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动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）
动物营养（英文）/Journal Animal NutritionCSCDCSTPCD北大核心SCI
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    Dietary crude protein time-dependently modulates the bacterial community and metabolites and changes dietary nutrient efficiency in growing pigs

    Yuming WangJunyan ZhouNing CaoLu Wang...
    1-10页
    查看更多>>摘要：The reduced nutrient digestibility of low-protein(LP)diets has been shown to be caused by the weak-ened fermentative capacity of the post-gut flora.The dynamic regulation of dietary protein contents on post-gut microbial population and fermentative metabolism is unclear.Twelve growing barrows(19.9±0.8 kg)fitted with a T-cannula at the blind end of the cecum were randomly administered a high-protein(HP,21.5％crude protein[CP])diet or an LP(15.5％CP)diet for 28 d.The cecal content and feces were collected at d 1,14,and 28 of the experiment for microflora structures and metabolite concen-trations analysis.The nutrient digestibility coefficient and plasma biochemical parameters were also determined.Compared with the HP treatment,the LP treatment showed decreased plasma urea nitrogen concentration and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter,gross energy,and CP(P＜0.01).In addition,urinary nitrogen losses,total nitrogen losses,and daily nitrogen retention in the LP treatment were lower than those in the HP treatment(P＜0.01),and the nitrogen retention-to-nitrogen intake ratio in the LP treatment was increased(P＜0.01).The HP group showed increased cecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)concentration and fecal propionate,butyrate,and total SCFA concentrations(P＜0.05)on d 14 and 28,which may be mainly related to the elevated abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria,such as Ruminococcus,Lactobacillus,and Prevotella(P＜0.05).Probiotics,such as Bifidobacterium,Bacteroidales S24-7,and Rikenella,enriched in the LP treatment possibly contributed to reduced plasma endotoxin content.The differences in the abundances of almost all the above-mentioned flora appeared on d 28 but not d 14.Likewise,differences in the Simpson and Shannon indices and clustering patterns of the microbiota between treatments were also only observed on d 28.To sum up,in a time-dependent manner,the LP diet increased probiotics with gut-improving functions and decreased SCFA-producing bacteria,which may cause enhanced intestine health and reduced nutrient digestibility.
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    The AMPK and AKT/GSK3β pathways are involved in recombinant proteins fibroblast growth factor 1(rFGF1 and rFGF1a)improving glycolipid metabolism in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)fed a high carbohydrate diet

    Huixia YuShuo GengShuai LiYingwei Wang...
    11-24页
    查看更多>>摘要：Fibroblast growth factor 1(FGF1)regulates vertebrate cell growth,proliferation and differentiation,and energy metabolism.In this study,we cloned rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus my kiss)fgf1 and fgf1a,pre-pared their recombinant proteins(rFGF1 and rFGF1a),and described the molecular mechanisms by which they improve glycolipid metabolism in carnivorous fish.A 31-d feeding trial was conducted to investigate whether they could enhance glycolipid metabolism in rainbow trout on high-carbohydrate diets(HCD).A total of 720 rainbow trout(8.9±0.5 g)were equally divided into 4 groups:the chow diet(CD)group injected with PBS,the HCD group injected with PBS,the HCD group injected with rFGF1(400 ng/g body weight),and the HCD group injected with rFGF1a(400 ng/g body weight).The results showed that short-term HCD had a significant positive effect on the specific growth rate(SGR)of rainbow trout(P＜0.05).However,it led to an increase in crude fat,serum triglyceride(TG)and glucose content,as well as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(GOT)contents(P＜0.05),suggesting a negative health effect of HCD.Nevertheless,rFGF1 and rFGF1a showed beneficial therapeutic effects.They significantly reduced the crude fat content of the liver,serum TG,GOT,and GPT contents caused by HCD(P＜0.05).The upregulation in atgl,hsl,and acc2 mRNAs implied the promotion of TG catabolism.Moreover,rFGF1 and rFGF1a contributed to promoting lipolysis by activating the AMPK pathway and reducing lipid accumulation in the liver caused by HCD.In addition,the rFGF1 and rFGF1 a-treated groups significantly reduced serum glucose levels and elevated hepatic glycogen content under HCD,and increased glucose uptake by hepatocytes.We observed a decrease in mRNA levels for pepck,g6pase,and pygl,along with an increase in mRNA levels for gys,glut2,and gk in the liver.Furthermore,these proteins regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis by increasing the phosphorylation level of AKT,ultimately leading to an increase in GSK3β phosphorylation.In conclusion,this study demonstrates that rFGF1 and rFGF1a can enhance lipolysis and glucose utili-zation in rainbow trout by activating the AMPK pathway and AKT/GSK3β axis.
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    Trimethylamine oxide supplementation differentially regulates fat deposition in liver,longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissue of growing-finishing pigs

