance levels,and evaluated the effects of basal insecticide resistance on the resistance development and cross-resistance,as well as differences in fitness.Under the same selection pressure,Yarkant A.gossypii(with low basal insecticide resistance)evolved resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid more quickly than Jinghe A.gossypii(with high basal insecticide resistance),and the evolution of A.gossypii resistance to sulfoxaflor developed faster than acetamiprid in both Yarkant and Jinghe,Xingjiang,China.The sulfoxaflor-resistant strains selected from Yarkant and Jinghe developed significant cross-resistance to acetamiprid,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam and pymetrozine;while the acetamiprid-resistant strains developed significant cross-resistance to sulfoxaflor,imidacloprid,thiamethoxam,pymetrozine,and chlorpyrifos.The relative fitness of A.gossypii decreased as the resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid developed.The relative fitness levels of the sulfoxaflor-resistant strains(Yarkant-SuIR and Jinghe-SuIR)were lower than those of the acetamiprid-resistant strains(Yarkant-AceR and Jinghe-AceR).In addition,the relative fitness levels of sulfoxaflor-and acetamiprid-resistant strains were lower in Jinghe than in Yarkant.In summary,basal insecticide resistance of A.gossypii and insecticide type affected the evolution of resistance to insecticides in A.gossypii,as well as cross-resistance to other insecticides.The sulfoxaflor-and acetamiprid-resistant A.gossypii strains had obvious fitness costs.The results of this work will contribute to the insecticide resistance management and integrated management of A.gossypii.

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The biosynthesis of alarm pheromone in the wheat aphid Rhopalo-siphum padi is regulated by hormones via fatty acid metabolism

Chengxian SunYaoguo QinJulian ChenZhengxi Li...

2346-2361页

查看更多>>摘要：Aphids are major insect pests in agriculture and forestry worldwide.Following attacks by natural enemies,many aphids release an alarm pheromone to protect their population.In most aphids,the main component of the aphid alarm pheromone(AAP)is the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon(E)-β-farnesene(EβF).However,the mechanisms behind its biosynthesis and regulation remain poorly understood.In this study,we used the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi,which is an important wheat aphid,to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of EβF biosynthesis.Our results showed that EβF biosynthesis occurs during the mature embryo period and the molting period of the 1st-and 2nd-instar nymphs.Triglycerides provide the prerequisite material for EβF production and release.Based on transcriptome sequencing,RNAi analysis,hormone treatments,and quantitative measurements,we found that the biosynthesis of EβF utilizes acetyl coenzyme A produced from fatty acid degradation,which can be suppressed by juvenile hormone but it is promoted by 20-hydroxyecdysone through the modulation of fatty acid metabolism.This is the first systemic study on the modulation of EβF production in aphids.The results of our study provide insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of AAP biosynthesis,as well as valuable information for designing potential aphid control strategies.

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Dynamic transcriptome profiles and novel markers in bovine spermatogenesis revealed by single-cell sequencing

Yuan GaoFuxia BaiQi ZhangXiaoya An...

2362-2378页

查看更多>>摘要：Testicular development is an important biological process in male and requires interaction between the male germ cells and somatic cells.However,the mechanisms of testicular development in livestock,particularly in cattle,are poorly understood.Furthermore,cellular heterogeneity hinders the profiling of different cell types at different developmental stages.In this study,we first performed a single-cell transcriptomic study of the bovine testis development during puberty by using 10× genomics single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq).By collecting the scRNA-seq data from 11,083 cells from prepubertal and pubertal bovine testes,a high-resolution scRNA-seq atlas was described,identifying 9 somatic and 13 spermatogenic clusters.We also distinguished several stage-specific marker genes for bovine germ cells and somatic cells,such as GRAF2 and MORC1 for SSC(spermatogonial stem cells),HJURP and TCF19 for differentiating spermatogonia,ARSE for immature Sertoli,CLEC12B for mature Sertoli,LOC112441470 for Leydig.In conclusion,we have examined the transcription levels and constructed the single-cell developmental maps of germ cells and somatic cells during testicular development in Angus cattle.The datasets provided new insights into spermatogenesis and testicular somatic cell development in cattle.