    Andong ZhaWanquan LiJing WangPing Bai...
    25-35页
    查看更多>>摘要：Trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)is a microbiota-derived metabolite,and numerous studies have shown that it could regulate fat metabolism in humans and mice.However,few studies have focused on the effects of TMAO on fat deposition in growing-finishing pigs.This study aimed to investigate the effect of TMAO on fat deposition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs.Sixteen growing pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed with a basal diet with 0 or 1 g/kg TMAO for 149 d.The intestinal microbial profiles,fat deposition indexes,and fatty acid profiles were measured.These results showed that TMAO supplementation had a tendency to decrease lean body mass(P＜0.10)and significantly increased backfat thickness(P＜0.05),but it did not affect growth performance.TMAO significantly increased total protein(TP)concentration,and reduced alkaline phosphatase(ALP)concentration in serum(P＜0.05).TMAO increased the α diversity of the ileal microbiota community(P＜0.05),and it did not affect the colonic microbial community.TMAO supplementation significantly increased acetate content in the ileum,and Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella were significantly enriched in the TMAO group(P＜0.05).In addition,TMAO decreased fat content,as well as the ratio of linoleic acid,n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),and PUFA in the liver(P＜0.05).On the contrary,TMAO increased intramuscular fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle,whereas the C18:2n6c ratio was increased,and the n-6 PUFA:PUFA ratio was decreased(P＜0.05).In vitro,1 mmol/LTMAO treatment significantly upregulated the expression of FASN and SREBP1 in C2C12 cells(P＜0.05).Nevertheless,TMAO also increased adipocyte area and decreased the CPT-1B expression in subcutaneous fat(P＜0.05).Taken together,TMAO supplementation regulated ileal microbial composition and acetate production,and regulated fat distribution and fatty acid composition in growing-finishing pigs.These results provide new insights for understanding the role of TMAO in humans and animals.
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    Maternal resveratrol improves the intestinal health and weight gain of suckling piglets during high summer temperatures:The involvement of exosome-derived microRNAs and immunoglobin in colostrum

    Changming HongYujian HuangGuan YangXiaolu Wen...
    36-48页
    查看更多>>摘要：Previous studies have shown that maternal resveratrol improved growth performance and altered the microbial composition of suckling piglets under hot summer conditions.However,it remains unclear how maternal resveratrol improves growth performance of suckling piglets during high summer tem-peratures.A total of 20 sows(Landrace × Large White;three parity)were randomly assigned to 2 groups(with or without 300 mg/kg resveratrol)from d 75 of gestation to d 21 of lactation during high ambient temperatures(from 27 to 30 ℃).The results showed that maternal resveratrol supplementation increased total daily weight gain of piglets under hot summer conditions,which is consistent with previous studies.Furthermore,we found that maternal resveratrol improved the intestinal morphology and intestinal epithelial proliferation in suckling piglets.Dietary resveratrol supplementation affected the characteristics of exosome-derived microRNAs(miRNAs)in sow colostrum,as well as the genes targeted by differentially produced miRNAs.MiRNAs are concentrated in the tight junction pathway.As a result,the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins was increased in suckling piglets(P＜0.05).Notably,maternal resveratrol increased the intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)levels of suckling piglets via colostrum immunoglobin(P＜0.05),which could increase the abundance of bene-ficial microbiota to further increase the concentration of short chain fatty acids(SCFA)in suckling piglets'intestine(P＜0.05).Finally,our correlation analysis further demonstrated the positive associations be-tween significantly differential intestinal microbiota,intestinal sIgA production and SCFA concentrations,as well as the positive relation between total daily weight gain and intestinal health of suckling piglets.Taken together,our findings suggested that maternal resveratrol could promote intestinal health to improve piglet growth during high summer temperatures,which might be associated with the immu-noglobin and exosome-derived miRNAs in sows'colostrum.
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    Partially substituting alfalfa hay with hemp forage in the diet of goats improved feed efficiency,ruminal fermentation pattern and microbial profiles

    Tao RanZhipeng XuWenzhu YangDalin Liu...
    49-60页
    查看更多>>摘要：The use of hemp as a forage source in livestock diets has been less studied because bioactive residues in animal tissues may pose a risk to consumers.This study investigated the effects of partial substitution of alfalfa hay(AH)with hemp forage(HF)in growing goat diets on growth performance,carcass traits,ruminal fermentation characteristics,rumen microbial communities,blood biochemistry,and antioxidant indices.Forty Xiangdong black goats with body weight(BW)7.82±0.57 kg(mean±SD)were grouped by BW and randomly assigned into one of the four treatment diets(n=10/treatment)in a completely randomized design.The goats were fed ad libitum total mixed rations containing 60％forage and 40％concentrate(DM basis).The diets included control(CON;60％AH and 40％concentrate),55％AH and 5％HF(HF5),50％AH and 10％HF(HF10),and 40％AH and 20％HF(HF20).Increasing the substitution of HF for AH linearly decreased(P=0.004)DM intake and improved feed conversion efficiency.However,final BW,average daily gain,carcass traits,meat quality,and most blood biochemistry indices did not differ among treatments.The ruminal NH3-N concentration(P=0.003)and blood urine nitrogen(P=0.050)linearly increased(P＜0.01)with increasing substitution rate of HF,whereas the total volatile fatty acids concentration quadratically changed(P=0.007).Substitution of AH with HF had no effect on the diversity and richness of ruminal microbes,though it linearly decreased(P=0.040)Prevotella_1 and linearly increased(P=0.017)Rike-nellaceae_RC9_gut_group.The cannabinoids and/or their metabolites were detected in both ruminal fil-trates(8)and plasma(4),however,no detectable cannabinoid-related residues were observed in meat.These results indicate that the HF could be used to partially substitute AH in goat diets,whereas the effects vary between substitution rates of HF for AH.Although no cannabinoid-related residues were detected in meat,the presence of cannabinoids residues in blood warrants further study of HF feeding to confirm the cannabinoids residues are not present in the animal products.
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    A bird's-eye overview of molecular mechanisms regulating feed intake in chickens-with mammalian comparisons

    Anastasiia R.VolyanskayaIlya R.AkberdinMikhail A.KulyashovIvan S.Yevshin...
    61-74页
    查看更多>>摘要：In recent decades,a lot of research has been conducted to explore poultry feeding behavior.However,up to now,the processes behind poultry feeding behavior remain poorly understood.The review generalizes modern expertise about the hormonal regulation of feeding behavior in chickens,focusing on signaling pathways mediated by insulin,leptin,and ghrelin and regulatory pathways with a cross-reference to mammals.This overview also summarizes state-of-the-art research devoted to hypothalamic neuro-peptides that control feed intake and are prime candidates for predictors of feeding efficiency.Comparative analysis of the signaling pathways that mediate the feed intake regulation allowed us to conclude that there are major differences in the processes by which hormones influence specific neu-ropeptides and their contrasting roles in feed intake control between two vertebrate clades.
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    Effects of fermented sweet potato residue on nutrient digestibility,meat quality,and intestinal microbes in broilers