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Asymmetric expression of CA2 and CA13 linked to calcification in the bilateral mandibular condyles cause crossed beaks in chickens

Lei ShiYanyan SunYunlei LiHao Bai...

2379-2390页

查看更多>>摘要：Crossed beak is a complex mode of inheritance with prevalence ranging from 0.2 to 7.4％in at least 12 chicken strains worldwide.To reveal the intrinsic factors causing crossed beaks,genes expression patterns in bilateral mandibular condyle between affected and normal birds were characterized by RNA sequencing analysis in the present studies.Crossed beak was induced by short length of unilateral mandibular ramus,and a total of 110 differentially expressed genes were up-or down-regulated in the affected(short)mandibular condyle side as compared to the normal side.Carbonic anhydrase 2(CA2)and Carbonic anhydrase 13(CA13)were enriched in the carbonate dehydratase activity,and high-expressed in mandibular condyle and osteoblasts(P＜0.05).However,both were low-expressed in short mandibular condyle side of affected birds(P＜0.05).The carbonate dehydratase inhibitor experiments confirmed that there is positive association between the calcification and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes.Quantitative analysis with cetylpyridinium chloride showed a decrease in calcification when the cells were transfected with an anti-CA13 shRNA.Our research suggested that CA2 and CA13 are down-calcified in short-side mandibular condyle,and caused mandibular ramus to grow slowly.CA2 and CA13 have the critical role in crossed beaks by regulating calcification of mandibular condyle.

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Substitutions of stem-loop subdomains in internal ribosome entry site of Senecavirus A:Impacts on rescue of sequence-modifying viruses

Qianqian WangJie WangLei ZhangXiaoxiao Duan...

2391-2406页

查看更多>>摘要：Senecavirus A(SVA)has a positive-sense,single-stranded RNA genome.Its 5'untranslated region harbors an internal ribosome entry site(IRES),comprising 10 larger or smaller stem-loop structures(including a pseudoknot)that have been demonstrated to be well conserved.However,it is still unclear whether each stem-loop subdomain,such as a single stem or loop,is also highly conserved.To clarify this issue in the present study,a set of 29 SVA cDNA clones were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis(SDM)on the IRES.The SDM-modified scenarios included:(1)stem-formed complementary sequences exchanging with each other;(2)loop transversion;(3)loop transition;and(4)point mutations.All cDNA clones were separately transfected into cells for rescuing viable viruses,whereas only four SVAs of interest could be recovered,and were genetically stable during 20 passages.One progeny grew significantly slower than the other three did.The dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that none of the SDM-modified IRESes significantly inhibited the IRES activity.Our previous study indicated that a single motif from any of the ten stem structures,if completely mutated,would cause the failure of virus recovery.Interestingly,our present study revealed three stem structures,whose individual complementary sequences could exchange with each other to rescue sequence-modifying SVAs.Moreover,one apical loop was demonstrated to have the ability to tolerate its own full-length transition,also having no impact on the recovery of sequence-modifying SVA.The present study suggested that not every stem-loop structure was strictly conserved in its conformation,while the full-length IRES itself was well conserved.This provides a new research direction on interaction between the IRES and many factors.

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Genetic and pathogenic characterization of new infectious bronchitis virus strains in the GVI-1 and GI-19 lineages isolated in central China

Yuhan YangDou WangYaning BaiWenyan Huang...

2407-2420页

查看更多>>摘要：Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),which is prevalent in many countries worldwide and causes serious harm to the poultry industry.At present,many commercial IBV vaccines have been used for the prevention and control of IB;however,IB outbreaks occur frequently.In this study,two new strains of IBV,SX/2106 and SX/2204,were isolated from two flocks which were immunized with IBV H120 vaccine in central China.Phylogenetic and recombination analysis indicated that SX/2106,which was clustered into the GI-19 lineage,may be derived from recombination events of the GI-19 and GI-7 strains and the LDT3-A vaccine.Genetic analysis showed that SX/2204 belongs to the GVI-1 lineage,which may have originated from the recombination of the GI-13 and GVI-1 strains and the H120 vaccine.The virus cross-neutralization test showed that the antigenicity of SX/2106 and SX/2204 was different from H120.Animal experiments found that both SX/2106 and SX/2204 could replicate effectively in the lungs and kidneys of chickens and cause disease and death,and H120 immunization could not provide effective protection against the two IBV isolates.It is noteworthy that the pathogenicity of SX/2204 has significantly increased compared to the GVI-1 strains isolated previously,with a mortality rate up to 60％.Considering the continuous mutation and recombination of the IBV genome to produce new variant strains,it is important to continuously monitor epidemic strains and develop new vaccines for the prevention and control of IBV epidemics.