    Ting YaoChenyu WangLifen LiangXuan Xiang...
    75-86页
    查看更多>>摘要：This study aimed to investigate the effects of different proportions of dietary fermented sweet potato residue(FSPR)supplementation as a substitute for corn on the nutrient digestibility,meat quality,and intestinal microbes of yellow-feathered broilers.Experiment 1(force-feeding)evaluated the nutrient composition and digestibility of mixtures with different proportions of sweet potato residue(70％,80％,90％,and 100％)before and after fermentation.In Experiment 2(metabolic growth),a total of 420 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated to 4 groups and fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with 0,5％,8％,and 10％FSPR as a substitute for corn.The force-feeding and metabolic growth experiments were performed for 9 and 70 d,respectively.The treatment of 70％sweet potato residue(after fermentation)had the highest levels of crude protein,ether extract,and crude fiber and improved the digestibility of crude protein and amino acids(P＜0.05).Although dietary FSPR supplementation at different levels had no significant effect on growth performance and intestinal morphology,it improved slaughter rate,half-chamber rate,full clearance rate,and meat color,as well as reduced cooking loss in the breast and thigh muscles(P＜0.05).Dietary supplementation with 8％and 10％FSPR increased the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G levels in broilers(P＜0.05).Furthermore,10％FSPR increased the Shannon index and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 and Romboutsia abundances and decreased Sutterella and Megamonas abundances(P＜0.05).Spearman's correlation analysis showed that meat color was positively correlated with Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014(P＜0.05)and negatively correlated with Megamonas(P＜0.05).Collectively,70％sweet potato residue(after fermen-tation)had the best nutritional value and nutrient digestibility.Dietary supplementation with 8％to 10％FSPR as a substitute for corn can improve the slaughter performance,meat quality,and intestinal microbe profiles of broilers.Our findings suggest that FSPR has the potential to be used as a substitute for corn-soybean meals to improve the meat quality and intestinal health of broilers.
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    Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk and metabolic fatty liver in spotted seabass(Lateolabrax maculatus):The role of a cholesterol,taurine and glycine supplement

    Tingting SongXiaofang LiangHao WangMin Xue...
    87-99页
    查看更多>>摘要：The prevalent practice of substituting fishmeal with plant protein frequently leads to disturbances in bile acid metabolism,subsequently increasing the incidence of metabolic liver diseases.Bile acid nutrients such as cholesterol,taurine and glycine have been shown to enhance bile acid synthesis and confer beneficial effects on growth.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the effects of cholesterol-taurine-glycine(Ch-Tau-Gly)supplement on bile acid metabolism and liver health in spotted seabass(Lateolabrax maculatus)fed a plant-based diet.Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated:(1)plant protein-based diet(PP);(2)PP supplemented 0.5％cholesterol,0.5％taurine and 1.3％glycine(CTG).Each experimental diet was randomly fed to quadruplicate groups of 30 feed-trained spotted seabass in each tank.The results revealed that supplementing plant-based diet with Ch-Tau-Gly supplement led to an increase in carcass ratio(meat yield)in spotted seabass(P＜0.05),indirectly contributing positively to their growth.The dietary supplement effectively suppressed endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liver,promoted the expression of bile acid synthesis enzyme synthesis,and simultaneously the expression of intestinal fxr and its downstream genes,including hnf4α and shp(P＜0.05).The reduction in Lactobacillus_salivarius and bile salt hydrolase(BSH)were observed in CTG group with concurrently increased conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA)bile acids(P＜0.05),suggesting the enhancement of the hydrophilicity of the bile acid pool.In CTG group,fatty liver was alleviated with a corresponding increase in lipid metabolism,characterized by a downregulation of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipid droplet deposition,along with an upregulation of genes related to lipolysis.Our study underscored the ability of Ch-Tau-Gly supplement to influence the gut microbiota,leading to an increase in the levels of conjugated CDCA(P＜0.05)in the bile acid pool of spotted seabass.The interplay between the gut microbiota and bile acids might constitute a crucial pathway in the promotion of liver health.These findings offer a promising solution,suggesting that Ch-Tau-Gly supplement have the potential to pro-mote the growth of aquatic species and livestock fed on plant-based diets while addressing issues related to metabolic fatty liver.
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    Effects of sex on fat deposition through gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in weaned pigs