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Optimized NPK fertilizer recommendations based on topsoil available nutrient criteria for wheat in drylands of China

Wenjie YangJie YuYanhang LiBingli Jia...

2421-2433页

查看更多>>摘要：The optimized management of crop fertilization is very important for improving crop yield and reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizers.Critical nutrient values can be used for evaluating the nutritional status of a crop,and they reflect the nutrient concentrations above which the plant is sufficiently supplied for achieving the maximum potential yield.Based on on-farm surveys of 504 farmers and 60 field experimental sites in the drylands of China,we proposed a recommended fertilization method to determine nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizer input rates for wheat production,and then validated the method by a field experiment at 66 different sites in northern China.The results showed that wheat grain yield varied from 1.1 to 9.2 t ha-1,averaging 4.6 t ha-1,and it had a quadratic relationship with the topsoil(0-20 cm)nitrate N and soil available P contents at harvest.However,yield was not correlated with the inputs of N,P,and K fertilizers.Based on the relationship(exponential decay model)between 95-105％of the relative yield and topsoil nitrate N,available P,and available K contents at wheat harvest from 60 field experiments,the topsoil critical nutrient values were determined as 34.6,15.6,and 150 mg kg-1 for soil nitrate N,available P,and available K,respectively.Then,based on five groups of relative yield(＞125％,115-125％,105-115％,95-105％,and＜95％)and the model,the five groups of topsoil critical nutrient levels and fertilization coefficients(Fc)were determined.Finally,we proposed a new method for calculating the recommended fertilizer input rate as:Fr=Gy×Nr×Fc,where Fr is the recommended fertilizer(N/P/K)input rate;Gy is the potential grain yield;Nr is the N(NrN),P(NrP),and K(NrK)nutrient requirements for wheat to produce 1,000 kg of grain;and Fc is a coefficient for N(Nc)/P(Pc)/K(Kc)fertilizer.A 2-year validated experiment confirmed that the new method reduced N fertilizer input by 17.5％(38.5 kg N ha-1)and P fertilizer input by 43.5％(57.5 kg P2O5 ha-1)in northern China and did not reduce the wheat yield.This outcome can significantly increase the farmers'benefits(by 7.58％,or 139 US$ ha-1).Therefore,this new recommended fertilization method can be used as a tool to guide N,P,and K fertilizer application rates for dryland wheat production.

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Excessive manure application stimulates nitrogen cycling but only weakly promotes crop yields in an acidic Ultisol:Results from a 20-year field experiment

Song WanYongxin LinHangwei HuMilin Deng...

2434-2445页

查看更多>>摘要：Population growth and growing demand for livestock products produce large amounts of manure,which can be harnessed to maintain soil sustainability and crop productivity.However,the impacts of excessive manure application on crop yields,nitrogen(N)-cycling processes and microorganisms remain unknown.Here,we explored the effects of 20-year of excessive rates(18 and 27 Mg ha-1 yr-1)of pig manure application on peanut crop yields,soil nutrient contents,N-cycling processes and the abundance of N-cycling microorganisms in an acidic Ultisol in summer and winter,compared with none and a regular rate(9 Mg ha 1 yr-1)of pig manure application.Long-term excessive pig manure application,especially at the high-rate,significantly increased soil nutrient contents,the abundance of N-cycling functional genes,potential nitrification and denitrification activity,while it had a weaker effect on peanut yield and plant biomass.Compared with manure application,seasonality had a much weaker effect on N-cycling gene abundance.Random forest analysis showed that available phosphorus(AP)content was the primary predictor for N-cycling gene abundance,with significant and positive associations with all tested N-cycling genes.Our study clearly illustrated that excessive manure application would increase N-cycling gene abundance and potential N loss with relatively weak promotion of crop yields,providing significant implications for sustainable agriculture in the acidic Ultisols.

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