    Linfang YaoBo WangYu WangJie Bai...
    100-109页
    查看更多>>摘要：Nitrogen pollution resulting from excessive feed consumption poses a significant challenge for modern swine production.Precision nutrition technology seems to be an effective way to solve this problem;therefore,understanding the law of pig body composition deposition is a prerequisite.This study investigated the sex effects on growth performance,body composition,nutrient deposition,gut micro-biota,and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)in weaned piglets.Eighty weaned pigs were randomly allocated to 2 treatments according to the sex of pigs.An individual pig was considered as a treatment replicate.Six body weights(BW 5,7,11,15,20,and 25 kg)were chosen as experimental points;for each point 10 piglets close to the average BW(5 males and 5 females)were slaughtered,and there was one growth phase between each 2 BW points.Results indicated that the males had higher average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)compared to the females(P＜0.05)at growth phases 15 to 20 kg BW and 20 to 25 kg BW.Meanwhile,males at 20 kg BW had higher body fat content than females(P＜0.10).Males showed a higher body fat(P＜0.05)deposition rate at phase 15 to 20 kg BW(P＜0.05)than females.For pigs at 20 kg BW,the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-005,Clostridium,Chris-tensenellaceae_R-7_group,and Peptostreptococcaceae was significantly increased in males(P＜0.05)but that of Bifidobacterium was decreased(P＜0.05).At 25 kg BW,the relative abundance of Ruminococca-ceae_NK4A214_group,Fibrobacter,Ruminococcaceae UCG-009,Ralstonia,Klebsiel,and Christensenella-ceae_R-7_group in males was higher when compared with females(P＜0.05).In terms of SCFA,females exhibited higher concentrations of propionate compared to males(P＜0.05).The results of the current study indicated that sex influenced fat deposition through changes in the composition of gut microbiota and the content of SCFA,which has significant implications for the realization of precision nutrition in modern swine production.
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    Next-generation probiotic candidates targeting intestinal health in weaned piglets:Both live and heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila prevent pathological changes induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the gut

    Cong LanHua LiYuqing ShenYang Liu...
    110-122页
    查看更多>>摘要：The use of next-generation probiotics(NGP)in pigs for combating diseases has been subject to limited research.Here we explored the potential of a well-known NGP candidate Akkermansia muciniphila tar-geting pig gut health.In the first screening experiment,we found that the abundance of A.muciniphila peaked at 14 d old but decreased at weaning(21 d old;P＜0.05),suggesting the weaning period may be an effective window for A.muciniphila intervention.Following that,48 crossbred weaned pigs at 28 d old were randomly assigned to five groups:control(CON),high/low live A.muciniphila(HA/LA),and high/low heat-killed A.muciniphila(HIA/LIA).From 1 to 28 d old,the CON group received gastric infusion of anaerobic sterile saline every other day;the HA and LA groups were gavaged every other day with 1 × 1010 CFU/5 mL and 5 × 108 CFU/5 mL live A.muciniphila,respectively;and the HIA and LIA groups were gavaged every other day with 1 × 1010 CFU/5 mL and 5 × 108 CFU/5 mL heat-killed A.muciniphila,respectively.At d 29,pigs in the CON group were randomly and equally divided into two groups,one of which was named the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)group,and all groups except CON received a 5-d ETEC challenge.The supplementation of A.muciniphila numerically reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned pigs compared to the pigs that only received the ETEC challenge(P=0.57),but the LIA group had a higher diarrhea rate than the CON group(P＜0.05).Consistent with this,the supplementation of A.muciniphila improved the small intestinal morphology and structure,proportion of CD4+T lymphocytes in the blood,as well as the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and antioxidant indices of pigs with ETEC challenge,especially for the LA group(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,A.muciniphila supplementation reduced the expression of ETEC virulence factor genes in the ileum and colon of pigs challenged by ETEC(P＜0.05).Therefore,A.muciniphila may protect the intestinal health of weaned piglets from damage caused by ETEC infection,but the effect may vary depending on the concentration and activity of A.muciniphila.
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